scholarly journals Demonstratiivpronoomenid ja -adverbid määratlejatena. Miks me oleme siin ilmas, selles olukorras?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-111
Author(s):  
Helen Hint ◽  
Piia Taremaa ◽  
Maria Reile ◽  
Renate Pajusalu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Conditional Random Forests ◽  
National Corpus

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis analüüsime eesti keele demonstratiivide referentsiaalseid omadusi sellistes konstruktsioonides, kus demonstratiivid kuuluvad definiitse määratlejana nimisõnafraasi koosseisu. Otsime vastust küsimusele, mille poolest erinevad demonstratiivadverb (nt siin, seal) ning demonstratiivpronoomen (see, too), kui need esinevad määratlejana koos kohakäändes nimisõnafraasiga (vrd siin koolis ja selles koolis). Oleme püstitanud hüpoteesi, et demonstratiivadverbid seostuvad ruumitähendust väljendavate substantiividega, demonstratiivpronoomenid esinevad aga nende substantiividega, mille referent on mitteruumiline. Uurimuse andmestik pärineb 2017. aasta eesti keele ühendkorpusest, kust oleme võtnud 100 lauset iga demonstratiivi kohta igas kohakäändes, seega kokku 2400 lauset. Materjali analüüsime kvantitatiivselt (tingimuslike otsustuspuude ja juhumetsadega) ning kvalitatiivselt. Uurimuse tulemused kinnitavad, et substantiivi semantilised omadused, täpsemalt substantiivi semantiline klass ning konkreetsus, on seotud määratleja valikuga. Kohatähenduses substantiividega esineb määratlejana sagedamini demonstratiivadverb, mittekoha tähenduses substantiivide määratlejana kasutatakse aga demonstratiivpronoomenit. Mittekohta tähistavate substantiivide korral mõjutab määratleja valikut omakorda sõna konkreetsus. Seega on võimalik demonstratiivseid määratlejaid eesti keeles kasutada referenti looval viisil. Abstract. Helen Hint, Piia Taremaa, Maria Reile, Renate Pajusalu: Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs as determiners in Estonian: why are we in “here world” in “this situation”? We investigate the variation of definite determiner constructions in Estonian: noun phrases with a demonstrative pronoun (see ‘this’, too ‘that’) or demonstrative adverb (siin ‘here’, seal ‘there’) as a determiner are contrasted. The question is what differentiates the use of a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative adverb if used in a determiner position in an NP. The data from Estonian National Corpus 2017 were tagged for semantic class of a noun, noun concreteness, and verb type. We collected 100 clauses for each sub-construction (six spatial cases crossed with four determiner forms), 2400 clauses in total. For statistical analysis, we used conditional random forests and inference trees. We show that nouns expressing spatial meaning prefer demonstrative adverbs as determiners, while non-spatial nouns combine with demonstrative pronouns. Spatiality-wise polysemous nouns exhibit more varied preferences. Adverbial determiners are more probably used with concrete nouns, and abstract nouns co-occur with pronominals. Overall, the frequency of demonstrative adverbs as NP attributes confirms that demonstrative adverbs are productive determiners in Estonian.

Gender congruency effects in Russian–Spanish and Italian–Spanish bilinguals: The role of language proximity and concreteness of words

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELA PAOLIERI ◽  
FRANCISCA PADILLA ◽  
OLGA KORENEVA ◽  
LUIS MORALES ◽  
PEDRO MACIZO
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Congruency Effect ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

Previous studies have shown that bilinguals perform a production task faster when the item is gender-congruent across their two languages than when it is not. The current study aimed to explore three factors that might modulate this effect: the similarity of the gender systems, the need to retrieve grammatical gender to perform the task, and the role of a semantic variable (concreteness) in the processing of gender information. In Experiment 1, Russian–Spanish bilinguals showed gender-congruency effects whether they translated concrete nouns in isolation or in noun-phrases. In contrast, the effect was restricted to noun phrases when they translated abstract words. In Experiment 2, Italian–Spanish bilinguals showed the gender-congruency effect regardless of the translation task. However, the effect was larger with concrete nouns in comparison with abstract nouns. These results are discussed in terms of the proximity of bilingual gender systems and the relationship between semantics and gender.

scholarly journals Semantic Features of Nouns Referred to Various Lexical-And-Grammatical Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Vadim Belov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
National Corpus

The paper focuses on semantic properties of concrete and abstract nouns in the aspect of their cognitive categorization. The research is based on the results of two psycholinguistic experiments carried out by the author: synonym selection and word interpretation. The data obtained are verified by comparing data from the dictionaries of synonyms and National Corpus of the Russian Language. The synonym collection experiment shows that the speakers tend to extend synonymic relations of concrete nouns by means of semantic convergence of the words, which belong to different levels of hierarchy in the semantic field. Special attention is paid to nouns denoting a person. Their synonymic ranges differ significantly in lexicographic sources and the experiment findings. The word interpretation experiment points to the frequency of a logical (componential) method for interpretation of concrete nouns meaning, and synonymic method for abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are noted to realize logical categorization due to being incorporated into hierarchical semantic relations, whilst abstract nouns may reflect logical and figurative categorization because their meanings do not have subject reference and are characterized by uncertainty. Abstract nouns have been proved to build hierarchical semantic relations within their synonymic groups on certain conditions.

scholarly journals Wounds and words: A lexical and syntactic analysis of Casocot’s “There are other things beside brightness and light”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
Veronico N. Tarrayo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Flash Fiction ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Verb Tense

While there has been a sustained interest in conducting stylistic studies on fiction, specifically novels and short stories, the literature about stylistic analysis of flash fiction as a literary genre remains scant. Thus, the present study attempts to conduct a lexical and syntactic analysis of Ian Rosales Casocot’s “There Are Other Things Beside Brightness And Light.” The analysis was anchored in two of the four linguistic and stylistic categories proposed by Leech and Short (2007), namely lexical and grammatical. To communicate the narrator’s traumatic experience, the following lexical categories were found: words that evoke the main character’s recollected sensations, particularly visual; a Latin expression, and slang words; concrete nouns providing access to the feelings of the main character; abstract nouns connoting psychological or emotional processes; and adjectives depicting sensory imageries and representing, along with some verbs, psychological states that carry negative connotations. Stative verbs vis-à-vis dynamic ones echo the impressions of attachment and detachment, and memory in the story, which link to the adverbs of manner in the text. On the other hand, these grammatical features contributed to text interpretation: cumulative or loose sentences depicting a series of rapid thoughts of the narrator who recalls a traumatic experience; mini-paragraphs, i.e., text fragmentation, foregrounding the theme of the narrative; a verb-tense shift from past to future, and the demonstrative pronouns that and this representing the struggle of the narrator to escape from the vexatious memory of pain and trauma; and the em dash paving the way for the narrator’s emotional rumination. The stylistic analysis, particularly lexical and syntactic, provides a more objective and profound understanding of the underlying meanings of the FF under study.

Are Emotions Abstract or Concrete?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xu ◽  
Chunyan Kang ◽  
Kaia Sword ◽  
Taomei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
N400 Amplitude ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Emotion Concepts ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract. The ability to identify and communicate emotions is essential to psychological well-being. Yet research focusing exclusively on emotion concepts has been limited. This study examined nouns that represent emotions (e.g., pleasure, guilt) in comparison to nouns that represent abstract (e.g., wisdom, failure) and concrete entities (e.g., flower, coffin). Twenty-five healthy participants completed a lexical decision task. Event-related potential (ERP) data showed that emotion nouns elicited less pronounced N400 than both abstract and concrete nouns. Further, N400 amplitude differences between emotion and concrete nouns were evident in both hemispheres, whereas the differences between emotion and abstract nouns had a left-lateralized distribution. These findings suggest representational distinctions, possibly in both verbal and imagery systems, between emotion concepts versus other concepts, implications of which for theories of affect representations and for research on affect disorders merit further investigation.

scholarly journals Possessive Construction in Russian and Indonesian Noun Phrases: Contrastive Analysis and Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianty Karyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
National Corpus

This paper aims to discuss the comparison between possessive constructions in Russian and Indonesian noun phrases. Since both of the languages have different grammatical systems, their possessive constructions may also be different. The differences are discussed using a contrastive analysis approach. However, the similarities between them are also taken into consideration following one of the practical purposes of contrastive analysis, namely, to aid the translation process. The theory employed in this research is eclectic. The research method employed in this research is descriptive method with contrastive analysis model. In addition, for translation analysis, word-for-word and literal methods are used here. The data in this research are collected from the Russian National Corpus and some selected literary works in Russian and Indonesian. The result suggests that there are some structural differences and similarities between Russian and Indonesian in terms of word order, attributive categories, and grammatical categories of the elements constituting noun phrases. The results of this comparison can be referred to in the translation of possessive construction of both languages so that the closest equivalent is found following the rules of each language. 

scholarly journals Noun phrases, pronouns and anaphoric reference in young children narratives

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 203-223
Author(s):  
Insa Gülzow ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Gagarina
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Discourse Competence

This paper deals with the development of discourse competence in German-, Russian- and Bulgarian-speaking children. In particular, it examines the use of anaphoric pronominal reference in elicited narrations of children between the ages of 2;6 and 6;0. As the pronominal (and nominal) systems of target German, Russian and Bulgarian differ in the repertoire and functions of anaphoric elements we will examine which kind of noun phrases children use to make reference to story participants. In a second step of the analysis, we will investigate how pronominal expressions relate to antecedents. In this respect the pronominal form of the anaphor, the syntactic function of the antecedent and the distance between antecedent and anaphor will be analyzed. The findings will be discussed with regard to predictions made by proposals such as the Complementary Hypothesis (Bosch, Rozario, and Zhao 2003) which assumes an asymmetry between the use of personal pro-nouns and demonstrative pronouns when referring back to subject or object antecedents.  

scholarly journals Kesalahan Penggunaan Kata Ganti Demonstratif Ko-So-A pada Kalimat Bahasa Jepang dalam Ujian Akhir Semester Penerjemahan Lisan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Irma Winingsih
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Japanese Learners

AbstractBunmyakushiji type of ‘Ko-So-A’ demontrative pronouns are words that are being used to replace word(s) or to refer word(s) or thing(s) which have said before. The Ko-So-A demonstrative pronouns have difference usage with pronoun in Indonesian language. Writer found out there are many Japanese learners in Japanese Language Department of Dian Nuswantoro University including were having difficulties to distinguish functions of each pronoun. Because of that, writer is interested in analyzing the errors made by learner when using bunmyakushiji type of demonstrative pronoun. Writer use qualitative method and analytic descriptive. The data were collected from conversations of  Interpreting class’s Final Exam. The result was error usage of So and A demonstrative pronouns often happened than error usage of Ko and So demonstrative pronouns.  Keywords: kosoa, error, demonstrative, understanding. AbstrakKata ganti demonstratif Ko-So-A yang berfungsi kontekstual digunakan untukmerujuk atau menggantikan kata yang dituturkan sebelumnya. Penggunaannyaberbeda dengan kata ganti demonstrative dalam bahasa Indonesia.Karena dalamUjian Akhir Semester mata kuliah Penerjemahan Lisan yang merupakan percakapan antara penguji dengan mahasiswa cukup banyak ditemukan kesalahan penggunaan kata ganti ini, maka penulis tertarik untuk meneliti kesalahan tersebut.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari percakapan/tanya jawab dalam ujian. Hasilnya yaitu kesalahan penggunaan kata ganti demonstrative So dan A lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan kesalahan penggunaan kata ganti demonstratif Ko dan So. Kata Kunci: ko-so-a, kesalahan, demonstratif, pemahaman 

scholarly journals A Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Abulhawa's the Blue between Sky and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Zahoor Hussain ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Corpus Stylistics ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Shed Light

Palestinian literature received significance after Nakba (1948 Palestine-Israel war) and Naksa (1967 Arab-Israel war) and it laid an impact on Palestinian writers and there emerged a new form of literature called Palestinian American literature which got recognition in the 1990s internationally. After Nakba and Naksa many Palestinian families migrated to America. These Palestinians wrote literature in English that is called Palestinian-American literature. The aim of the stylistic analysis of Abulhawa's work to trace out how the writer constructs reality through lexical categories. This thesis also analyzes the work of Palestinian-American writer Abulhawa's novel, The Blue between Sky and Water, and focuses specifically on how the writer achieves her aims. At the same time, this stylistic analysis of The Blue between Sky and Water shed light on the use of Arabic words in English fiction which represent the culture and identity of the Palestinian nation. It explores the dilemma of Palestine that they become a foreigner in their native land. The researcher employed a mixed-method approach to conduct the present study. The researcher used Corpus stylistics tools to analyze the novel. The researcher traced around 6288 concrete nouns and 1634 abstract nouns from the sample respectively. The extensive use of concrete nouns showed that the main purpose of the writer was to get homeland and this piece of writing was not only art for art sake rather art for life's sake. The researcher traced out around 1400 adjectives from the sample of study.

Word-Pair Encoding Using Similarity and Contrastive Processing

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275
Author(s):  
W. Daniel Phillips ◽  
Michael L. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Word Pair ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Processing Effects ◽  
Semantic Encoding

Two experiments examined the effects of several kinds of incidental semantic encoding on cued recall through instructions to find similarities or to find differences between pairs of nouns, with and without imagery instructions. Exp. 1 employed concrete and abstract nouns which were related or unrelated in meaning. Processing effects on a subsequent cued recall task occurred only for unrelated concrete items, with finding similarities leading to higher recall. In Exp. 2, two groups of subjects processed unrelated concrete nouns with the same encoding instructions as in Exp. 1. Two additional groups carried out the similarity or contrastive task by forming images containing both items. Again, recall was higher when similarity processing was employed. The addition of imagery instructions affected encoding time but not recall accuracy or response latency. Results suggested that forming a meaningful associative relationship between pair members was the crucial encoding step for successful memory performance.

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