The Problem of Creating an Independent Supranational Currency and Its Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Свирчевский ◽  
Vadim Svirchevskiy ◽  
Юсим ◽  
Vyacheslav Yusim ◽  
Тархова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
International Level ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
New Type ◽  
Technological Civilization ◽  
Joint Classification

The article considers the drawbacks of modern monetary-currency systems and their nonconformity to the requirements of current and future technological possibilities of the most world’s countries is concluded. It is substantiated that the principle of benchmarking of currency purchasing power unit in modern monetary-currency systems causes such nonconformity. The evolution character of changing one another benchmarking methods of purchasing power is discussed. The classification of money types and monetary system classes according to a joint classification attribute: benchmarking method of purchasing power, is offered. The hypothesis of the existence of the law describing the correlation between the benchmarking method of currency purchasing power and the economic-technological civilization development level is grounded. The conclusion is drawn that a new type of virtual money with a constant purchasing power has to emerge as the result of this law effect at the national level. At the international level, in future the same demand for correspondence will firstly bring about the making up of supranational units of account of regional and political alliances of countries and then the emergence of supranational world’s currency with a constant purchasing power.

Petrology and classification of A‐9003, A 09535, and Y‐82094: A new type of carbonaceous chondrite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimura ◽  
R. C. Greenwood ◽  
M. Komatsu ◽  
N. Imae ◽  
A. Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
New Type

First Writings for the Stage (1580s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
David G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Lope De Vega ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
Comedia Nueva

In the 1580s, Cervantes turned to writing for the stage in pursuit of a career as a professional playwright, capitalizing on the popularity of the public theatres and the lucrative trade it produced. However, after a modicum of success his career was soon thwarted by the comedia nueva and the advent of Lope de Vega in the late-1580s would take that obsession to a national level. This chapter explores the first stage of Cervantes’s writing career prior to this new type of play establishing a monopoly on the tastes of the paying public.

The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Valery Yu. Shepitko ◽  
Mykhaylo V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
International Crime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Level

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

scholarly journals A Bottom-up picture of intra-national welfare regimes: the case of marginalised communities in Puerto Rico

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibrán Cruz-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Welfare Mix ◽  
National Welfare

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this article is twofold: (1) an examination of welfare regimes using a bottom-up approach, which enables a comprehensive analysis of welfare production based on recipients perceptions; and (2) an examination of more than one type of welfare-mix coexisting inside the national level across policy sectors. A classification of welfare regimes is carried out following a bottom-up approach and relying on the basis of the importance of welfare providers to satisfy social risks and promote well-being. Three traditional (e.g. state, market, family) and one alternative welfare providers (e.g. community) are considered. Data is collected through twenty semi-structured interviews in seven marginalised communities of Puerto Rico. The results show five configurations of intra-national welfare-mixes across the following welfare areas: housing, nourishment, health, education, maternity/paternity, disability, work-unemployment and older-age. This paper contributes to the theoretical proposals of intra-national welfare regimes, and alternatives providers in the welfare-mix.

Allee’s Effect Bifurcation in Generalized Logistic Maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950039
Author(s):  
J. Leonel Rocha ◽  
Abdel-Kaddous Taha
Keyword(s):  
Allee Effect ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Unimodal Maps ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Type ◽  
Local And Global Bifurcations ◽  
One Dimensional Maps ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This paper concerns the study of the Allee effect on the dynamical behavior of a new class of generalized logistic maps. The fundamentals of the dynamics of this 4-parameter family of one-dimensional maps are presented. A complete classification of the nature and stability of its fixed points is provided. The main results relate to the Allee effect bifurcation: a new type of bifurcation introduced for this class of unimodal maps. A necessary and sufficient condition so that the Allee fixed point is a snap-back repeller is established. In addition, in the parameters space is defined an Allee’s effect region, which determines the existence of an essential extinction for the generalized logistic maps. Local and global bifurcations of generalized logistic maps are investigated.

scholarly journals Irina Oberländer-Târnoveanu, Patrimoniul arheologic național: politici, documentare, acces / The National Archaeological Heritage: Policies, Documentation, Access

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
National Databases

Documentation of archaeological heritage is a fundamental tool for understanding and protection. Although we have a number of laws, conventions and recommendations to protect heritage at national, European and international level, their application in practice is not easy anywhere. Since 2000, The Romanian Ministry of Culture and CIMEC – The Institute for Cultural Memory (now a Department in the National Heritage Institute, since July 1, 2011) developed national databases for archaeological documentation, including sites, investigations and reports. By the end of 2013, there are three main archaeological databases at national level, all available online. The last 12 years means a great progress in regulating modern archaeology in Romania, agreeing national legislation with European and international ones, providing of tools and responses to the challenges of reality, primarily immediate threat to the archaeological heritage.

scholarly journals Analysis of the international impact of the Brazilian base “Qualis”-Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Rocha ◽  
RF Sabino ◽  
Alejandro Frery
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
International Level ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
International Context ◽  
International Impact ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

© 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. This work deals with the journals in the area of Education classified in the last available Brazilian Qualis database, period 2013–2016, seeking to analyze the alignment of the strata to international bibliometric criteria. The impact of a journal implies its internationalization, which is a standard adopted worldwide. This subject has been gaining prominence in higher education and research institutions, which began to consider the production of their researchers in indexed journals.Considering the national and international relevance and the fact that they aggregate publications from various fields, we used data from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The results show that belonging to the most relevant international bases is not among the Capes requirements for the classification of journals, and also that there is a relatively low number of journals with a real impact for scientific dissemination in the field of Education. The conclusions indicate that, in the current scenario, researchers in this field will continue to publish their work in journals with little or no impact, making the output of Brazilian research remain without prominence at an international level. To ensure that the Qualis stratification in the field of Education does not distance itself from the international context, it is necessary to adopt criteria that privilege factors such as adherence to WoS and Scopus, especially for the A1 and A2 journals, considered of highest quality.

scholarly journals The Future of International Statistical Data Sharing and New Issues of Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
O. E. Bashina ◽  
N. A. Komkova ◽  
L. V. Matraeva ◽  
V. E. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Metadata Generation

The article deals with challenges and prospects of implementation of the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) standard and using it in the international sharing of statistical data and metadata. The authors identified potential areas where this standard can be used, described a mechanism for data and metadata sharing according to SDMX standard. Major issues classified into three groups - general, statistical, information technology - were outlined by applying both domestic and foreign experience of implementation of the standard. These issues may arise at the national level (if the standard is implemented domestically), at the international level (when the standard is applied by international organizations), and at the national-international level (if the information is exchanged between national statistical data providers and international organizations). General issues arise at the regulatory level and are associated with establishing boundaries of responsibility of counterpart organizations at all three levels of interaction, as well as in terms of increasing the capacity to apply the SDMX standard. Issues of statistical nature are most often encountered due to the sharing of large amounts of data and metadata related to various thematic areas of statistics; there should be a unified structure of data and metadata generation and transmission. With the development of information sharing, arise challenges and issues associated with continuous monitoring and expanding SDMX code lists. At the same time, there is a lack of a universal data structure at the international level and, as a result, it is difficult to understand and apply at the national level the existing data structures developed by international organizations. Challenges of information technology are related to creating an IT infrastructure for data and metadata sharing using the SDMX standard. The IT infrastructure (depending on the participant status) includes the following elements: tools for the receiving organizations, tools for sending organization and the infrastructure for the IT professionals. For each of the outlined issues, the authors formulated some practical recommendations based on the complexity principle as applied to the implementation of the international SDMX standard for the exchange of data and metadata.

scholarly journals GEOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE MONETARY GLOBALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 3 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 395-408
Author(s):  
Oleksandr SHAROV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Globalization ◽  
International Level ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Author defines monetary globalization and examines the historical process of spreading money and cash nexus across the globe. It is stated that money developed almost simultaneously in three great civilizations (Europe, India, China), but over time the Hellenistic form of money absorbed and universalized all other forms of money. The author examines in detail the process of distribution of metallic and then credit form of money and their impact on economic globalization. All these processes occurring both in the markets of separate countries or small regions and at the international level (where money started to act as global currency almost immediately after its appearance) constitute the essence of the monetary globalization. The author dwells on the post-Bretton Woods period of development of the World Monetary System, believing that the extensive phase of monetary globalization has come to an end at this stage and its further development will be caused by fundamental qualitative changes.

scholarly journals On the issue of chemical mechanism and soil salinity degree determination: Russian and foreign practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Manzhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
International Level ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Soil Salt

Purpose: analysis of the currently available approaches to determining the chemical mechanism and degree of soil salinity. In the course of research, the researches of Russian and foreign scientists, Russian and foreign methodological documents in the field of determining the degree and type of land salinization were studied. The methods of data analysis, processing and generalization were used. Discussion. The retrospective analysis of the Russian and foreign practices of assessing the degree and types of soil salt degradation was made by the author. The main indicators, assessed in the process of determining the degree and chemistry of soil salinization, as well as the methods for their determination, generally accepted in Russia and abroad, are given. Identification of these characteristics is of great importance in planning and carrying out reclamation activities aimed at increasing soil fertility, preventing soil degradation and loss of agricultural and commercial value. Conclusions. Based on a retrospective analysis of various possibilities for determining and classification of soil salt degradation, it was concluded that there are various methods oriented both to individual characteristics of soils in order to identify their unfavorable salt composition, and to different approaches to the procedures and methods of diagnosis. The main purpose of identifying the salt imbalance in agricultural lands composition is the possibility of preserving and improving their fertility, which, undoubtedly is carried out through reclamation measures in the case of their degradation. In order to develop uniformity in assessment and interpretation of data on the salt composition of soils, the degree of their salinity and the need for one or another type of reclamation work, it is necessary to develop a system of indicators based on the experience of Russian and foreign scientists with international practices. The development of the specified regulatory and methodological documentation should be focused on the international level, take into account all possible indicators affecting the accuracy of determination, excluding unnecessary details.

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