SPECT with a New Radiopharmaceutical Drug 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose of Dynamic Observation of a Patient with a Diagnosis of a Malignant Brain Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
R. Zel'chan ◽  
I. Sinilkin ◽  
A. Medvedeva ◽  
O. Bragina ◽  
A Ryabova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Observation

This publication demonstrates the possibility of dynamic observation of a patient with a diagnosis of a malignant brain tumor at the stages of combined treatment using SPECT with a new radiopharmaceutical drug 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Also in the described clinical case, an attempt was made to semi-quantitatively assess the accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose drug in the tumor, reflecting the dynamics of changes occurring in the tumor tissue under therapeutic effect. The SPECT data with 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the course of dynamic observation of the patient were supported by the results of MRI and, most importantly, by PET data with 11C-methionine. Based on the results presented, it was suggested that a promising method would appear for evaluating the results of treatment of malignant brain tumors, which is an alternative to PET with labeled amino acids, which favorably differ in the availability and cost of the diagnostic procedure.

scholarly journals The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Evita Athanasiou ◽  
Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽  
Fotini Boufidou ◽  
Athanassios Tsakris
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.

scholarly journals Macroscopic fluorescence-lifetime imaging of NADH and protoporphyrin IX improves the detection and grading of 5-aminolevulinic acid-stained brain tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael T. Erkkilä ◽  
David Reichert ◽  
Johanna Gesperger ◽  
Barbara Kiesel ◽  
Thomas Roetzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Lifetime Imaging

AbstractMaximal safe tumor resection remains the key prognostic factor for improved prognosis in brain tumor patients. Despite 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fluorescence guidance the neurosurgeon is, however, not able to visualize most low-grade gliomas (LGG) and infiltration zone of high-grade gliomas (HGG). To overcome the need for a more sensitive visualization, we investigated the potential of macroscopic, wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in selected human brain tumors. For future intraoperative use, the imaging system offered a square field of view of 11 mm at 250 mm free working distance. We performed imaging of tumor tissue ex vivo, including LGG and HGG as well as brain metastases obtained from 21 patients undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery. Half of all samples showed visible fluorescence during surgery, which was associated with significant increase in PPIX fluorescence lifetime. While the PPIX lifetime was significantly different between specific tumor tissue types, the NADH lifetimes did not differ significantly among them. However, mainly necrotic areas exhibited significantly lower NADH lifetimes compared to compact tumor in HGG. Our pilot study indicates that combined fluorescence lifetime imaging of NADH/PPIX represents a sensitive tool to visualize brain tumor tissue not detectable with conventional 5-ALA fluorescence.

scholarly journals Local delivery to malignant brain tumors: potential biomaterial-based therapeutic/adjuvant strategies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alghamdi ◽  
Mark Gumbleton ◽  
Ben Newland
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is associated with a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment for newly diagnosed patients involves total tumor surgical resection (if...

scholarly journals Peripheral circulation miRNA expression of pediatric brain tumors and its relation to tumor miRNA expression levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Bookland ◽  
Eileen Gillan ◽  
Xianyuan Song ◽  
Antonina Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Tumor Patient ◽  
Serum Mirna ◽  
Pediatric Brain

OBJECTIVEMicro RNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral biofluids (e.g., blood, saliva, urine) have been investigated as potential sources of diagnostic and prognostic information for a variety of tumor types, including pediatric brain tumors. While significant predictive associations have been identified between unique serum miRNA concentrations and some pediatric brain tumors, it is unclear whether serum miRNA abnormalities in pediatric brain tumor patients are representative of miRNA alterations in the tumor tissue compartment or whether they represent host tissue reactions to the presence of a brain tumor. The authors sought to identify whether serum miRNA changes in pediatric brain tumor patient sera could be explained by miRNA alterations within their tumors.METHODSMatched serum and tissue samples were taken from a cohort of pediatric brain tumor patients (juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma [JPA] = 3, medulloblastoma = 4, ependymoma = 3), and unmatched control samples (n = 5) were acquired from control pediatric patients without oncological diagnoses. Extracted RNAs were tested within an array of 84 miRNAs previously noted to be relevant in a variety of brain tumors.RESULTSmiR-26a-5p correlated strongly in JPA patients within both the serum and tumor tissue samples (R2 = 0.951, p = 0.046), and serum levels were highly predictive of JPA (area under the curve = 0.751, p = 0.027). No other miRNAs that were significantly correlated between biological compartments were significantly associated with brain tumor type. In total, 15 of 84 tested miRNAs in JPA patients, 14 of 84 tested miRNAs in ependymoma patients, and 4 of 84 tested miRNAs in medulloblastoma patients were significantly, positively correlated between serum and tumor tissue compartments (R2 > 0.950, p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe majority of miRNA changes in pediatric brain tumor patient sera that are significantly associated with the presence of a brain tumor do not correlate with brain tumor miRNA expression levels. This suggests that peripheral miRNA changes within pediatric brain tumor patients likely derive from tissues other than the tumors themselves.

scholarly journals The rationale for early detection and treatment of brain tumors in survivors of childhood cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Recht ◽  
Griffith Harsh IV ◽  
Harvey J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

Survivors of childhood cancer have a relatively high risk of developing second cancers. The incidence of brain tumor in these patients approaches 1% at 10 years, over 80-fold that in the general population. This high incidence increases the likelihood that early detection of brain tumors in survivors of childhood cancer is feasible. By analogy with other epithelial cancers, detection and treatment of brain tumors at a pre-neoplastic or premalignant stage may render screening and treatment cost effective for certain high-risk populations. Our animal studies with a clinically appropriate model of this condition suggest that there is a pre-neoplastic, pre-malignant brain tumor lesion that is potentially both detectable and effectively treated. The possibility of detecting such a treatable antecedent to brain tumors provides the rationale for genomic and proteomic screening of tumor tissue, CSF, plasma and urine in this animal model, of tumor tissue and body fluids of patients with known brain tumors at various stages, and of body fluids of survivors of childhood cancer.

Gender Differences in the Antioxidant Response to Oxidative Stress in Experimental Brain Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito ◽  
María Dolores Mayas ◽  
María Pilar Carrera-González ◽  
José Manuel Martínez-Martos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Background:Brain tumorigenesis is related to oxidative stress and a decreased response of antioxidant defense systems. As it is well known that gender differences exist in the incidence and survival rates of brain tumors, it is important to recognize and understand the ways in which their biology can differ.Objective:To analyze gender differences in redox status in animals with chemically-induced brain tumors.Methods:Oxidative stress parameters, non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidant defense systems are assayed in animals with brain tumors induced by transplacental N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) administration. Both tissue and plasma were analyzed to know if key changes in redox imbalance involved in brain tumor development were reflected systemically and could be used as biomarkers of the disease.Results:Several oxidative stress parameters were modified in tumor tissue of male and female animals, changes that were not reflected at plasma level. Regarding antioxidant defense system, only glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased in both brain tumor tissue and plasma. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased in brain tumor tissue of male and female animals, but plasma levels were only altered in male animals. However, different protein and mRNA expression patterns were found for both enzymes. On the contrary, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed increased levels in brain tumor tissue without gender differences, being protein and gene expression also increased in both males and female animals. However, these changes in GPx were not reflected at plasma level.Conclusion:We conclude that brain tumorigenesis was related to oxidative stress and changes in brain enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant defense systems with gender differences, whereas plasma did not reflect the main redox changes that occur at the brain level.

Analysis of mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture in patients with malignant brain tumor

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Yoshida ◽  
Ryuichi Tanaka ◽  
Masashi Ono ◽  
Nobuyuki Takai ◽  
Takafumi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tumor Specific Immune Response

✓ To ascertain whether tumor-specific immune response occurs in patients with malignant brain tumors, lymphocyte blastogenetic responses to tumor cells were examined in 18 patients prior to operation and other treatment. Among 12 patients with malignant glioma, the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) showed a positive blastogenetic response to their own glioma cells in seven (58.3%), whereas the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) showed a positive response in only three (25%). In four (66.7%) of six patients with metastatic brain tumors, however, both the PBL's and TIL's showed a positive blastogenetic response to their own tumor cells. In these four patients, this lymphocyte blastogenetic response to tumor cells were at a much lower level compared with phytohemagglutinin P or allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation. Furthermore, these responses were increased when the cells were cultured with interferon-γ (500 U). Other lymphokines had no effect on the response. This method appears to be useful in identifying the tumor-specific immune response in patients with malignant brain tumor.

Historical Overview of the “Firing” Liaison between Brain Tumors and Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842199231
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Natale ◽  
Federico Cucchiara ◽  
Guido Bocci
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Medical Interpretation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Working Hypotheses

This review addresses, in a critical historical perspective, the link between seizures and endocranic neoplasms. Folkloric descriptions of epilepsy can be found in writings from ancient cultures. Hippocrates first provided a medical interpretation. In 1770, Tissot published Traité de l’épilepsie, a milestone in epileptology, whereas the 19th century is considered the golden era of epileptic studies. In 1882, the father of modern epileptology, Jackson, in his article Localized Convulsions from Tumour of the Brain, reported a case of a patient affected by typical Jacksonian seizures in the presence of a brain tumor. However, he did not establish a direct correlation between brain tumors and epilepsy, and an explanation for his clinical case was lacking. Before Jackson’s article, other authors reported similar cases, but only Gairdner in 1834 published a report suggesting the concept of a direct relationship between epilepsy and a brain tumor. From the beginning until the mid of the 20th century several authors reported seizures attributed to intracranial tumors, and in recent years studies have focused on the pathogenesis of tumor-related seizures. Biochemical and molecular changes in brain tumors and their environment opened unprecedented working hypotheses on epileptogenesis and on treatment of epilepsy associated with brain tumors.

LOCAL HYPERTHERMIA IN TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
A. Ryabova ◽  
O. Gribova ◽  
V. Novikov ◽  
E. Choinzonov ◽  
Zh. Starceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Local Hyperthermia ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Unsatisfactory results of complex treatment for malignant brain tumors stimulate search of new effective methods of treatment. Radiation therapy is an integral part of the combined treatment but often does not influence lethally on resistant tumor cells. Thereby in recent decades there has been an active search for different modifiers, which can increase the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the universal sensitizers is the local hyperthermia. Experimental data showed that the effect of high temperatures had both a direct damaging effect on tumor cells and a sensitizing effect. The literature review given in the article provides an overview of the existing methods of the local hyperthermia for brain tumors treatment.

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