scholarly journals Modern extirpation of the Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator, in Oklahoma: changing land use and climate over a century of time as the road to eventual extinction

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Janet Kay Braun ◽  
Brandi S. Coyner ◽  
Michael A. Mares
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
The Road ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Kangaroo Rat ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
History Information

Surveys conducted during three years (2014-2017) provide the most extensive documentation to date for the possible presence of the Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator), a Tier II species considered to be of greatest conservation need, in seven counties in southwestern Oklahoma.  The project encompassed 15 surveys on 93 nights; 266 localities were surveyed for a total of 9,094 trap nights and more than 32,428 km of paved and unpaved roads were surveyed for potential habitat and activity.  No Texas kangaroo rats were captured or observed.  However, 2,178 individuals of 17 mammal species were captured and individuals of 12 additional mammal species were collected and/or observed.  New locality and natural history information for mammal species was obtained and six county records were recorded based on specimens and/or observations.  Project results and historical information suggest that the Texas kangaroo rat (D. elator) is likely extirpated from the state of Oklahoma.

scholarly journals Climate Change and More Disturbed Land-Use Types will Further the Invasion of a Non-Native Annual Grass, Ventenata Dubia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Jane Mangold ◽  
Lisa J. Rew
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Road Corridors

Abstract Many land uses are highly prone to invasion of new non-native plant species under changing climate. Identification of suitable habitat for invasive weeds and their projected infestation extent across different land use cover types under a changing climate is crucial for the broad management goals of prevention, detection, and rapid response. In this study, we adopted an ensemble approach of species distribution models to project potential habitat of the invasive annual grass, Ventenata dubia, along the road corridor of Gallatin county, Montana, USA, under current and future climates. The model prediction of V. dubia habitat was excellent. The climate predictors most correlated with V. dubia occurrence were precipitation, potential evapo-transpiration, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and solar radiation for months during the growing season, and fall germination. The model projected 1,945 and 7,374 km2 under RCP4.5, and 2,306 and 11,050 km2 for road corridors and Gallatin county, respectively. We found that the projected increases in V. dubia infestations were highest for road corridors (239% under RCP4.5 and 302% under RCP8.5) compared to that of Gallatin County (127% under RCP4.5 and 241% under RCP8.5). Among the land class types, the model projected greatest expansion of V. dubia cover across agriculture land with 425% and 484% and grassland with 278% and 442% increase under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. We conclude that V. dubia with a short history of invasion is expanding at an alarming rate challenging the status quo and requires greater investment in detection and monitoring to prevent further expansion.

From Silent Spring to The Frog of War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
History Information ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents two examples to demonstrate that natural history is the necessary basis of any reliable understanding of the world. More than a half century ago, Rachel Carson revolutionized the public’s view of pesticides. The foundation of her success was the careful use of natural history data, collated from across North America. The examples she assembled left little doubt that DDT and other pesticides were causing a widespread decline in birds. More recently, the case for the impact of atrazine on wildlife was based on laboratory experiments, without the advantage of natural history observations. For atrazine, natural history observations now suggest that other chemical agents are more likely to be responsible for feminization of wildlife populations. Developing expectations for scientists to collect natural history information can help to avoid over-extrapolating lab results to wild populations, a tendency often seen when those lab results conform to preconceptions about chemicals in the environment.

The physiopathology of spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcivan Batista de Morais Filho ◽  
Thiago Luis de Holanda Rego ◽  
Letícia de Lima Mendonça ◽  
Sulyanne Saraiva de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Lima da Nóbrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of

Abstract Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, despite being less common, it presents more aggressively and leads to more severe sequelae than ischemic stroke. There are two types of HS: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), differing not only in the site of bleeding, but also in the mechanisms responsible for acute and subacute symptoms. This is a systematic review of databases in search of works of the last five years relating to the comprehension of both kinds of HS. Sixty two articles composed the direct findings of the recent literature and were further characterized to construct the pathophysiology in the order of events. The road to the understanding of the spontaneous HS pathophysiology is far from complete. Our findings show specific and individual results relating to the natural history of the disease of ICH and SAH, presenting common and different risk factors, distinct and similar clinical manifestations at onset or later days to weeks, and possible complications for both.

scholarly journals A Cellular Automata Model for Integrated Simulation of Land Use and Transport Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Nuno Pinto ◽  
António P. Antunes ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Particle Swarm Algorithm ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
The City

Cellular automata (CA) models have been used in urban studies for dealing with land use change. Transport and accessibility are arguably the main drivers of urban change and have a direct influence on land use. Land use and transport interaction models deal with the complexity of this relationship using many different approaches. CA models incorporate these drivers, but usually consider transport (and accessibility) variables as exogenous. Our paper presents a CA model where transport variables are endogenous to the model and are calibrated along with the land use variables to capture the interdependent complexity of these phenomena. The model uses irregular cells and a variable neighborhood to simulate land use change, taking into account the effect of the road network. Calibration is performed through a particle swarm algorithm. We present an application of the model to a comparison of scenarios for the construction of a ring road in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results show the ability of the CA model to capture the influence of change of the transport network (and thus in accessibility) in the land use dynamics.

Changes in mesopredator-community structure in response to urbanization

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Prange ◽  
Stanley D Gehrt
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
The Road ◽  
Demographic Response ◽  
Road Survey ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Best Fit

Common raccoons (Procyon lotor (L., 1758)), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis (Schreber, 1776)) are common urban inhabitants, yet their relative demographic response to urbanization is unknown. Urbanization often affects community structure, and understanding these effects is essential in rapidly changing landscapes. We examined mesopredator-community structure in small and large patches of natural habitat surrounded by urban, suburban, or rural matrices. We created generalized logit models using road-survey and livetrapping data to examine effects of surrounding land use on proportions of opossums and skunks relative to raccoons, while accounting for effects of season and year and their interactions. For large sites, the land use × season model was chosen for both data sets, and occurrence of opossums and skunks relative to raccoons was higher at the rural site (P < 0.001 for all tests). For small sites, the land-use model best fit the road-survey data, with a higher occurrence of skunks relative to raccoons at the rural site (χ2 = 21.06, df = 1, P < 0.001). However, the season model best fit the trapping data for small sites. Our data indicated that raccoons exhibited a greater demographic response to urbanization, suggesting that they exploit anthropogenic resources more efficiently. Although numerous reasons exist for disparity in anthropogenic-resource use, differences in intraspecific tolerance and the role of learning in foraging behaviors were best supported by our observations.

scholarly journals A New Heuristic Method for Transportation Network and Land Use Problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou A.M.T. Bald ◽  
Babacar M. Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Individual Agent ◽  
The Road ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Network Costs

Our paper deals with the Transportation Network and Land Use (TNLU) problem.  It consists in finding, simultaneously, the best location of urban area activities, as well as of the road network design that may minimize the moving cost in the network, and the network costs. We propose a new mixed integer programming formulation of the problem, and a new heuristic method for the resolution of TNLU. Then, we give a methodology to find locations or relocations of some Dakar region amenities (home, shop, work and leisure places), that may reduce travel time or travel distance. The proposed methodology mixes multi-agent simulation with combinatorial optimization techniques; that is individual agent strategies versus global optimization using Geographical Information System. Numerical results which show the effectiveness of the method,  and simulations based on the scenario of Dakar city are given.

scholarly journals Collision with power lines and electrocutions in birds — an analysis based on Swedish ringing recoveries 1990–2017

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Thord Fransson ◽  
Lina Jansson ◽  
Tuomo Kolehmainen ◽  
Thomas Wenninger
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Line System ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
History Information ◽  
Over Time

Recoveries of birds ringed in Sweden from the period 1990–2017 were used to analyse the occurrence of collisions with power lines and electrocutions. Out of more than 10,000 recoveries of birds found dead with finding circumstances mentioned, 8.6% was associated with power line constructions. The number of species involved was 51 and high proportions were especially evident in some species of owls and raptors. The overall proportion of recoveries caused by collision / electrocution shows a significant decrease over time. A decrease over time in the proportions of electrocution and collision was also evident when analysing finding circumstances in four species where corpses were sent to the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Information about the power line system in Sweden during the period 2007–2016 shows that the length of local power lines has decreased with about 21% during a ten-year period and that underground cables have increased with 28% during the same period. The results show that collisions with power lines have decreased more than electrocutions and this may imply that there are still many places where birds are at risk of being electrocuted.

Prevalence of cutaneous evaporation in Merriam's kangaroo rat and its adaptive variation at the subspecific level

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Tracy ◽  
G.E. Walsberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
Dipodomys Merriami ◽  
Kangaroo Rat ◽  
Mesic Site ◽  
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
Subspecific Level

Previous estimates suggested that ventilatory evaporation constitutes the major source of water loss in kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.). We quantified rates of water loss in Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and demonstrate the degree to which acclimation to a particular thermal and hydric environment plays a role in the intraspecific variation in water loss evident in this species. We draw the following conclusions: (1) that water loss varies intraspecifically in Merriam's kangaroo rat, in association with habitats of contrasting aridity and temperature; (2) that animals from more xeric locations have lower water loss rates than those from more mesic sites; (3) that most water loss is cutaneous, with ventilatory evaporative water loss contributing, at most, only 44% to total evaporative water loss; and (4) that intraspecific differences in rates of water loss are not acclimatory, but fixed. After acclimating under the same conditions, xeric-site animals still show a 33% lower rate of evaporative water loss than mesic-site animals.

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