Seeking Purity, Avoiding Pollution: Strategies for Moral Career Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Reid ◽  
Lakshmi Ramarajan
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Moral Career ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
Timing Of Entry ◽  
Over Time

This study builds theory on how people construct moral careers. Analyzing interviews with 102 journalists, we show how people build moral careers by seeking jobs that allow them to fulfill both the institution’s moral obligations and their own material aims. We theorize a process model that traces three common moral claiming strategies that people use over time: conventional, supplemental, and reoriented. Using these strategies, people accept or alter purity and pollution rules, identify appropriate jobs, and orient themselves to specific audiences for validation of their moral claims. People’s careers are punctuated by reckonings that cause them to reconsider how their strategies fulfill their moral and material aims. Experiences of gender and racial discrimination, access to alternate occupational identities, and timing of entry into the occupation also shape people’s movement between strategies. Over time, people combine these moral claiming strategies in different ways such that varying moral careers emerge within the same occupation. Overall, our study shows how people can build moral careers by actively revising purity and pollution rules while holding fast to institutional moral obligations. By theorizing careers as an ongoing series of moral claiming strategies, this research contributes novel ideas about how morals weave through and organize relationships between people, careers, and institutions.

scholarly journals Bayesian modeling and prediction of accrual in multi-regional clinical trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Deng ◽  
Xiaoxi Zhang ◽  
Qi Long
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Poisson Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Accrual Rate ◽  
Model Region ◽  
Over Time

In multi-regional trials, the underlying overall and region-specific accrual rates often do not hold constant over time and different regions could have different start-up times, which combined with initial jump in accrual within each region often leads to a discontinuous overall accrual rate, and these issues associated with multi-regional trials have not been adequately investigated. In this paper, we clarify the implication of the multi-regional nature on modeling and prediction of accrual in clinical trials and investigate a Bayesian approach for accrual modeling and prediction, which models region-specific accrual using a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and allows the underlying Poisson rate in each region to vary over time. The proposed approach can accommodate staggered start-up times and different initial accrual rates across regions/centers. Our numerical studies show that the proposed method improves accuracy and precision of accrual prediction compared to existing methods including the nonhomogeneous Poisson process model that does not model region-specific accrual.

scholarly journals Male and Female Partner-Caregivers’ Burden: Does It Get Worse Over Time?

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joukje C Swinkels ◽  
Marjolein I Broese van Groenou ◽  
Alice de Boer ◽  
Theo G van Tilburg
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
General View ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Objectives The general view is that partner-caregiver burden increases over time but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the pathways underlying caregiver burden may differ between men and women. This study examines to what degree and why partner-caregiver burden changes over time. It adopts Pearlin’s Caregiver Stress Process Model, as it is expected that higher primary and secondary stressors will increase burden and larger amounts of resources will lower burden. Yet, the impact of stressors and resources may change over time. The wear-and-tear model predicts an increase of burden due to a stronger impact of stressors and lower impact of resources over time. Alternatively, the adaptation model predicts a decrease of burden due to a lower impact of stressors and higher impact of resources over time. Research Design and Methods We used 2 observations with a 1-year interval of 279 male and 443 female partner-caregivers, derived from the Netherlands Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum Data Set. We applied multilevel regression analysis, stratified by gender. Results Adjusted for all predictors, caregiver burden increased over time for both men and women. For female caregivers, the impact of poor spousal health on burden increased and the impact of fulfillment decreased over time. Among male caregivers, the impact of predictors did not change over time. Discussion and Implications The increase of burden over time supports the wear-and-tear model, in particular for women. This study highlights the need for gender-specific interventions that are focused on enabling older partners to be better prepared for long-term partner-care.

Fast Tracks and Inner Journeys: Crafting Portable Selves for Contemporary Careers

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Petriglieri ◽  
Jennifer Louise Petriglieri ◽  
Jack Denfeld Wood
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mobile Working ◽  
Over Time

Through a longitudinal, qualitative study of 55 managers engaged in mobile careers across organizations, industries, and countries, and pursuing a one-year international master’s of business administration (MBA), we build a process model of the crafting of portable selves in temporary identity workspaces. Our findings reveal that contemporary careers in general, and temporary membership in an institution, fuel people’s efforts to craft portable selves: selves endowed with definitions, motives, and abilities that can be deployed across roles and organizations over time. Two pathways for crafting a portable self—one adaptive, the other exploratory—emerged from the interaction of individuals’ aims and concerns with institutional resources and demands. Each pathway involved developing a coherent understanding of the self in relation to others and to the institution that anchored participants to their current organization while preparing them for future ones. The study shows how institutions that host members temporarily can help them craft selves that afford a sense of agentic direction and enduring connection, tempering anxieties and bolstering hopes associated with mobile working lives. It also suggests that institutions serving as identity workspaces for portable selves may remain attractive and extend their cultural influence in an age of workforce mobility.

scholarly journals Collaborative method to maintain business process models updated

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Castela ◽  
Paulo Dias ◽  
Marielba Zacarias ◽  
José Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Business Process Model ◽  
Business Process Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

Business process models are often forgotten after their creation and its representation is not usually updated. This appears to be negative as processes evolve over time. This paper discusses the issue of business process models maintenance through the definition of a collaborative method that creates interaction contexts enabling business actors to discuss about business processes, sharing business knowledge. The collaboration method extends the discussion about existing process representations to all stakeholders promoting their update. This collaborative method contributes to improve business process models, allowing updates based in change proposals and discussions, using a groupware tool that was developed. Four case studies were developed in real organizational environment. We came to the conclusion that the defined method and the developed tool can help organizations to maintain a business process model updated based on the inputs and consequent discussions taken by the organizational actors who participate in the processes.

Imprinting Beyond the Founding Phase: How Sedimented Imprints Develop over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1600
Author(s):  
Lien De Cuyper ◽  
Bart Clarysse ◽  
Nelson Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

In this study, we build on the foundational observations of Selznick and Stinchcombe that organizations bear the lasting imprint of their founding context and explore how characteristics shaped during founding are coherently carried forward through time. To do so, we draw on an ethnography of a social venture where the entrepreneurs left soon after founding. In examining how an initial organizational imprint evolves beyond a venture’s founding phase, we focus on the actions and interactions of organizational members, the founders’ imprint, the venture’s new leadership, and the external environment. The process model we develop shows how the organizational imprint evolves as a consequence of the interplay between top-down and bottom-up forces. We first find that the initial imprint is transmitted through a bottom-up mechanism of imprint reinforcement, and second, that the venture is reimprinted after the founding period through two processes which we call imprint reforming and imprint coupling. The result of this is the formation of a sedimented imprint. Our findings further illuminate that, although the initial imprint sticks, its function and manifestation changes over time.

The communicative constitution of institutional change in expression games

2020 ◽  
pp. 147612702095925
Author(s):  
Marc Krautzberger ◽  
Emamdeen Fohim ◽  
François Cooren ◽  
Thomas Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
First Moment ◽  
Over Time

Neo-institutional theory has recently advanced our understanding of the early phase of institutional change but presupposes contexts in which verbally and nonverbally expressing the intended institutional change within a group is already possible. We develop a process model that explains how change agents conceal and reveal their intentional work on institutional change over time to avoid painful sanctions and counteractions. The model describes how change agents proceed from the first moment of forming the intention to promote institutional change until change is sedimented through diffused taken-for-granted behavior. It advances the understanding of how individual and collective actors communicatively influence the macro-pathways of institutional change. The model offers new insights into the very first moments of institutional change processes, the ability to change institutions, the role of ambiguity in change processes, and how change agents slowly and fundamentally change institutions.

scholarly journals Breaking the vicious circle of subsidiary isolation: a meta-synthesis of subsidiary initiative-taking

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
MAIKE SIMON ◽  
SUSANNE ROYER
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose of the paper: We aim at contributing to the current controversial discussion on the vicious circle of subsidiary isolation. Therefore, we (1) strive for a better understanding of the different stages of initiative undertaking and (2) investigate how subsidiaries can make use of this process to attract HQ attention and break out of isolation. Methodology: Building on Schmid et al.'s (2014) process model of subsidiary initiative development, we adopt a meta-synthesis as our research strategy and combine and interpret the findings from a set of systematically chosen case studies. Results: Our findings suggest that the impact of subsidiary characteristics varies considerably over time during the process. For the case of isolated subsidiaries, we adapt Schmid et al.'s (2014) process model and show how an isolated subsidiary can attract HQ attention due to subsidiary initiative taking at the subsidiary level. Research limitations: The included case studies have not been conducted to answer our research questions and our search strategy may have excluded further relevant studies. Practical implications: While managers of less-embedded subsidiaries should be aware of possible HQ resistance and show persistence over time, HQ managers should use HQ monitoring and reporting to detect silent, but motivated subsidiaries. Further, HQ managers are challenged to balance their (positive) attention towards subsidiaries. Originality of the paper: The paper is original in its use of a meta-synthesis that enables a more holistic and finer-grained understanding of subsidiary initiative processes and draws the attention to aspects that are underrepresented in the current body of subsidiary initiative research.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of (De)Stigmatization: Boundary construction in the nascent category of organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Siltaoja ◽  
Merja Lähdesmaki ◽  
Nina Granqvist ◽  
Sami Kurki ◽  
Petteri Puska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
The Core ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
External Power ◽  
Boundary Construction ◽  
Over Time

This study finds that it is possible for organizations in emerging categories to resist stigmatization through discursive reconstruction of the central and distinctive characteristics of the category in question. We examined the emerging market of organic farming in Finland and discovered how resistance to stigmatization was both an internal and an external power struggle in the organic farming community. Over time, the label of organic farming was manipulated and the practice of farming was associated with more conventional and familiar contexts, while the stigma was diverted at the same time to biodynamic farming. We develop a process model for removal of stigma from a nascent category through stigma diversion. We find that stigma diversion forces the core community to (re)define themselves in relation to the excluded community and the mainstream. We also discuss how notoriety can be an individuating phenomenon that helps categorical members conduct identity work and contributes to stigma removal.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial thinking and action in opportunity development: A conceptual process model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Tommy Høyvarde Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Lateral Translation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article develops a conceptual process model of how founders develop entrepreneurial ideas into opportunities. Drawing on translation theory, I conceptualise opportunity development as a process of translation between three interlinked but distinct entities over time: ostensive ideas (abstract entrepreneurial ideas), performative ideas (context-specific entrepreneurial ideas) and venture offerings. Whereas ostensive and performative ideas reside in the realm of conceptual and entrepreneurial thinking, venture offerings reside in actual business worlds and entrepreneurial action. The model identifies learning about the abstract nature of the entrepreneurial idea itself (ostensive) through lateral translation and abstraction and separates this from developing a concrete manifestation of the idea in time and space (performative) through vertical translation and concretisation. This is different from the venture offering, which is a specific empirical translation of the performative idea. Entrepreneurs receive feedback about the viability of the venture offering from social interaction that influence further opportunity development. The model portrays opportunity development as a triple-looped process driven by distinct types of translation, lateral, vertical and empirical. It clarifies the relationship between entrepreneurial ideas and entrepreneurial opportunities and maps the role of thinking and action in this regard.

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