scholarly journals Stability of Bilocal Relationships – Conditions and Development Paths An Analysis of the First and Second Wave of Pairfam

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Dorbritz ◽  
Robert Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
One Year ◽  
Second Wave

Bilocal relationships have lost their status as an exclusive living arrangement. They occur almost as frequently as unmarried cohabiting couples and can be found in virtually all social groups. Nevertheless, they are characterised by a set of very specific traits. The causes behind the increasing number of bilocal relationships can on the one hand be seen in a tendency towards greater individualisation, i.e. the desire for greater individual autonomy, and on the other hand in increasing demands for work-related mobility, which can only be met by separate households. It is generally assumed that one defining characteristic of bilocal relationships is that they are rather short-lived and often merely seen as a temporary or stopgap solution. On the basis of the first and second wave of the pairfam survey, the aim of this paper is to investigate the general circumstances of bilocal relationships and its implications for their future stability. The central question is which conditions lead to the continuation or the breakup of a bilocal relationship or to an eventual shared household. When looking at wave one and wave two in comparison (i.e. a time period of one year), profound changes have already occurred regarding continuation or breakup. From those bilocal relationships found in wave one, more than half of the age-group questioned had not changed their chosen relationship type. The smaller portion of respondents had separated and thus ended bilocality (just over 10 %). The remaining bilocal relationships had increased their level of institutionalisation by becoming spouses or cohabitants. As regarding the development from wave one to wave two, it becomes apparent through the results of a multivariate analysis that the general circumstances of older respondents should be judged differently than those of younger ones. The work-related constellation between the two partners, spatial proximity, educational homogamy, previous experience in cohabitating and intentions in regard to separation or moving in together are explaining factors for the continuation of a bilocal relationship, the set-up of a shared household or a breakup.

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN A SEAWATER POND FOR CREATING A SATOUMI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Maeda ◽  
Mari Maeda ◽  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Ken Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Hyogo Prefecture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

In 2006, Hyogo prefecture opened the “Araihamakaze” park on reclaimed land leased with cooperation from some companies, and set up a seawater pond called “Konourafuna Ike” in the park. The initial plan was to make this seawater pond into a Satoumi, but since the water in the pond was stagnant, algae flourished making it uninhabitable for other living creatures. The authors conducted investigative research to implement activities for improving the environment and popularizing the park. This report is a summary of the results obtained and challenges faced while conducting these activities in the area over one year, which included involving the local schoolchildren in constructing tidal flats. The answers to the questionnaire revealed that schoolchildren understood that the nutrients in the seawater pond “go round and round” through the food chain and are utilized by living creatures. They realized that this process is called “circulation.”To the question, “Do you want to develop tidal flats?” 9 of the 10 children answered YES. However, only 50% of the children understood that a measure to prevent the degradation of the environment of the seawater pond is to “Construct tidal flats,” which suggested that there is a need to correlate the issues and the solutions to enhance their understanding.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in conflict border regions: a case of South Kordofan, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Mohammed Bashir Adam ◽  
Joseph Kawuki ◽  
Emmanuel Olal
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
South Kordofan

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Sudan on 13 March 2020. Since then, Sudan has experienced one of the highest rates of COVID-19 spread and fatalities in Africa. One year later, as per 22 March 2021, Sudan had registered 29,661 confirmed cases and 2,028 deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 6.8 %. By 12 December 2020, of the 18 states in Sudan, South Kordofan had the fifth highest CFR of 17.4 %, only surpassed by the other conflict affected North (57.5 %), Central (50.0 %) and East (31.8 %) Darfur States. By late March 2021, just three months from December 2020, the number of cases in South Kordofan increased by 100 %, but with a significant decline in the CFR from 17.4 to 8.5 %. South Kordofan is home to over 200,000 poor and displaced people from years of destructive civil unrests. To date, several localities such as the Nubba mountains region remain under rebel control and are not accessible. South Kordofan State Ministry of Health in collaboration with the federal government and non-governmental organizations set up four isolation centres with 40 total bed capacity, but with only two mechanical ventilators and no testing centre. There is still need for further multi-sectoral coalition and equitable allocation of resources to strengthen the health systems of rural and conflict affected regions. This article aims at providing insight into the current state of COVID-19 in South Kordofan amidst the second wave to address the dearth of COVID-19 information in rural and conflict affected regions.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19: The Strategies Adapted by Pakistani Students to Overcome Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Gul Muhammad Baloch ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Karuthan Chinna ◽  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
University Policies ◽  
One Year

COVID-19 has speedily immersed the globe with 72+ million cases and 1.64 million deaths, in a span of around one year, disturbing and deteriorating almost every sphere of life. This study investigates how students in Pakistan have coped with the COVID-19. Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for measuring anxiety and the coping strategies were measured on four strategies i.e., seeking social support, humanitarian, acceptance, and mental disengagement. Among 494 respondents, 61% were females and 77.3% of the students were in the age group of 19–25 years. The study findings indicate that approximately 41 percent of students are experiencing some level of anxiety, including 16% with severe to extreme levels. Seeking social support seemed to be the least preferred coping strategy and that female students seek social support, humanitarian, and acceptance coping strategies more than males. Students used both emotion-based and problem-based coping strategies. The variables of gender, age, ethnicity, level and type of study, and living arrangement of the students were associated with usage of coping strategies. Findings showing that students do not prefer to seek social support. The study outcomes will provide basic data for university policies in Pakistan and the other countries with same cultural contexts to design and place better mental health provisions for students.

scholarly journals How Fatigue Is Experienced and Handled by Female Outpatients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Beck ◽  
Palle Bager ◽  
Peter Errboe Jensen ◽  
Jens F. Dahlerup
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
One Year

Background. Fatigue is a significant aspect of everyday life for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and it influences their health-related quality of life. Little is known about fatigue from the patient’s perspective.Aim. To investigate how female IBD patients experience and handle fatigue.Methods. The study included 11 female outpatients. These patients were 40–59 years old and had IBD ≥ one year and a significantly increased fatigue score. Patients with severe active IBD, anaemia, comorbidity, or pregnancy were excluded. The included patients agreed to participate in a semistructured interview. The interviews were analysed using Malterud’s principles of systematic text condensation.Results. The patients described physical and mental symptoms of fatigue that led to social-, physical-, and work-related limitations with emotional consequences. To handle fatigue, the patients used planning, priority, acceptance, exercise, and support. Two of the eleven patients used exercise on a regular basis. Surprisingly, some patients indicated that they did not need to talk with professionals about their fatigue unless a cure was available. Conclusion. Fatigue in IBD includes physical and mental symptoms that limit the patients’ social-, physical-, and work-related lives. Despite this, some patients expressed that they had chosen to accept their fatigue.

Een slechte start en dan?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk-Jan Dirven ◽  
Wouter van der Torre ◽  
Seth van den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Employment Quality

A bad start and what then? The work situation of self-employed entrepreneurs with negative and positive start motives This article assesses the extent to which the quality of labor varies between solo self-employed who set up a business for negative reasons and those who started for positive reasons. A negative reason is, for example, not being able to find a suitable job as an employee; an example of a positive reason is wanting to be self-employed from the very beginning. Quality of labor is measured according to the person's financial situation, security of employment, quality of the working environment and work satisfaction. In the analysis, data are used from the Self-employment Survey conducted by Statistics Netherlands and TNO. Compared to self-employed persons with a positive motivation, those who were negatively motivated show lower performance in terms of their business's financial situation, income position, work-related mental fatigue (burn-out), self-perceived health status, concern about the business's future and the level of satisfaction. However, in absolute terms, the vast majority appear to be satisfied with their work situation, enthusiastic and not intending to quit self-employment.

scholarly journals Hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals in correlation to CD4 counts and ART status

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Raman Thulasi ◽  
D Manimaran ◽  
G Hemanathan ◽  
Tameem Afroz ◽  
Radha Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

Background: HIV is pandemic and remains as a public health concern for many decades. This infection though associated with many opportunistic infections and neoplasms, it is further complicated with marked hematological abnormalities. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude & severity of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals and also to analyze these abnormalities in correlation with the CD4 counts. We also compared these hematological abnormalities in patients on ART and those not on ART.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period of one year, on 120 HIV positive cases including both patients on ART & not on ART. Controls with similar age and sex distribution was set up. The blood samples were collected and processed in an automated cell counter. The parameters were tabulated and analyzed with respect to CD4 count & ART status.Results: Among the total of 120 HIV cases, 77% had anemia, 21% had leucopenia and 5% had thrombocytopenia. The magnitude and severity of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and other parameters was found to be more in patients not on ART, when compared to patients on ART. Similarly, the magnitude and severity of most of hematological abnormalities were inversely proportional to the CD4 count in non-ART cases but not with cases on ART.Conclusion: The basic hematological parameters can be used as a prospective screening test to assess the severity and progression of HIV infection when CD4 count is not available. These parameters can also be used to assess the response to anti-retroviral treatment. Therefore, these basic hematological investigations readily available at all medical centers are of great use while treating HIV infected patients.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 14-18 

scholarly journals Cytokine signature and COVID-19 prediction models in the two waves of pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Cabaro ◽  
Vittoria D’Esposito ◽  
Tiziana Di Matola ◽  
Silvia Sale ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractIn Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed. Here, we have investigated whether common patterns of cytokines could be detected in individuals with mild and severe forms of COVID-19 in two pandemic waves, and whether machine learning approach could be useful to identify the best predictors. An increasing trend of multiple cytokines was observed in patients with mild or severe/critical symptoms of COVID-19, compared with healthy volunteers. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) clearly recognized the three groups based on cytokine patterns. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) further indicated that IL-6 discriminated controls and COVID-19 patients, whilst IL-8 defined disease severity. During the second wave of pandemics, a less intense cytokine storm was observed, as compared with the first. IL-6 was the most robust predictor of infection and discriminated moderate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, regardless of epidemic peak curve. Thus, serum cytokine patterns provide biomarkers useful for COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Further definition of individual cytokines may allow to envision novel therapeutic options and pave the way to set up innovative diagnostic tools.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation vs COVID-19: the Case of Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Iida
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Contracts ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Business Sectors

Whilst the DX policy of the Japanese government started in 2001, then called the E-Japan Strategy and being replaced a few years later by the i-Japan Strategy, in the 20 years since then IT has not been a success in Japan’s administrative system. On the other hand, the private sector, concerned about Japan’s lagging in its adoption of information technology, has been gradually moving forward to DX measures, such as electronic contracts. Then, this year, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. Japan is (as of July 2020) about to experience a second wave of this disease. The need for DX has become imperative in all aspects of Japanese society, especially the government and business sectors. In the first half of 2020, the government set up DX policy rapidly; for example, civil court proceedings, the traditional carve seals custom, and the submission of administrative documents to government agencies have also been forced to move forward to DX due to COVID-19. It might be said that the crisis has been the catalyst for Japan’s shift to DX. However, it will be at least a few years before it can be known whether Japan’s DX will succeed, looking at the past examples within the Japanese bureaucratic system and politicians’ attitudes towards DX.

Private Provision of ‘outreach’ Clinics to Fundholding General Practices in England

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kerrison ◽  
Roslyn Corney
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Medical Specialist ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Outreach Clinic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Relative Quality

Objectives: To establish the contribution of the private sector in providing outpatient ‘outreach’ clinics in general practitioner fundholding practices. Method: Postal survey of all 13 first-wave fundholders and four of the 13 second-wave fundholders in the former South East Thames Region of the National Health Service in 1995. Results: Fourteen practices responded. Ten practices had set up at least one medical specialist ‘outreach’ clinic and 12 at least one paramedical clinic since becoming fundholders. Eight practices reported their arrangements for consultant ‘outreach’ clinics and ten practices their arrangements for paramedical clinics. Forty-nine per cent of the total medical specialist hours and 46% of total paramedical hours were provided by private practitioners. The largest number of hours provided privately was in gynaecology. Conclusion: This small study identified considerable private provision of fundholders' ‘outreach’ clinics. However, there is no system in the NHS to monitor the extent of this market, the types of activities undertaken or the relative quality and cost of the services provided.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Anne Parker ◽  
Anne van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Contested Space ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second Wave

This volume returns to Beauvoir, to Irigaray, and to a critical dialogue between their projects. The motivation is not to produce dutiful interpretations that ignore their limits; rather the task here is to identify the most incisive moments of these bodies of work to articulate the trajectories that we find in these projects, ones that they set up as well as ones that they did not and could not have anticipated. We return to Beauvoir and Irigaray because the richness of their thought far exceeds the reductive parameters of a largely white, Eurocentric, bourgeois second-wave debate and because the fecundity these projects as well as an adequate critique of their work remains largely still to be elaborated. We hope that positioning them in critical dialogue will open up one possible richly complex and contested space for multiplicitous contemporary feminist theories.

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