The Variance Learning Curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam Bavafa ◽  
Jónas Oddur Jónasson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cumulative Experience

The expansive learning curve literature in operations management has established how various facets of prior experience improve average performance. In this paper, we explore how increased cumulative experience affects performance variability or consistency. We use a two-stage estimation method of a heteroskedastic learning curve model to examine the relationship between experience and performance variability among paramedics at the London Ambulance Service. We find that, for paramedics with lower experience, an increase in experience of 500 jobs reduces the variance of task completion time by 8.7%, in addition to improving average completion times by 2.7%. Similar to prior results on the average learning curve, we find a diminishing impact of additional experience on the variance learning curve. We provide an evidence base for how to model the learning benefits of cumulative experience on performance in service systems. Our findings imply that the benefits of learning are substantially underestimated if the consistency effect is ignored. Specifically, our estimates indicate that queue lengths (or wait times) might be overestimated by as much as 4% by ignoring the impact of the variance learning curve in service systems. Furthermore, our results suggest that previously established drivers of productivity should be revisited to examine how they affect consistency, in addition to average performance. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

The Learning Curve in Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction. The impact on the Surgical Time and Postoperative Clinical Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2874-2876
Author(s):  
Teodor Negru ◽  
Stefan Mogos ◽  
Ioan Cristian Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Single Bundle ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Impact

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury. The objective of the current study was to evaluate if the learning curve has an impact on surgical time and postoperative clinical outcomes after anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using an outside-in tunnel drilling hamstrings technique. The learning curve has a positive impact on surgical time but has no influence on postoperative clinical outcomes at short time follow-up.

scholarly journals 845 Flattening the Learning Curve: The Evaluation of Extended Laparoscopic Simulation Training for Novice Surgeons

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Joiya ◽  
M Hamid ◽  
Z Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Novice Group ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Novice Surgeons

Abstract Introduction Associated with faster postoperative recovery, reduced length of hospital stays and scarring; laparoscopy has become the favoured approach for many surgical procedures across a range of specialties. However, due to its challenging learning curve, it has also been associated with increased theatre time and higher complication rates. Method A prospective, observational study with box trainers was carried out by novice medical students and trainees to evaluate the efficacy of long duration courses on skill acquisition. The novice group undertook a 5-week curriculum composed of lectures, demonstrations and spaced timed-assessments involving 3 tasks: hoop placement, stacking of sugar cubes and surgical cutting. Results Time taken for novice participants to complete a task individually and collectively improved markedly from the first to the third attempt, with an overall 44% reduction in time observed over the 5-weeks. We invited back 6 novice participants and 6 core surgical trainees after 4-weeks to complete the same tests. There was a further 18% time improvement in the novice group, with 44% faster task completion. Conclusions Given the success of this study and other simulation courses reported in the literature, we recommend more courses adopt a spaced-out approach; and a simulation curriculum for surgical trainees to cultivate greater skill acquisition.

Institutional Quality and Trade Flow: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia and Other OIC Member Countries in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 097508782098717
Author(s):  
Hammed Agboola Yusuf ◽  
Luqman Olanrewaju Afolabi ◽  
Waliu Olawale Shittu ◽  
Kafilah Lola Gold ◽  
Murtala Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of institutional quality on bilateral trade flow between Malaysia and selected 25 African Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries. Four institutional qualities were selected from World Governance Indicators with other trade predictors from the period from 1985 to 2016. Using gravity model of trade and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation method (PPML) technique, the results confirm that government effectiveness, regulatory quality and political stability have an adverse effect on bilateral trade flow among the OIC countries in Africa. On the other hand, these institutional quality variables were considered as a strength for Malaysian economic growth. Therefore, better institutional quality reforms are needed among OIC member countries in Africa in order to accelerate trade, economic growth and development in their region.

scholarly journals Reliability Assessment of a Multi-State HVDC System by Combining Markov and Matrix-Based Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Roberto Benato ◽  
Antonio Chiarelli ◽  
Sebastian Dambone Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to highlight that, in order to assess the availability of different HVDC cable transmission systems, a more detailed characterization of the cable management significantly affects the availability estimation since the cable represents one of the most critical elements of such systems. The analyzed case study consists of a multi-terminal direct current system based on both line commutated converter and voltage source converter technologies in different configurations, whose availability is computed for different transmitted power capacities. For these analyses, the matrix-based reliability estimation method is exploited together with the Monte Carlo approach and the Markov state space one. This paper shows how reliability analysis requires a deep knowledge of the real installation conditions. The impact of these conditions on the reliability evaluation and the involved benefits are also presented.

scholarly journals The impact of translation modality on user experience: an eye-tracking study of the Microsoft Word user interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guerberof Arenas ◽  
Joss Moorkens ◽  
Sharon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

AbstractThis paper presents results of the effect of different translation modalities on users when working with the Microsoft Word user interface. An experimental study was set up with 84 Japanese, German, Spanish, and English native speakers working with Microsoft Word in three modalities: the published translated version, a machine translated (MT) version (with unedited MT strings incorporated into the MS Word interface) and the published English version. An eye-tracker measured the cognitive load and usability according to the ISO/TR 16982 guidelines: i.e., effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction followed by retrospective think-aloud protocol. The results show that the users’ effectiveness (number of tasks completed) does not significantly differ due to the translation modality. However, their efficiency (time for task completion) and self-reported satisfaction are significantly higher when working with the released product as opposed to the unedited MT version, especially when participants are less experienced. The eye-tracking results show that users experience a higher cognitive load when working with MT and with the human-translated versions as opposed to the English original. The results suggest that language and translation modality play a significant role in the usability of software products whether users complete the given tasks or not and even if they are unaware that MT was used to translate the interface.

scholarly journals Polyphenols and Cognition In Humans: An Overview of Current Evidence from Recent Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniel Joseph Lamport ◽  
Claire Michelle Williams
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing interest in the impact of dietary influences on the brain throughout the lifespan, ranging from improving cognitive development in children through to attenuating ageing related cognitive decline and reducing risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenols, phytochemicals naturally present in a host of fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa and other foods, have received particular attention in this regard, and there is now a substantial body of evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies examining whether their consumption is associated with cognitive benefits. The purpose of this overview is to synthesise and evaluate the best available evidence from two sources, namely meta-analyses and systematic reviews, in order to give an accurate reflection of the current evidence base for an association between polyphenols and cognitive benefits. Four meta-analyses and thirteen systematic reviews published between 2017–2020 were included, and were categorised according to whether they reviewed specific polyphenol-rich foods and classes or all polyphenols. A requirement for inclusion was assessment of a behavioural cognitive outcome in humans. A clear and consistent theme emerged that whilst there is support for an association between polyphenol consumption and cognitive benefits, this conclusion is tentative, and by no means definitive. Considerable methodological heterogeneity was repeatedly highlighted as problematic such that the current evidence base does not support reliable conclusions relating to efficacy of specific doses, duration of treatment, or sensitivity in specific populations or certain cognitive domains. The complexity of multiple interactions between a range of direct and indirect mechanisms of action is discussed. Further research is required to strengthen the reliability of the evidence base.

scholarly journals The Impact of Notification Modality and Ambient Sound on Users’ Mobile Interaction

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsiung Chen ◽  
Miao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Mobile Interaction ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impacts of different notification modalities used in low and high ambient sound environments for mobile phone interaction. Three different notification modalities—Shaking Visual, Shaking Visual + Vibration, and Vibration—were designed and experimentally tested by asking users to conduct a maze task. A total of 72 participants were invited to take part in the experiment through the convenience sampling method. The generated results indicated that (1) the notification modality affects participants’ task completion time, (2) the error rate pertinent to the number of notifications is positively related to the participants’ task completion time, and (3) the ambient sound level and notification modalities impact the overall experience of the participants. The main contributions of this study are twofold. First, it verifies that the multi-dimensional feature of a Shaking Visual + Vibration synesthesia notification design is implementable. Second, this study demonstrated that the synesthesia notification could be feasible for mobile notification, and it was more perceptible by the users.

Embedding employability within higher education for the profession of policing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Ian Pepper ◽  
Ruth McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an employability module, the College of Policing Certificate in Knowledge of Policing (CKP), on students’ career aspirations, their confidence and wish to join the police along with the appropriateness of the module. This will inform the implementation of employability as part of the College of Policing-managed Police Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF). Design/methodology/approach A three-year longitudinal research study used mixed methods across four points in time to evaluate the impact on students studying the employability module. Findings The research suggests that the employability-focussed CKP was useful as an introduction to policing, it developed interest in the police and enhanced the confidence of learners applying to join. Lessons learnt from the CKP should be considered during the implementation of the PEQF. Research limitations/implications The ability to generalise findings across different groups is limited as other influences may impact on a learner’s confidence and employability. However, the implications for the PEQF curriculum are worthy of consideration. Practical implications As the police service moves towards standardised higher educational provision and evolution of policing as a profession, lessons can be learnt from the CKP with regards to the future employability of graduates. Originality/value Enhancing the employability evidence base, focussing on policing, the research identified aspects which may impact on graduates completing a degree mapped to the PEQF. The research is therefore of value to higher education and the professional body for policing.

The Impact of Informative Tutoring Feedback and Self-Efficacy on Motivation and Achievement in Concept Learning

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Narciss
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Outcome Feedback ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation And Achievement

Abstract. Informative tutoring feedback (ITF) provides assisted multiple response tries by offering strategically useful information for task completion as opposed to simply offering the solution. Previous studies on ITF focused on its effects on achievement. The present studies examine the assumption that ITF affects not only achievement, but also motivational variables such as task engagement, effort, persistence, and satisfaction with performance. In two experiments, students differing in self efficacy (SE) for identifying concepts worked on concept identification tasks. In cases of incorrect hypothesis about the concept, they received either outcome feedback or ITF. Results reveal that motivation and achievement depend on both SE and type of feedback. Future research should examine in more detail how ITF affects the self-enhancing processes between on-task motivation, achievement, and self-evaluation.

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