Early detection and treatment for bovine respiratory disease

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Tim Potter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
On Farm

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome that can cause significant economic impact on farm through the immediate costs of treatment as well as long-term production losses, and increased risk of mortality or premature departure from the herd. The clinical signs and pathology are due in part to the host's response to inflammatory mediators that are produced in reaction to the presence of the pathogens. Variation in individual animals' responses to the sepsis associated with BRD result in the spectrum of clinical signs and disease severity observed on farm. The variation in clinical picture presents a diagnostic challenge for farmers and can negatively impact disease detection. The use of objective scoring systems for BRD can facilitate the detection and provide a means of monitoring disease at a herd or group level. While antimicrobials remain the mainstay of BRD treatment on farm, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alongside them has become commonplace, with the aim of promoting more rapid recovery via their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.

scholarly journals Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
William J. Love ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Alison Van Eenennaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Case Status ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
On Farm

AbstractClinical scoring systems have been proposed for respiratory disease diagnosis in calves, including the Wisconsin (WI) system (McGuirk in 2008) which uses five clinical signs, each partitioned into four levels of severity. Recently, we developed the California (CA) bovine respiratory disease (BRD) scoring system requiring less calf handling and consisting of six clinical signs, each classified as normal or abnormal. The objective of this study was to estimate the on-farm agreement between the WI and the CA scoring systems. A total of 100 calves were enrolled on a CA dairy and assessed for BRD case status using the two scoring systems simultaneously. The Kappa coefficient of agreement between these two systems was estimated to be 0.85, which indicated excellent agreement beyond chance. The simpler design and reduced calf handling required by the CA BRD scoring system may make it advantageous for on-farm use.

scholarly journals Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves

PeerJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e238 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Love ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Philip H. Kass ◽  
Alison L. Van Eenennaam ◽  
Sharif S. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Comparison of Pasteurella spp. Simultaneously Isolated from Nasal and Transtracheal Swabs from Cattle with Clinical Signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
D. C. DeRosa ◽  
G. D. Mechor ◽  
J. J. Staats ◽  
M. M. Chengappa ◽  
T. R. Shryock
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Matched Pairs

ABSTRACT Twenty-four matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and three matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella multocida were isolated by using a nasal swab and a transtracheal swab from individual calves with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease. The identity of each matched pair was confirmed biochemically and serologically. The similarity of the isolates obtained from a nasal swab and from a transtracheal swab was compared by using ribotyping and antibiotic susceptibility analyses. Although the calves were sampled only once with a nasal and a transtracheal swab, when both samples were bacteriologically positive the nasal swab identified the same bacterial species as the transtracheal swab 96% of the time. The nasal swab isolate was genetically identical to the transtracheal isolate in 70% of the matched pairs. Six different ribotypes were observed for the P. haemolytica isolates, while only one ribotype was observed for the limited number of P. multocida isolates. Of the six P. haemolytica ribotypes, two ribotypes predominated. All the paired isolates displayed similar susceptibility to ceftiofur, erythromycin, tilmicosin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and florfenicol, with some minor variations for ampicillin and spectinomycin. These results suggest that a nasal swab culture can be predictive of the bacterial pathogen within the lung when the isolates are from an acutely ill animal and can be used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Gigliola Ficco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

scholarly journals Feeding Calves with Pasteurized Colostrum and Milk Has a Positive Long-Term Effect on Their Productive Performance

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Ramon Armengol ◽  
Lorenzo Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Productive Body ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Health Parameters

Female calves, checked for serum total protein ≥ 5.8 g/dL before 5 days of life, entered the study at 22 days of age after having received pasteurized colostrum and milk (P group, n = 127), or non-pasteurized colostrum and milk (NP group, n = 134). During the heifer-rearing period, productive (body weight; BW) and health parameters (bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and diarrhea) were recorded. Productive (305-d milk yield), reproductive (AI per pregnancy and calving interval), and health parameters (milk somatic cell count; SCC/mL), as well as age at culling, were recorded in a follow-up study. Feeding on-farm pasteurized colostrum and milk during the first 21 days of life reduced morbidity of bovine respiratory disease during the first year of life and diarrhea during the first 180 days of life. Moreover, it increased BW at calving during the first three lactations. It also significantly increases milk production during the first lactation. However, there were no differences in relation to reproductive performance and health of cows in the NP or P group. These results highlight that feeding calves with pasteurized colostrum and milk could improve health and production parameters throughout the heifer-rearing process and during their first lactation.

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