scholarly journals The Effect of Core Vocabulary Extension Program for Children with Inconsistent SSD

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-671
Author(s):  
Yoo-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Soo-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Overlapping Data ◽  
Mean Trend ◽  
Line Slope ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Extension Program

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Core Vocabulary Extension Program for establishing speech sound consistency on speech inconsistency and accuracy of children with inconsistent SSD.Methods: Four children with inconsistent SSD aged 3-5 years who exhibited speech sound inconsistency, phonological error patterns, and articulation problems at the same time participated in this study. The program of this study used a core vocabulary approach and a multi-sensory approach, and parental support was provided at the same time. The experimental design used a multiple probe baseline design, with 3-5 baseline evaluations, 10 treatment evaluations, and 3 maintenance evaluations were performed. Data analysis of dependent variables, mean, trend line slope, standard deviation, immediate effect of treatment, and ratio of non-overlapping data (PND) were analyzed.Results: As a result of the study, inconsistency was reduced and articulation ability was improved. Speech inconsistency improvement was effective in all four participating children, but accuracy improvement was only effective in three children.Conclusion: This study is significant in that it confirmed the therapeutic effect of the Core Vocabulary Extension Program which integrated a multisensory approach and parent coaching based on a core vocabulary approach on speech sound inconsistency and accuracy of children with severe speech sound disorder accompanied by intellectual problems and language disorders. In the future, it is necessary to apply a phonological approach to remove the remaining phonological error patterns after speech consistency is established and to confirm the effectiveness of the phonological approach

Expansion Points Intervention in Young Children with Speech Sound Disorders: A Multiple Baseline Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Klaire M. Brumbaugh ◽  
Ashley Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Study Intervention

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of expansion points (EXP) intervention with a modified criterion for preschool children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Three preschool-aged children were enrolled in a single-subject multiple baseline intervention study. Intervention took place over 16 sessions. Pre- and post-intervention data are provided. Three outcome measures (generalization to probe words and gains in percent consonants correct, PCC, in words and in conversation) were evaluated to measure the effectiveness of the EXP intervention. All three of the participants demonstrated gains by the end of the intervention phase when measuring PCC in single words. Two of the three participants demonstrated gains in PCC in conversational speech. Progress on individual phonemes was variable across participants. Utilizing the EXP approach, two of the three children showed gains in all three outcome measures. One child showed variable performance in one outcome measure, improvement in one, and a decrease in one. Findings suggest that EXP should be further explored to evaluate intervention efficacy.

Rival Views of Market Society

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Market Society ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter tackles the core vocabulary of economics: if there is to be an expanded economics, it would need a more complex vocabulary or discourse. This would also mean giving up one of the sacred cows of the discipline: the preference for parsimony—simple explanations of more complicated phenomena—so simple they can be more easily tested under conditions of the intellectual's making. Doing this might allow economists to admit otherwise forbidden topics for analysis—like love, avarice, and jealousy. Hirschman anticipates, in this sense, the importance of bridging the divide between emotions and behavior. To conclude, the chapter examines whether the various complications have some element in common.

Handsaw or Harlot? Some problem etymologies in the lexicon of Chinook Jargon

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
French And English ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Chinook Jargon ◽  
Over Time

Like all pidgins, the lexicon of Chinook Jargon has a number of sources; although the core vocabulary is chiefly of Chinookan and Nootkan origin, English and French have also made large contributions, the percentage of each varying from time to time and from place to place. As Sankoff (1980: 145) points out, “Chinook Jargon remained highly variable throughout its history. Its vocabulary changed radically over time depending on the locus and proportions of its various groups of speakers, and because of the increasing dominance of English over time.” While most of the lexical items in the Jargon have been more or less satisfactorily accounted for, especially those of French and English origin, there remain a score or so of words for which an etymology either is not recorded or is of dubious accuracy. For some time, I have been attempting to track down the origins of as many of these ‘mystery words’ as possible, or to offer more probable sources than those usually cited. In this paper, I deal only with those items whose origin is apparently in or through French.

scholarly journals Ogar(a)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Antonín Vašek
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Area ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
Core Vocabulary

The present paper deals with the dialectal situation of the lexeme ogar,-a m.‘a young man’, ‘a youth’, ‘a son’, which belongs to the core vocabulary of the traditional Eastern Moravian dialect. The dialect called Wallachian is spoken around the towns of Rožnov, Valašské Meziříčí, Vsetín, Zlín, Vizovice, and Valašské Klobouky. In the southern part of the Wallachia region (around Zlín, Vizovice, and Klobouky), the expression is realized as ogara, -y / -i m. In addition, the same sense of the word ogar is common not only in the Silesian-Moravian dialectal region (namely, the Lachia area around Frenštát), which was likewise affected by Carpathian pastoral colonization in the past, but also the eastern Moravian dialectal island of Kelč with its very specific phonology. In Slovakia, the expression is found in two places. It is attested from the Spiš region (more specifically, from Veľký Šariš), where it has a pejorative meaning and is also used as a swearword (denoting a rather neglected young man). The second location is Revúca in the Slovak Central Mountains, where it denotes a tall man who is very thin - almost emaciated. In Poland, the word ogar is attested in the southern part of the Malopolska region around Ropčice (ogar - “czasem na dziecko wołają: Ty ogarze!”) and in the Zakopane region (ogarek - “2. przezwisko małych chłopców”). This information is confirmed as of the last quarter of the nineteenth century as well as the beginning of the twentieth century by Karłowicz's dictionary. Apart from that, the present-day Kraków urban dialect contains the expression agar ‘a youth’. The word ogar is not attested in the sense of ‘a boy’, ‘a youth’ in any other Slavonic or non-Slavonic language. As regards linguistic geography, the distribution of the word does not extend beyond the mountainous and sub-mountainous regions of the Western Carpathians. As it appears in several semantic varieties in multiple places around the Carpathian region but nowhere else, the word can be classified as a distinctly Carpathian expression. The alternate form ogarek, ogárek is a common diminutive derived by the suffix -ek and having a positive affective function. The form ogara found in southern Wallachia was most likely coined by analogy or by mistaking the indirect grammatical case of ogar for the nominative. Such a mistaken interpretation is quite plausible, given the fact that the area in question was less affected by the Carpathian pastoral colonization than the other regions. Hence the possible change of the nominative form of the word from ogar to ogara (and resulting in a different declensional pattern according to the keyword předseda). The lexeme ohař ‘a hunting dog’ is most likely to be an old borrowing from Eastern languages, which possibly indicates some degree of influence of those languages over the European area in question. As regards the Western Carpathian (and thus also the Moravian-Wallachian) ogar ‘a boy’ etc., it concerns a second borrowing of the same non-Slavonic word but with a different semantic content via Romanian (regardless of whether this non-Slavonic Eastern word got into Romanian directly or, rather, via a Slavonic language). In that sense, the word exists as yet another evidence of the Romanian linguistic (and perhaps also ethnic) involvement in the pastoral colonization of the Western Carpathians.

scholarly journals On the Development of the Symbolic Meaning

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2 (5)) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Marianna Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
The Core ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Core Vocabulary

The article studies the process of the establishment of the symbolic meaning of a word. The author presents the lexical groups making up the core vocabulary of a given language which undergo changes in meaning more often and take on a symbolic function.The article also presents the similarities and differences between the two key types of symbols – traditional and authorial.

Structured External Memory Aid Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 474-484
Author(s):  
Alyssa Lanzi ◽  
Michelle S. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Functional Strategy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Overlapping Data ◽  
Functional Measure

Purpose The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effects of a structured external memory aid (EMA) treatment for individuals with possible mild neurocognitive disorder on their use of EMAs to compensate for memory impairments, (b) to examine the extent that improved functional EMA use maintains following intervention, and (c) to measure the effects of treatment on participants' self-reported memory skills. Method The researchers employed a multiple-baseline design across subjects within dyads. Data were collected using the Roleplay Assessment. The graphed data were analyzed visually at baseline, treatment, and maintenance sessions. In addition, the researchers examined the participants' self-report of memory skills through an experimental pre–post design. Results Following intervention, a functional strategy use treatment effect was observed. All 6 participants' graphs revealed a large positive change in level, with no overlapping data. Statistical analyses also supported the positive effects of treatment. The participants maintained the use of strategies for 1–3 months. The participants self-reported a statistically significant increase in strategy use following intervention. Conclusions With treatment, individuals with mild memory impairments can learn to use EMAs to facilitate enhanced performance on functional activities. This study provides evidence for the importance of documenting individual treatment effects and using a functional measure to examine compensatory strategy use in everyday tasks.

廣西欽州漢佬話的語言成分來源及詞彙整合

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-150
Keyword(s):  
Present Form ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Zhuang Language

The Hanlao language in Qinzhou city of Guangxi Province is a language blending the Zhuang language and Han dialects. The part of Han comes mainly from Cantonese, Pinghua and Hakka. Different source dialects influence Hanlao in distinctive levels. The core vocabulary of Hanlao language is mainly influenced by Zhuang, the influence of which becoming weaker towards the periphery. On the contrary, the Han dialects mainly affect the peripheral words of the Hanlao language. Hanlao thus obtains its present form through the restructuring of various source languages in a complex way.廣西欽州漢佬話是一種融合壯語、漢語的語言，漢語主要來自粵語、平話和客家話。各種來源語言在漢佬話中所處的地位不同：壯語的影響主要在核心詞部分，越往外圍影響越小；漢語則相反，核心詞部分影響小，越往外圍影響越大。各種來源語言經過了複雜的整合過程形成了漢佬話如今的面貌。(This article is in Chinese.)

Phonologically Disordered German-Speaking Children

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette V. Fox ◽  
Barbara Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Articulation Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Subgroup Classification

Speech sound disorders affect more children than any other developmental communication disorder and are associated with long-term social and academic difficulties. The diversity of presenting symptoms has resulted in the need for classifying subgroups of speech disorders. Research on English-speaking children suggests that there are four types of surface speech error patterns (B. Dodd, 1995): articulation disorder (e.g., lisp); delay (i.e., normal developmental patterns that are inappropriate for chronological age); consistent use of atypical error patterns (e.g., deletion of all initial consonants); and inconsistent pronunciation of the same lexical items. Classification typologies should be language independent. This study investigated whether the same four subgroups, in similar proportions, would be found in German-speaking children who had disordered speech. A total of 110 monolingual German-speaking children, aged 2 years 7 months to 7 years 7 months, participated in the study. They had been referred for assessment of a suspected speech disorder. The results supported the subgroup classification, providing evidence for the universal character of speech disorders. One significant difference was the relatively high proportion of children classified as having an articulation disorder. This was explained by the uncertainty regarding a lisp as a disorder in German, since it is also found in up to 40% of normally developing children of the same age. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

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