scholarly journals Psychoeducation and Philosophy in a Literature Class – the Case of "Five Hours with Mario" by Miguel Delibes

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(60)) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Ewelina Topolska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Miguel Delibes ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
Closed Society ◽  
Literature Class

The paper presents a novel approach towards the analysis of a classic Spanish 20th century novel, Five Hours with Mario by Miguel Delibes. The author of the paper proposes two interpretative frameworks, of which The Moral Foundations Theory developed recently by Jonathan Haidt is the main one, and Karl Popper’s concept of the open and closed society, a complementary one. The interdisciplinary reading of Delibes’ masterpiece should help students and scholars revive and update their relationship to this worthwhile piece of fiction, as well as provide them with theoretical tools for an in-depth understanding of the differences between the moral outlook of liberals and conservatives, tools applicable both on the level of fiction, as well as in reality.

scholarly journals The Defilement of Dina: Uncontrolled Passions, Textual Violence, and the Search for Moral Foundations

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-309
Author(s):  
Yitzhaq Feder
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Social Psychologist ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Textual Violence ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
Shed Light

The story of Dinah’s violation in Genesis 34 has elicited radically different evaluations among exegetes. The present article attributes these divergent readings to the existence of distinct voices or moral positions in the text, particularly in relation to the issue of intermarriage. Beginning with a synchronic literary and ideological analysis of the narrative, the present reading will examine whether the multi-vocal state of the text should be best understood as an expression of ambivalence, of redactional history, or otherwise. A key tool in this analysis is the moral foundations theory developed by social psychologist Jonathan Haidt and his colleagues. This theory can help shed light on the ideological tendencies and rhetorical techniques reflected in this text, particularly the significance of the repeated references to the defilement of Dinah. This synchronic reading will also suggest the basis for a diachronic analysis of the story, demonstrating how narrative features of the final form of the text offer clues to the scribal tendencies involved in editing it. Finally, these literary, historical, and psychological dimensions are integrated to better contextualize the paradoxical relationship between defilement and ethnicity in the story.


scholarly journals ‘Moral dumbfounding’: Moral Foundations Theory for the classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Glenn Y. Bezalel
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Jonathan Haidt

There has been a growing literature among philosophers of education on how to frame questions of moral controversy in the classroom. Through the application of hard moral cases that may be said to leave one ‘morally dumbfounded’, I take up Michael Hand’s influential epistemic criterion and attempt to show why its monistic approach is too limited in its ability to capture the complexity of such moral dilemmas. Rather, I argue that the classroom requires a pluralist moral framework, as exemplified by the Moral Foundations Theory, developed by Jonathan Haidt. Not only does Moral Foundations Theory consider the liberal ethic of autonomy, it also extends consideration to the ethics of community and divinity, which is crucial for meeting the broader aims of moral and religious education, such as developing reason, identity and cultural understanding.

Navigating Shakespeare’s Moral Compass

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Neema Parvini
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
History Plays ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Great Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
Jonathan Haidt

At a time when some feel that Western civilization is at a moment of crisis – and in which many are taking stock and looking for meaning – this chapter introduces a book which looks, as so many previous generations have looked, to the great literature of the past for some insight, and perhaps even for some guidance. Crucially responding to the call to update the methods and assumptions of literary analysis, this chapter builds on the author’s previous books, Shakespeare’s History Plays (2012) and Shakespeare and Cognition (2015) in seeking to move beyond historicism by adapting concepts taken from latest psychological research. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first outlines history Moral Foundations Theory (“MFT”), pioneered by Jonathan Haidt. The second refines the latest thought on literary character and cognition, before expanding on how it might be usefully employed in approaching the question of morality in Shakespeare’s plays.

Validation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire with three Chinese ethnic groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory

Moral foundations theory is claimed to be universally applicable and is classified into 5 foundations of morality: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, respect/subversion, and purity/degradation. This theory has not been tested in the Eastern cultural context. Therefore, in this study I addressed this lack in the context of China, where there are people of a number of different ethnicities. I adopted the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, which was completed by 761 Chinese of Han, Uygur, and Tibetan ethnicity. The results show that there was no gender difference in morality foundation scores, but the differences among ethnic groups were significant: Tibetans scored lower than did Han and Uygur in care and fairness, and Uygur scored higher than Han and Tibetans did in loyalty, respect, and purity. The interactions between gender and ethnic group were significant for care, fairness, and respect. These findings suggest that moral foundations theory is applicable to China, that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire can also be partially applied to Chinese, and that ethnicity is an influential factor when people make moral judgments.

Political Orientations and Morality Judgments in the Turkish Context: Considering the Roles of the Needs for Cognition and Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989990
Author(s):  
Burcu Tekeş ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
Fatih Özdemir ◽  
Bengi Öner-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Collectivistic Culture

The aims of this study were to test: (a) the association of political orientations with morality orientations, specified by moral foundations theory, on a sample of young adults from Turkey, representing a collectivistic culture; and (b) the statistically mediating roles of needs for cognition and recognition in the links between political orientation and morality endorsements. According to the results (a) right-wing orientation and need for recognition were associated with all the three binding foundations (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity); (b) right-wing orientation was associated with binding foundations also indirectly via the role of need for recognition; (c) regarding individualizing foundations, left-wing orientation and need for cognition were associated with fairness/reciprocity, whereas only gender was associated with harm/care; and (d) left-wing orientation was associated with fairness dimension also indirectly via the role of need for cognition. The cultural relevance of moral foundations theory as well as the roles of needs for cognition and recognition are discussed.

Permitted to Build? Moral Foundations in Newspaper Framing of Mosque-Construction Controversies

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Bowe
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
American Media ◽  
Permitting Process

Recent proposals by American Muslims to build mosques have been met with technical and ideological opposition during the permitting process. This article examines the framing of these debates in newspaper stories between 2010 and 2013 to better understand the socially constructed position Muslims hold in American media and public spheres. Connecting framing and Moral Foundations Theory, this analysis identifies five frames: Local Regulation, Political Debate, Muslim Neighbors, Islamic Threat, and Legal Authority. These frames emphasized binding moral foundations related to in-group protection and deference to authority. A binary logistic regression found that moral evaluations were associated with mosque support, but not mosque opposition.

scholarly journals Shifting Liberal and Conservative Attitudes Using Moral Foundations Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin V. Day ◽  
Susan T. Fiske ◽  
Emily L. Downing ◽  
Thomas E. Trail
Keyword(s):  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory

scholarly journals Moral Foundations of Welfare Attitudes: The Role of Moral Intuition and Reasoning in Pursuing Social Justice

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Andrej Findor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Abstract The article interconnects the research on welfare attitudes and welfare chauvinism with moral psychology in order to develop an interdisciplinary analytical approach designed for studying attitudes to welfare policies and potentially overcoming the divisions prevalent in many European democracies. It introduces Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) - an empirical approach to analysing intuitions, reasoning, and emotions constituting moral judgment - and outlines its understanding of competing versions of fairness and distributive justice. The potential contributions of MFT are exemplified on a case study situated in contemporary Slovakia which deals with two conflicting conceptions of fairness, as equity and as equality, embodied in the diverging attitudes towards an amendment to the Act on the Assistance in Material Need (2013). The article argues that MFT and related research programmes are irreplaceable components in an interdisciplinary study of the plurality of welfare policy attitudes. It also highlights the transformative potential of MFT and related research programmes in devising interventions aimed at changing (political) attitudes to welfare and reducing their polarisation.

scholarly journals Act versus Impact: Conservatives and liberals exhibit different structural emphases in moral judgment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Hannikainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Trolley Problem ◽  
Expected Outcomes

Conservatives and liberals disagree sharply on matters of morality and public policy. We propose a novel account of the psychological basis of these differences. Specifically, we find that conservatives tend to emphasize the intrinsic value of actions during moral judgment, in part by mentally simulating themselves performing those actions, while liberals instead emphasize the value of the expected outcomes of the action. We then demonstrate that a structural emphasis on actions is linked to the condemnation of victimless crimes, a distinctive feature of conservative morality. Next, we find that the conservative and liberal structural approaches to moral judgment are associated with their corresponding patterns of reliance on distinct moral foundations. In addition, the structural approach uniquely predicts that conservatives will be more opposed to harm in circumstances like the well-known trolley problem, a result which we replicate. Finally, we show that the structural approaches of conservatives and liberals are partly linked to underlying cognitive styles (intuitive versus deliberative). Collectively, these findings forge a link between two important yet previously independent lines of research in political psychology: cognitive style and moral foundations theory.

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