scholarly journals CURRENT CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE PROCESS OF AGEING AND OLD AGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
Vanina Mihaylova ◽  
Dimitar Shopov ◽  
Iliya Bivolarski ◽  
Adolf Alakidi ◽  
Kristina Kilova
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Old People ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Elderly And Old People

: Ageing should be considered not only as an increase in the number of elderly and old people in their absolute and relative numbers, but also as a unity of the transformations of the lifecycle, with an emphasis on: later retirement, prolonged period of good‑quality life, an active approach towards the process of retirement and differentiation of the category of “fourth age”. The general preparation for old age has earned a new appeal in the contemporary societies. Motivation of the old people for activity – both physical and intellectual – is of great importance for the better survival of the old age and long life in good health, supported by realized well-being and feeling of joy from life. In this aspect the study of both risk and protective factors for human health (in a salutogenetic perspective) becomes increasingly fundamental. The issue of population at an advanced age has definitely been considered as an independent subject since the beginning of the 21st century. Moreover, the society perceives it as an essential basis for further progress and flourishing of the mankind. In this sense the demographic strategies treating the problem need to address it in a new positive way, with different and positive attitude, accepting the population-related failures and anxiety and turning them into challenges and advantages.

scholarly journals Afrontamiento de problemas de salud en personas muy mayores

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Navarro ◽  
Belén Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Old People ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
The One ◽  
Performance Results

<p>This paper assesses the strategies for coping with health problems in advanced old age and their contribution in terms of several performance results. 159 people aged 75 or over and living at home identified their most recent health problem, the strategies used to deal with it, their perception of self-efficacy in handling the problem and their degree of satisfaction with life. The results confirm the use of a range of strategies, with the active-behavioural approach to solving the problem being the one most widely used. In addition, together with active coping strategies of both a cognitive and behavioural nature, correlational analyses indicate that very old people resort to passive and avoidance coping methods. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses highlight the fact that the use of direct and rational actions for solving health problems predicts self-efficacy in dealing with the problem and protects satisfaction with life at this stage. These results confirm that very old people retain the ability to deal effectively with their health problems and, at the same time, uphold their well-being, providing evidence of the adaptive role of coping in very old age.</p>

Aging, Meaning, and Well-Being: Musings of a Cultural Historian

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Spiritual Journey ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
Cultural Dominance

The social integration and well-being of old people depends in part on a culturally viable ideal of old age. Growing out of widely shared images and social values, an ideal old age legitimates norms and roles appropriate to the last stage of life. This article discusses the “late Calvinist” and “civilized” models of old age that flourished in Protestant, middle-class America between 1800 and 1920. It argues that the growing cultural dominance of science and the accelerating pace of capitalist productivity undercut the essential vision underlying these models: the view of life as a spiritual journey. The result has been a serious weakening of social meaning in aging and old age.

scholarly journals Health problems in geriatric horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (08) ◽  
pp. 6556-2021
Author(s):  
MARCJANNA M. RATZ ◽  
BEATA KACZMAREK ◽  
ELŻBIETA WNUK-PAWLAK ◽  
WIKTORIA JANICKA ◽  
IWONA JANCZAREK
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Long Life

Geriatric horses, like other animals (and humans), suffer from various diseases called old-age diseases. This publication has been developed in response to the needs of owners and caretakers of a growing number of geriatric horses. Since the horse has a long life span, the geriatric stage can encompass up to 1/3 of the animal’s lifetime and can quite often last more than 10 years. This paper aims at systematizing the information of the most prevalent geriatric diseases in horses which inhibit their performance and considerably lower their quality of life. Knowledge of these diseases can help to avoid mistakes when keeping and managing such horses and may provide guidelines for maintaining welfare and preventive treatments. This article reviews the most prevalent old age health problems, their origin, diagnostics, course and effects for the body. Information about the most common diseases of old age in horses is found in 119 references. The nine sub-chapters include the diseases of the digestive system, especially the oral cavity, the stomach and bowels’ diseases, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, dysfunctions of the locomotor system, eye diseases, endocrine and neuroendocrine diseases as well as the immune system, neoplasms and general body condition. It should be emphasized that there is the possibility to maintain the well-being of geriatric horses through progress in veterinary medicine and sharing knowledge of equine functioning and health protection. Preventive health care should include regular blood testing, regular dental check-ups and adequate nutrition adapted to the overall condition, dental condition, physical activity and comorbidities. Adequate individual supplementation recommended by a nutrition specialist and a veterinarian is also essential.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE AVAILABILITY OF MEDICAL CARE AS A BASIC BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Dmytro Ryabets
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Introduction. The main priorities for the development and reform of the health care system are to create conditions for improving the quality, life expectancy and efficiency of citizens by increasing the availability of medical services and medical care, improving the quality of medical services, early prevention and prevention of timely medical care. The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for ensuring the availability of medical care as a basic basis for the formation of good health and well-being of the population on the way to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods (methodology). The general scientific methods, in particular theoretical generalization - for research of theoretical bases of maintenance of availability of medical care are applied in research; system economic analysis - for correlation-regression analysis of the relationship between morbidity, mortality and economic affordability of medical services in Ukraine. Results. The impact of public and private sector expenditures on the level of morbidity was analyzed and compared, which showed that both factors have a positive impact on reducing the incidence rate. At the same time, there is a tendency to increase household spending on health care and the purchase of medicines much faster than at the state level, which confirms the targeted trends in health care reform to significantly reduce the number of free medical services. To a certain extent, these trends are positive, but in the event of a significant deterioration in the situation with the level of morbidity, this financial policy should be revised.

Identifying Indicators of Healthy Work Environments in Nursing as Determinants of Health in the 21st Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Helga Bragadóttir
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Healthy Work ◽  
Healthy Work Environments

A paradigm shift is occurring in the definition of health and therefore also in the determinants of health. Social determinants of health, considered by many to be the premises of good health and a purposeful life, are now the focus of attention in determinants of health. These determinants of health bring attention to the conditions in which people are born and live and work. This article proposes that indicators of healthy work environments in nursing can be identified as determinants of health. Study findings from around the world confirm that the health and well-being of nurses and their patients is related to nurses’ work and work environments. Therefore, the working lives of nurses should be identified as an inseparable part of their personal lives, leading to consideration of work environments and thereby the quality of nurse’s work lives as determinants of health in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Morale in Old Age and Its Association with Sociodemographic, Social, and Health-Related Factors in Different Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marina Näsman ◽  
Johan Niklasson ◽  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Mikael Nygård ◽  
Birgitta Olofsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Old People ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Aging Well ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Geriatric Center

Morale can be viewed as a future-oriented optimism or pessimism regarding challenges associated with aging and is closely related to subjective well-being. Promoting morale in old age could be considered to have important implications for aging well, and increased knowledge about morale in different stages of old age is needed. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with morale in different age groups among old people. Data were derived from a survey conducted in 2016, as a part of the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA). The sample consisted of 9,047 individuals aged between 65 and 86 years from Ostrobothnia and Southern Ostrobothnia in Finland, and Västerbotten in Sweden. Morale was measured with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) and regressed upon a number of sociodemographic, social, and health-related factors using linear regression analyses. The results showed that older age was an independent factor explaining lower level of morale. Additionally, the sociodemographic, social, and health-related variables could explain a large proportion of the variance in morale. Perceived loneliness, having gone through a crisis in life, poor self-rated health, and depression were associated with lower morale, and sleeping well with higher morale, in all age groups. Furthermore, the oldest age groups seem to be more exposed to several risk factors of lower morale identified in this study. Multidimensional interventions targeting especially social and mental health and the oldest-old could therefore be recommended.

scholarly journals Age-related prevalence of non-cardiac surgery indications

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nera Agabiti
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Old People ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Treatments

<p>A clear trend in Italy over the last 20 years has been the increasing prevalence of ‘very old’ people (over 75 years of age) within the general population. Routine statistics as well as population surveys and ad hoc epidemiological studies all confirm this trend. The proportion of so-called ‘very old patients in good health’ is the category which is increasing the most. This is due to the economic well-being and generally good living conditions in Italy as well as progress in medical care and the introduction of new treatments and technologies in clinical practice that have improved survival and quality of life. The presence of an increasing number of very old people in the population, with consequent change of the population’s health needs, represents a great challenge both for the healthcare system and for society as a whole.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiki Akatsuka ◽  
Etsuko Tadaka
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Old People ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Globally, the population of oldest-old (those aged ≥80 years) is rapidly growing. This change is likely to have a deep impact on societies. Resilience is a key concept related to facilitating adaptation, and can be applied, to aging-related change and losses, as well as promoting health and well-being in this population. However, no existing scales have been developed to measure resilience among oldest-old people. To address this, we developed a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO), and examined its reliability and validity. Methods The RSO is a self-administered questionnaire developed via a literature review, interviews with oldest-old individuals, and interviews with experts. The survey included 3000 community-dwelling oldest-old people who were recruited via random sampling in Yokohama city, Japan. Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC) and the self-anchoring scale to measure the feeling that life is worth living (SAS-WL) were used to assess the criterion-related validity of the RSO. Results We received 1283 valid participant responses. Confirmatory factor analysis identified nine items from one factor of the RSO with a goodness of fit index of 0.979, adjusted goodness of fit index of 0.963, comparative fit index of 0.973, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.049. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.800. The total RSO score was positively correlated with the PGC (r = .492, p < 0.001) and the SAS-WL (r = .559, p < 0.001). Conclusions The RSO demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing individual resilience among oldest-old people. Thus, the scale is potentially useful for promoting health and well-being in oldest-old age.

scholarly journals Ageing in the contemporary world

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Suwiński
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Old People ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract All societies of our civilization are growing old, people live longer and longer and there are more and more old people. It results in the fact that problems of old people, either individual or of social aspects, are getting one of the crucial tasks for the society nowadays. In fact, there are no grounds to envy or to feel compassion for old people. The old man is a fully normal man, only the old one. We are all growing old…whether we want it or not – and we can only wonder, how it will be, when we get old… Without any doubt, it is important to live as long as possible, but not less important is the quality of life, physical and mental condition, good mood and the most of all – the good health. The old age, may not be a flow of happiness, but it of course has its good prospects and can remain positive. The aim of that study is the attempt to show the status of a man in the process of ageing and all aspects connected with this process. The study should allow us not only to perceive the positive aspects of old age, but also to acquaint ourselves with the mechanism of growing old and show us how to reduce the instinctive fear of growing old and what to do to make this period of our lives bearable and stately. What does it mean to grow old? How does it feel like to be old? How have people tried to prevent the process of ageing in different cultures in the past centuries? How it is being done nowadays? What are the advantages of growing old? The attempt to find the answers for the above mentioned questions is the aim of that study. Its keynote is paradoxically quite optimistic and helps us to stay calm in the face of this inevitable fate we all are going to meet with.

scholarly journals Individual values and spirituality and their meaning for affective well-being and engagement with life in very old age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Reissmann ◽  
Anna Storms ◽  
Christiane Woopen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Old People ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Very Old Age

Abstract Background Individuals’ ideals and aspirations are considered to constitute a central reference frame for subjective evaluations of their perceived reality, and, thus, to be crucial for individual quality of life (QoL) outcomes. By examining individual values and spirituality in very old people, the aim of this study was to describe two constructs representing the aspirations of the individual, as well as the relation of these constructs to both hedonic and eudaimonic QoL outcomes in very old age (VOA). Material and methods Cross-sectional data from a representative survey of people in VOA (NRW80+, n = 1863) were used. Individual values were assessed based on the Portrait Value Questionnaire. A revised questionnaire was developed drawing on the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure. Individual values and spirituality were studied using descriptive statistics, and hierarchical linear regression models were used to analyze their predictive value for two QoL outcomes: 1) affective well-being as an indicator of hedonic QoL, which was assessed using the positive affect subscale of the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and 2) engagement with life, which captures eudaimonic aspects and which was measured with a subscale of the Valuation of Life Scale. Results The most important values were both protection and growth-oriented values with a social focus. However, only values representing strivings for growth had a positive association with QoL outcomes. Spirituality was of high relevance to very old people, although not in the sense of religious institutions or practices. Rather, it predominantly consisted in environmental, interpersonal, and transcendental connectedness, all of which were positively connected to QoL outcomes. Conclusion Individual values and spirituality can be an important resource for hedonic as well as eudaimonic QoL; however, age-related losses may lead to an emphasis of protective values that are not beneficial in terms of QoL. To support older people on their spiritual journey, a broad concept of spirituality needs to be established among researchers as well as practitioners.

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