scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF ELEMENTS OF STRIP-TILL TECHNOLOGY UNDER A SUNFLOWER IN THE CENTRAL PRECAUCASIA ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kuzychenko ◽  
Rasul Gadzhiumarov ◽  
Arsen Dzhandarov
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Inverse Power Law ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The need to introduce new progressive technologies for sunflower cultivation in Stavropol Territory is based on an analysis of trends in the development of arable land for this crop over the last ten-year period from 2010 to 2020. A significant annual increase in the areas under sunflower in the arid zone by an average of 3.9 thousand hectares and a tendency for this indicator to increase in zones of unstable and sufficient moisture by 0.55 and 1.0 thousand hectares have been established. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the modernized soil cultivation system in the Strip-till technology for sunflower in the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory on the southern chernozem, poorly humified in comparison with the traditionally adopted cultivation system. A distinctive feature of the new strip-till soil cultivation system is continuous disc stubble cultivation with the Catros harrow 8 - 10 cm instead of leaving untreated stubble strips. In the process of research, using the method of the theory of dimensions, an inverse power-law dependence was derived, showing that the smaller the weighted average diameter of the aggregates D, the higher the soil density P, taking into account the correction factor C for a certain type of soil. It was found that under relatively favorable moisture conditions in 2019 and in the dry season of 2020, spring moisture accumulation under strip-till was higher than under traditional ones by 12 and 8 mm, respectively. Cultivation of sunflower, with preliminary disc processing of stubble and the formation of strips with slots for sowing crops, following the Strip-till technology, is more effective in comparison with the traditionally adopted technology in the southeast of the Stavropol Territory, since an average increase in sunflower yields over the years by 0.20 t/ha with a higher profitability of 31%

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Łęgi jesionowo-wiązowe w dolinie środkowej Wisły – stan ekosystemów pozbawionych zalewów i wytyczne do działań ochronnych = Riparian hardwood forests in the valley of the middle Vistula – ecosystem condition in the absence of flooding, and guidelines for protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalska ◽  
Andrzej Affek ◽  
Edyta Regulska ◽  
Jacek Wolski ◽  
Bogusława Kruczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Riparian hardwood forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus spp and Fraxinus spp that are present along major rivers are valuable communities protected by the EU Habitat Directive and recommended for monitoring. Part of the reason for that is relative rarity on the scale of Europe as a whole, and also in Poland. This in turn reflects the way in which fertile habitats were, in their majority, deforested long ago, drained and changed into grasslands or arable land. Additionally, the greater part of these habitats have lost their specific features, as a result of river engineering and – primarily – the construction of the river embankments that have acted to limit flooding and alluvial processes, in that way also initiating change in the composition of both soils and plant communities. Specifically, this article presents selected results of the research project: Riparian hardwood forest services in the middle Vistula river valley. One of the main objectives thereof was to assess the condition of forest ecosystems from which flooding has now been absent for at least 50 years, as well as to prepare guidelines for actions necessary to maintain or restore their diversity, and proper ecological and biological functions. Our research questions therefore revolved around components of riparian hardwood forest ecosystems have been most changed … and why? The research was conducted in six riparian hardwood forests (to date unmonitored) located in the valley of the middle Vistula (in Mazowieckie voivodship). Relevant work was carried out using the standard monitoring guidelines – as primarily based on an assessment of vegetation composition and structure together with water conditions. However, in the work in question, these were augmented by additional analyses allowing for detailed characterisations of soil, the topoclimate, and the species diversity achieved by selected groups of invertebrate (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus and Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae). The communities selected represent multi-functional, species-rich forests. Extensive use of the studied riparian mixed forests ensures that deadwood resources are quite considerable. Moreover, the studied forests exert a strong impact when it comes to mitigation of climate locally. The observed soil types indicate fertile and biologically-active habitats, as well as to soil development largely determined by the height of the groundwater table causing the gleyic process in the lower parts of profiles. However, in some forest patches it is possible to note transformations related to habitat drying, with significant canopy gaps and disturbances of topsoil and the undergrowth. There was a great abundance of invasive alien plant species (mainly Impatiens parviflora) in the undergrowth. Moisture conditions have an impact on the occasional occurrence of Lumbricidae associated with wet and flooded areas. In turn, the domination by Bombus of open-habitat species indicates a transformation of forest structure, and the patchy nature of riparian forests located in a rural landscape. The obtained results demonstrate that protective actions should focus on ensuring adequate soil-moisture conditions, and on restoring the natural structure of vegetation with a view to invasions of alien species being hampered. Another important issue is the proper use of land adjacent to forest patches, as fallows prove to be invaded quickly by the kenophytes preferring abandoned and disturbed places.

scholarly journals Land reclamation in agriculture of the Khabarovsk territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
A. B. Hachiev ◽  
V. P. Babakov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Soil Cultivation

The area of fallow agricultural land in the Khabarovsk territory is 354090 hectares. They are examined for reclamation and further use. Hydro-reclamation and repair of old drainage systems with soil cultivation should be carried out on an area of 174381 hectares. The area of arable land is gradually increased by 66.2-126.0 thousand hectares and includes rainfed land, reconstructed old drainage systems, as well as plowing of cultivated forage lands.

FEATURES OF USING A GROUND LASER PROFILER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF SOIL CULTIVATION ON AGRICULTURAL SLOPE LANDSCAPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
SERGEY A. VASILIEV ◽  
◽  
VIKTOR А. ALEKSEEV ◽  
MIKHAIL A. VASILIEV ◽  
ALEKSEI A. VASILIEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Equal Height

The authors analyze an extensive set of data for measuring the daily surface profi le of the cultivated soil to assess its agrotechnical parameters. The research was carried out on a small agricultural catchment area of the Orininsky rural settlement, which is located in the Morgaushy district of the Chuvash Republic. Three agricultural fi elds were selected, ranging from 25 ha to 53 ha. The studied areas were cultivated in various ways: plowing with harrowing, disking the soil and winter plowing. The profi les of the studied elementary sections were measured using a developed ground-based circular laser profi lometer. Data on the state of the profi le were used to determine the main agrotechnical parameters - clumping, cloddiness, surface slope, and deviation of the travel trajectory of a machine and tractor unit from the line of equal height. A software tool for processing and analyzing data received from sensors has been developed. The results established that the deviation of the projection of the greatest elevation line changes (measured by the slope) from the travel trajectory of a unit with an angle of 62, a slope of 6.5, and in a quantitative size distribution soil aggregates of 1…4 inches in diameter prevail. The weighted average diameter of the clods was 3.99 cm. The research results have determined the use of recommend methods for stating the agrotechnical parameters of the daylight surface to evaluate the cultivated soil in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.

The Fauna of injurious Soil Insects of Arable Land

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Ghilarov
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
White Grub ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Summer Fallow

Clean summer fallow is often recommended for reducing wireworm and white-grub infestations, but our investigations on this subject, conducted during the years 1933–35 at the Ukrainian Rubber Plants Experimental Station (near Kremenchug) showed that in arable fertile “ chernozem ” soil there is no significant decrease in the number of these pests after a clean summer fallow. These divergent results led us to suppose that the reaction of various species of wireworms and white-grubs to soil cultivation and fallow may be different.

scholarly journals Trace Element Content in the Soils of the Forest-Steppe of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Goman ◽  
Igor Bobrenko ◽  
Oleg Matveychik ◽  
Valentina Popova ◽  
Elena Bobrenko
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Loamy Soil

This research is based on local monitoring in 1994-2018 on reference plots of agricultural lands and materials of a large-scale agrochemical survey. The research examined the soils of the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Region: ordinary chernozem low-power low-humus heavy loamy soil; meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus heavy loamy soil; and solonetz meadow chernozemic deep low humus clay soil. It was found that almost the entire surveyed area of arable land in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Irtysh Land (98.1 %) had low mobile zinc availability with an average level of 0.85 mg/kg. 41.1% of arable land had low mobile manganese availability, 41.3% had medium and 17.6% had high availability; the weighted average was 13.0 mg/kg. Most of the arable land was characterized by a low degree of mobile copper content security (81.2%), while 18.3% of the land had soil with an average content, and only 0.5% of the land had high mobile copper content. The average concentration was 20.0 mg/kg. The soil levels of mobile molybdenum availability wereas follows: 71.6% of land had medium availability, 26.5% had high, and only 1.9% had low; the weighted average concentration was 0.20 mg/kg. All soils had a high degree of mobile forms of boron, while the weighted average was 2.69 mg/kg of soil. 67.8% of the area had low mobile cobalt availability, 31.6% had average availability, and 0.5 % had high availability, with an average concentration of 0.16 mg/kg in the zone. The reference plots did not differ in terms of their content of mobile zinc, copper, and cobalt, ordinary chernozems, meadow chernozem soils, and deep solonetz. Movable connections of molybdenum, manganese, and boron in ordinary chernozem were lower than in meadow chernozem soil, and the maximum ones were observed in solonetz meadow chernozemic deep. Keywords: trace elements, content, soil, survey, dynamics, Omsk region

scholarly journals Thermokarst Development Detected from High-Definition Topographic Data in Central Yakutia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Saito ◽  
Yoshihiro Iijima ◽  
Nikolay Basharin ◽  
Alexander Fedorov ◽  
Viktor Kunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Topographic Data ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aerial Systems

Eastern Siberia is characterized by widespread permafrost thawing and subsequent thermokarst development. Estimation of the impacts of the predicted rise in precipitation and air temperatures under climate change requires quantitative knowledge about the spatial distribution of thermokarst development. In the last few years, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and structure-from-motion multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry attracted a tremendous amount of interest for acquiring high-definition topographic data. This study detected characteristics of thermokarst landforms using UAS and SfM-MVS photogrammetry at a disused airfield (3.0 ha) and for arable land that was previously used for farming (6.3 ha) in the Churapcha area, located on the right bank of the Lena River in central Yakutia. Orthorectified photographs and digital terrain models with spatial resolutions of 4.0 cm and 8.0 cm, respectively, were obtained for this study. At the disused airfield site and the abandoned arable land, 174 and 867 high-centered polygons that developed after the 1990s were detected, respectively. The data showed that the average diameter and average area of the polygons at the disused airfield site were 11.6 m and 111.2 m2, respectively, while those of the polygons in the abandoned arable land were 7.4 m and 46.8 m2, respectively. The abandoned arable land was characterized by smaller polygons and a higher polygon density. The differences in polygon size for the abandoned arable land and the disused airfield site indicate a difference in the ice wedge distributions and thermokarst developments. The subsidence rate was estimated as 2.1 cm/year for the disused airfield site and 3.9 cm/year for the abandoned arable land.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION ON THE CONTENT OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-630
Author(s):  
E.V. Kuzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of methods of basic soil cultivation and fertilizer rates on the content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Experiments were laid in 2012–2018 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation and the doses of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional regime with the continuous and local placement of crop residues. The following methods of soil cultivation were studied: 1. Moldboard – (plowing by 20–22 cm PLN-4-35) control; 2. Mouldboardless – (SibIME stands for 20–22 cm), 3. Shallow comb-cultivator – (OP-3S for 10–12 cm), 4. Shallow mulching tillage – (OPO-4.25 for 10–12 cm), 5. Without the main autumn tillage, 6. Peeling with a stubble spreader – (OP-3S by 6–8 cm), 7. Ridge-curling – (OPP-3S with soil deepening up to 30–32 cm). Against the background of treatments for crop rotation, fertilizers were applied in doses of N0P0K0; N30P30K30; N60P60K60. It was found that, against a natural background, the best nitrifying ability was possessed by ridge cultivation with soil deepening, at which the weighted average value of the nitrate nitrogen content was 3.94 mg/100 g, which is 37% more than at zero, by 45% at shallow and 57–58% for conventional moldboard and moldless processing. Plowing improved the conditions for phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 14–27% and 6–11% in comparison with other treatments. When N30P30K30 и N60P60K60 were introduced into the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 48% and 84%, phosphorus and potassium by 6% and 17% compared to the non-fertilized background.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CROPS CULTIVATION FOR GRAIN-CROP ROTATION IN VOLGO-VYATSKY REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivenin ◽  
Aleksandr Sakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Energy Coefficient

The research was carried out in order to find new technological and technical solutions that ensure the energy efficiency of agriculture, stabilization and increase in the yield of agricultural crops for the rotation of grain crop rotation in Volga-Vyatka region. The field experiment was started in 2014 in Nizhny Novgorod region. The work was carried out in grain crop rotation: 1. mustard for seeds; 2. winter wheat; 3. soy; 4. spring wheat; 5. peas; 6. oats. The experimental scheme included 5 systems of tillage (factor A), differing in the methods of the main autumn tillage. For each system of soil cultivation, the influence of mineral fertilizers and destructors of plant residues (factor B) was determined. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the most energetically payback option of the main soil cultivation system is autumn plowing with a plow with dumps (energy coefficient 2.93). The use of a plow without plows, a Pottinger Synkro 5030 K chisel cultivator and a Discover XM 44660 nothad disc harrow in a soil cultivation system leads to a decrease in the energy coefficient to 2.84 ... 2.85; and the use of no-till technology - up to 1.88. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the greatest energy return was provided by systems with fall plowing, carried out both with a plow with dumps and without them, as well as with disking as the main soil cultivation in combination with the use of the biological product Stimix®Niva - energy coefficients were in the range of 3 , 03 ... 3.31. When using no-till technology, the highest value of this indicator was noted when N60P60K60 was applied separately (2.27) and together with the biological product Stimix®Niva (2.53). The maximum energy return in the experiment was recorded in the variant with the main tillage of the soil with a Pottinger chisel cultivator against the background of N60P60K60 together with the biological product Stimix®Niva - the average energy coefficient was 3.45

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