scholarly journals Structural features of the intervertebral disc in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
M. V. Pankiv ◽  
Ye. V. Paltov ◽  
Z. Z. Masna ◽  
I. V. Chelpanova ◽  
M. Ye. Kovalska
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Vertebral Disc ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Made In

The aim of our work was to study the structural organization of the components of vertebral disc of rats on the microscopic level in the normal state.This goal was achieved by means of microscopic method of visualization of cellular components of the intervertebral disc of rats. Histological preparations were made in accordance with the conventional method of using the dye hematoxylin, eosin and azan according to the method of Heidenhain, PAS reaction according to MacManus and Alcian blue according to Steedman.As a result of the microstructural study, it was ascertained that the rat’s intervertebral disc normally consists of a gelatinous (pulpal) nucleus and a fibrous ring. It is separated from the vertebral bodies by a thin layer of cartilaginous tissue of the locking plates and hyaline cartilage, which covers the bodies of adjacent vertebrae. The data that rats do not have locking plates can be rarely found in the literature. The vessels verging the intervertebral disc radially -in front, back and from the sides, branch out from the vessels of vertebral periosteum. In the cartilaginous tissue of intervertebral disc, vessels are not visualized.

Algorithms structural and parametric synthesis of remote control and diagnostics systems of mobile measuring points

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
A. I. Tatarinov
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Control System ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Parametric Synthesis ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
Made In

With the help of the general and structurally-information schemes of remote control, an analysis was made in the course of which the requirements for protection against unauthorized access of the complex system were clarified and established. In the article structural features of the remote control system of mobile measuring points of rocket and space equipment are considered. These features are represented by the requirements for information protection, as well as the operating modes of this system. The list of these regimes was obtained as a result of studies of structural and functional schemes of a remote control system for mobile measuring points.

Developments in Rechargeable Mno2Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Made In

AbstractConsiderable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

scholarly journals There are two major types of skeletal keratan sulphates

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Nieduszynski ◽  
T N Huckerby ◽  
J M Dickenson ◽  
G M Brown ◽  
G H Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
High Field ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Neuraminic Acid ◽  
Keratan Sulphate

High-field 1H-n.m.r.-spectroscopic studies supported by chemical carbohydrate analyses show that skeletal keratan sulphates (KS-II) of bovine origin may be sub-classified into two groups. Keratan sulphate chains from articular and intervertebral-disc cartilage (KS-II-A) contain two structural features, namely alpha(1----3)-fucose and alpha(2----6)-linked N-acetyl-neuraminic acid residues, that are absent from keratan sulphates from tracheal or nasal-septum cartilage (KS-II-B).

Corrosion of Si3N4-Ceramics in Acids and Basics

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schilm ◽  
Mathias Herrmann ◽  
G. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics ◽  
Made In

The corrosion behavior of silicon nitride materials in aqueous media strongly depends on the composition and amount of the grain boundary. But there exist no systematic investigations of the relation between the corrosion behavior and the composition and amount of the grain-boundary phase. The subject of this study is based on the evaluation of the corrosion mechanisms of Si3N4 ceramics and YSiAlON glasses, both with defined and characterized compositions, in acidic and basic environments with different concentrations. Special effort has been made in describing the compositions of grain boundary phases in the sintered Si3N4 ceramics. A model to describe structural features of YSiAlON-glasses was developed which allows the correlation of the corrosion behavior of the ceramics and the glasses with their compositions. In combination with SEM and TEM investigations it became possible to give structural reasons for the different observed corrosion mechanisms.

Hierarchical Structure of the Intervertebral Disc

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cassidy ◽  
A. Hiltner ◽  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Collagenous Tissues

AbstractThe intervertebral disc is a complex hierarchical structure composed of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus which are anchored to the vertebral bodies by cartilaginous endplates. The hierarchical structure of the collagenous components of the intervertebral disc is characterized using optical microscope techniques. In the lamellae of the annulus, collagen fibers exhibit a planar crimped morphology similar to that seen in other collagenous tissues. A model of the intervertebral disc has been developed that incorporates the structure of the collagen fibers on the macro- and microscopic scales.Mechanical testing in load-deflection, stress relaxation, and creep modes reveals the response at each level of organization to compression. These mechanical data are analyzed with models that reflect the hierarchical composite structure.

Structural features and nucleotide-binding capability of the C subunit are integral to the regulation of the eukaryotic V1Vo ATPases

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grüber
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Subunit C ◽  
Reversible Dissociation ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
C Subunit ◽  
Vacuolar Atpases ◽  
Made In

V-ATPases (vacuolar ATPases) are responsible for acidification of intracellular compartments and, in certain cases, proton transport across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. They are composed of a catalytic V1 sector, in which ATP hydrolysis takes place, and the Vo sector, which functions in proton conduction. The best established mechanism for regulating the V-ATPase activity in vivo involves reversible dissociation of the V1 and Vo domains, in which subunit C is intimately involved. In the last year, impressive progress has been made in elucidating the structure of the C subunit and its arrangement inside the V-ATPase. Nucleotide occupancy by subunit C, followed by conformational changes of this subunit has shed light on the mechanism of V-ATPase regulation.

scholarly journals Structural Design and its Improvements Through the Development of the XF3-30 Engine

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekatsu Kikuchi ◽  
Kiyoshi Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Qualification Test ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
Made In

The XF3-30 engine has been successfully completed its Qualification Test at March 1986 and the production has started as the powerplant for Japan Self Defence Force’s intermedeate trainer T-4. The first flight of the T-4 powered by two XF3-30 engine was made on the 29th July 1985. More than 500 test flights have been made in these two years and engine flight time has accumulated to over 1,500 hours. This XF3-30 engine has been imposed strict requirements of the structural integrity to meet the MIL-E-5007D specification. This paper describes the structural features of this engine and some structural problems encountered through the development. The improvements for these development problems are covered.

scholarly journals Intervertebral disc homeostasis at normal conditions and during pathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
A E Kobyzev
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Complex Structural

Intervertebral discs are rather complex structural units of the spine. It is believed that a disturbance of the factors of their homeostasis immediately leads to changes in the bone tissue of the vertebral bodies and, consequently, to pathological changes at the level of the vertebral-motor segment. It follows that the maintenance of normal metabolism within the discs is one of the key directions in the prevention of many clinically important lesions involving the entire vertebral complex. The causes of metabolic processes disorders in the intervertebral disc can be divided into several levels: chronic diseases that directly affect the blood supply to the spinal column as a whole; diseases that affect the permeability of the capillary zone of the subchondral zone of the vertebral bodies; disturbances in the delivery of nutrients into the disc through its matrix, which serves an important selective barrier. However, regardless of the level of the causes of metabolic disorders, all of which eventually lead to anatomical and functional changes in the intervertebral discs and to their subsequent incapacity to provide the daily life cycle of the vertebral complex, consisting of periods of stress and relaxation. Thus, based on the known literature data we can conclude that: the intervertebral discs to date, remain poorly understood elements, however even from a narrow range of studies on this subject it is evident that their functionality is largely dependent on the properties of the disc matrix and the interstitial nature of metabolic processes.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of the Reproduction of the Lumbar Spine Elements Following CT and MRI Projections

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-538
Author(s):  
Paweł Kroczak ◽  
Konstanty Skalski ◽  
Andrzej Nowakowski ◽  
Adrian Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Vertebral Disc ◽  
New Type ◽  
Smoothing Procedure ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract The paper presents an analysis of factors influencing the accuracy of reproduction of geometry of the vertebrae and the intervertebral disc of the lumbar motion segment for the purpose of designing of an intervertebral disc endoprosthesis. In order to increase the functionality of the new type of endoprostheses by a better adjustment of their structure to the patient’s anatomical features, specialist software was used allowing the processing of the projections of the diagnosed structures. Recommended minimum values of projection features were determined in order to ensure an effective processing of the scanned structures as well as other factors affecting the quality of the reproduction of 3D model geometries. Also, there were generated 3D models of the L4-L5 section. For the final development of geometric models for disc and vertebrae L4 and L5 there has been used smoothing procedure by cubic free curves with the NURBS technique. This allows accurate reproduction of the geometry for the purposes of identification of a spatial shape of the surface of the vertebrae and the vertebral disc and use of the model for designing of a new endoprosthesis, as well as conducting strength tests with the use of finite elements method.

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