scholarly journals cDNA Subtractive Cloning of Genes Expressed during Early Stage of Appressorium Formation byMagnaporthe grisea

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi KAMAKURA ◽  
Jin-zhong XIAO ◽  
Woo-Bong CHOI ◽  
Takamasa KOCHI ◽  
Syuichi YAMAGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Subtractive Cloning

scholarly journals CgEnd3 Regulates Endocytosis, Appressorium Formation, and Virulence in the Poplar Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4029
Author(s):  
Xiaolian Wang ◽  
Dongxiao Lu ◽  
Chengming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Penetration Ability

The hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of anthracnose on numerous plants, and it causes considerable economic losses worldwide. Endocytosis is an essential cellular process in eukaryotic cells, but its roles in C. gloeosporioides remain unknown. In our study, we identified an endocytosis-related protein, CgEnd3, and knocked it out via polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation. The lack of CgEnd3 resulted in severe defects in endocytosis. C. gloeosporioides infects its host through a specialized structure called appressorium, and ΔCgEnd3 showed deficient appressorium formation, melanization, turgor pressure accumulation, penetration ability of appressorium, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity. CgEnd3 also affected oxidant adaptation and the expression of core effectors during the early stage of infection. CgEnd3 contains one EF hand domain and four calcium ion-binding sites, and it is involved in calcium signaling. A lack of CgEnd3 changed the responses to cell-wall integrity agents and fungicide fludioxonil. However, CgEnd3 regulated appressorium formation and endocytosis in a calcium signaling-independent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CgEnd3 plays pleiotropic roles in endocytosis, calcium signaling, cell-wall integrity, appressorium formation, penetration, and pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides, and it suggests that CgEnd3 or endocytosis-related genes function as promising antifungal targets.

scholarly journals Mutations in DMI3 and SUNN Modify the Appressorium-Responsive Root Proteome in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardjis Amiour ◽  
Ghislaine Recorbet ◽  
Franck Robert ◽  
Silvio Gianinazzi ◽  
Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Proteome

Modification of the Medicago truncatula root proteome during the early stage of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was investigated by comparing, using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the protein patterns obtained from non-inoculated roots and roots synchronized for Glomus intraradices appressorium formation. This approach was conducted in wild-type (J5), mycorrhiza-defective (TRV25, dmi3), and autoregulation-defective (TR122, sunn) M. truncatula genotypes. The groups of proteins that responded to appressorium formation were further compared between wild-type and mutant genotypes; few overlaps and major differences were recorded, demonstrating that mutations in DMI3 and SUNN modified the appressorium-responsive root proteome. Except for a chalcone reductase, none of the differentially displayed proteins that could be identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry previously was known as appressorium responsive. A DMI3-dependent increased accumulation of signal transduction-related proteins (dehydroascorbate reductase, cyclophilin, and actin depolymerization factor) was found to precede mycorrhiza establishment. Differences in the accumulation of proteins related to plant defense reactions, cytoskeleton rearrangements, and auxin signaling upon symbiont contact were recorded between wild-type and hypermycorrhizal genotypes, pointing to some putative pathways by which SUNN may regulate very early arbuscule formation.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

Direct observation of Fe-Al-Zn ternary intermetallic compound and its transformation during the early stage of hot-dip galvanizing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compound

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.

Anisotropy of interfacial defects in the initial stage of MOVPE GaAs growth On Si

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
C. Vannuffel ◽  
C. Schiller ◽  
J. P. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Threading Dislocations ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Interfacial Defects ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Essential Problem

Recently, interest has focused on the epitaxy of GaAs on Si as a promising material for electronic applications, potentially for integration of optoelectronic devices on silicon wafers. The essential problem concerns the 4% misfit between the two materials, and this must be accommodated by a network of interfacial dislocations with the lowest number of threading dislocations. It is thus important to understand the detailed mechanism of the formation of this network, in order to eventually reduce the dislocation density at the top of the layers.MOVPE growth is carried out on slightly misoriented, (3.5°) from (001) towards , Si substrates. Here we report on the effect of this misorientation on the interfacial defects, at a very early stage of growth. Only the first stage, of the well-known two step growth process, is thus considered. Previously, we showed that full substrate coverage occured for GaAs thicknesses of 5 nm in contrast to MBE growth, where substantially greater thicknesses are required.

1596: Choices for Definitive Treatment of Early-Stage Prostate Cancer: Results from the Compare Registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 514-514
Author(s):  
David G. McLeod ◽  
Oliver Sartor ◽  
Paul F. Schellhammer ◽  
Anthony V. D'Amico ◽  
Susan Halabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Definitive Treatment

644: Cathepsin D is a Marker for Early Stage Renal Cell Cancer and Predicts the Presence of Distant Metastases

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Axel S. Merseburger ◽  
Joerg Hennenlotter ◽  
Perikles Simon ◽  
Marcus Horstmann ◽  
Arnulf Stenzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Distant Metastases

1068: TP53 Gene Mutations as a Prognostic Marker for PSA Progression in Early Stage Prostate Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Markus D. Sachs ◽  
Horst Schlechte ◽  
Katrin Schiemenz ◽  
Severin V. Lenk ◽  
Dietmar Schnorr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Psa Progression ◽  
Tp53 Gene Mutations

1549: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics, and Related Genomic Polymorphisms of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) During the Early Stage after Renal Transplant

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 419-420
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Numakura ◽  
Shigeru Satoh ◽  
Norihiko Tsuchiya ◽  
Yohei Horikawa ◽  
Takamitsu Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document