scholarly journals Mechanical testing of paraosseous clamp-cerclage stabilization compared to interfragmentary wiring and combination technique in L-shape acrylic plate simulate to canine mandibular fracture

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn ◽  
◽  
Ketkaew Wasanasuk ◽  
Nessara Shomwiwat ◽  
Prapaiporn Plangngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Acrylic Plate ◽  
Fixation Techniques ◽  
Stabilization Technique

The purpose of this research was to comparison of the mechanical strength of the three different stabilization techniques in canine mandibular models. An L-shaped acrylic plate to replicate the mandible of a middle-sized dog was used as a canine mandibular fracture model. The research compared the strength of 3 fixation techniques: interfragmentary wiring, paraosseous clamp-cerclage stabilization, and a combination of both techniques. Each method was tested using 6 acrylic samples and measuring the maximum pressure load on the rostral mandible model using a Hounsfield H50KS testing machine. Statistical analysis was used to summarize the maximum load results from each method. The strengths of the interfragmentary wiring technique and the combination technique were not significantly different, while the paraosseous clamp-cerclage stabilization technique had significantly less strength than the other two techniques. The acrylic samples simulated the mandibular bone in a medium-sized breed dog because there are variable sizes and conformations of the mandible. This method was used to help neutralize other confounding factors associated with using real bone. In conclusion, the combination technique of interfragmentary wiring and paraosseous clamp-cerclage was the best method that can be used for increased stabilization of mandibular fixation. This technique was useful for facilitating stabilization of a mandible at a lower cost compared with the bone plate and screw method.

Strength of side-to-side and step-cut repairs in tendon transfers: biomechanical testing of porcine flexor tendons

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Eivind Strandenes ◽  
Peter Ellison ◽  
Anders O. Mølster ◽  
Nils R. Gjerdet ◽  
Irene O. Moldestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Side Group ◽  
Tendon Transfers ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Active Mobilization ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the study was to compare side-to-side with step-cut repairs to determine how much of the width it is possible to remove and still keep the repair strong enough to start active mobilization. Porcine flexor tendons were used to create side-to-side, one-third step-cut and half step-cut repairs. There were 15 repairs in each group. The tensile properties of the constructs were measured in a biomechanical testing machine. All repairs failed by the sutures splitting the tendon longitudinally. The maximum load and stiffness were highest in the side-to-side group. Our findings suggest that the half step-cut repair can withstand the forces exerted during active unrestricted movement of the digits in tendons of this size. The advantage of the step-cut repair is reduced bulkiness and less friction, which might compensate for the difference in strength.

Dynamic Behaviour of Reinforcing Steel Bars in Tension

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Cadoni ◽  
Matteo Dotta ◽  
Daniele Forni ◽  
Nicoletta Tesio
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Reinforced Steel

In this paper the preliminary results of the tensile behavior of reinforced steel in a large range of strain rates are presented. Tensile testing at several strain rates, using different experimental set-ups, was carried out. For the quasi-static tests a universal electromechanical testing machine with the maximum load-bearing capacity of 50 kN was used, while for the intermediate and high-strain rate regimes a hydro-pneumatic apparatus and a JRC-Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar respectively were used. The target strain rates were set at the following five levels: 10-3, 30, 250, 500, and 1000 1/s. The specimens used in this research were round samples having 3mm in diameter and 5mm of gauge length obtained from reinforcing bars. Finally, the material parameters for Cowper-Symonds and Johnson-Cook models were determined.

scholarly journals 24-hour Fire Produced Effect on Reinforced Recycled Aggregates Concrete Beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4213-4217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Buller ◽  
M. Oad ◽  
B. A. Memon ◽  
S. Sohu
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Natural Aggregates

In this article, the effect of prolonged fire (24-hour duration) on reinforced concrete beams made with recycled aggregates from demolished concrete was experimentally investigated. Demolished concrete was used recycled coarse aggregates in equal proportion with natural coarse aggregates. Normal and rich mix concrete with water-cement ratio equal to 0.54 were used. As a control specimen, beams with all-natural aggregates were also cast to compare with the results of the proposed beams. All beams were cured for 28 days and exposed to fire at 1000°C in an oven for 24 hours. After the elapse of this fire period, the beams were allowed to air cool, followed by testing till failure in a universal load testing machine. Comparison of the test results shows that rich mix concrete beams more reduction in flexural strength, more increase in maximum load carrying capacity and deflection than normal mix beams. The maximum reduction in flexural strength was 32.41% for beams cast with 50% RCA and rich mix. Although the fire duration used in this study is rare, yet the outcome provides guidelines for taking proper decisions for retrofitting/strengthening of the fire affected structure before putting it back in service.

scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Bending Moment Effect on Hollow Columns of Multi-layers of Hybrid Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ayad A. Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Alumina Composite ◽  
Moment Effect

This paper presented the effect of bending on multi-layer of hollow columns of Hybrid materials (Carbon-Glass /epoxy-Alumina) composite this effect occurred and volume fraction of fibers. An experimental procedure was developed to study the performance of these effects under bending load using a hydraulic bending device type (MATEST. SRL) testing machine. This study has three forms through the selection of columns hollows width to thickness (a/b) (0.5, 1 and 2) with three types of layers of samples (2,4 and8) layers. The ultimate load of failure for each Hybrid/epoxy-Al2O3 had been determined and specified the optimum volume fraction (Vf) due to the effect of mixing 50% and 60% were low in the case for compared 55% volume fraction. To simulate this problem the researcher used Explicit Mesh for AUTODYN under ANSYS-15 software, it was found that maximum bending load for Hybrid/ Epoxy-Al2O3 Specimens, the maximum load of specimens increased with increasing number of layers from 2L to 8L. The results also identified that the maximum load capacity by 55% volume fraction and a/b=0.5 of all composite specimens was highest from the others types of (50% and 60%) volume fractions and (a/b=1 and a/b=2) .Also, the Increasing ratio of stress capacity for specimens have 4 to 2 layers (4/2)  and 8 to 4  (8/4) for experimental results have maximum value with increasing by 48.19%  and 46.84% at (Sp.4#8/Sp.2#4) and (Sp.8#6/Sp.4#6) respectively.

Design of High Frequency Fatigue Testing Machine Driven by Piezoelectric Vibrator

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 543-548
Author(s):  
Meng Jie ◽  
Hai Feng Xie ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhi Gang Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fatigue Property ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Piezoelectric Resonance ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibrator ◽  
Plate Spring ◽  
Working Principle

In order to measure the fatigue property of the small and hard brittle components working under conditions of the little amplitude, high frequency force, a novel kind of resonant high frequency fatigue testing machine which is driven by the piezoelectric vibrator (PZT、PLZT or PMN) has been proposed. Firstly, the working principle of the piezoelectric resonance high frequency fatigue testing machine is analyzed, and the dynamic model of the fatigue testing machine is established to get the systemic dynamic characteristics. Then a prototype is designed and produced. Finally, the maximum load on the sample is measured by the test with the machine. The results indicate that the maximum load on the sample is 23.4N-98.1N when changing the voltage (100V-250V) and the thickness of the plate spring (1.1mm-0.6mm). The prototype made in this paper is suitable for the tensile and fatigue testing with the load level mentioned above under the condition of little amplitude and high frequency force.

scholarly journals Biomechanical properties of a novel biodegradable magnesium-based interference screw

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ezechieli ◽  
Hanna Meyer ◽  
Arne Lucas ◽  
Patrick Helmecke ◽  
Christoph Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Interference Screw ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Interference Screws ◽  
Standard Implant ◽  
Biodegradable Magnesium

Magnesium-based interference screws may be an alternative in anterior/posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The well-known osteoconductive effects of biodegradable magnesium alloys may be useful. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a magnesium based interference screw and compare it to a standard implant. A MgYREZr-alloy interference screw and a standard implant (Milagro®; De Puy Mitek, Raynham, MA, USA) were used for graft fixation. Specimens were placed into a tensile loading fixation of a servohydraulic testing machine. Biomechanical analysis included pretensioning of the constructs at 20 N for 1 min following cyclic pretensioning of 20 cycles between 20 and 60 N. Biomechanical elongation was evaluated with cyclic loading of 1000 cycles between 50 and 200 N at 0.5 Hz. Maximum load to failure was 511.3±66.5 N for the Milagro® screw and 529.0±63.3 N for magnesium-based screw (ns, P=0.57). Elongations after preload, during cyclical loading and during failure load were not different between the groups (ns, P>0.05). Stiffness was 121.1±13.8 N/mm for the magnesiumbased screw and 144.1±18.4 for the Milagro® screw (ns, P=0.32). MgYREZr alloy interference screws show comparable results in biomechanical testing to standard implants and may be an alternative for anterior cruciate reconstruction in the future.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pigtail with J Anchor Bolt in Normal Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairi Osman ◽  
Mohamad Nur Mustaqim Abd Shukor ◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Mohamad Luthfi Ahmad Jeni ◽  
Mohd Sufyan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Anchor Bolts

Anchor bolts have been used to attach the steel structure of concrete and transfer load into the concrete. Anchor bolts in concrete are to withstand the shear force as they connect steel beams to the reinforced concrete foundations. The research was carried out to increase the understanding and investigating the performance of anchor bolts Pigtail since there is a lack of research on the bolt and to compare it with anchor bolts J which have been widely used by the industry. According to the methodology, testing the tensile load was used in this research to get a maximum load capacity of the anchor bolt in concrete. The sample was embedded in concrete cylinders of 75mm radius and 300mm height. Depths of embedment were 200mm, 230mm, and 260mm. The Universal Testing Machine, UTM was used to test the strength of tensile. 12 samples were used, each type and depth used two samples to get the average value using concrete grade 30. The samples underwent the process of curing for 28 days. The anchor bolts J used a 40mm bending radius and the length of hook was 100mm. Anchor bolts pigtail also used the 10 bending radius with depth of 8mm that have been compressed using 16mm radius rigs with a load of 500kN. Results of the research showed the depth of 260mm for Pigtail almost the same with J 60.529kN and 53.628kN and anchor bolts J were 75.557kN and 76.332kN. Difference of the values was not too far vary when compared with the 200mm and 230mm depths. Each comparison showed the ability of each bolt and anchor bolt failure occurred. Performance of the anchor bolts pigtail can be used on a structure or a higher load at an embedment of 260mm. Embedment of 200mm and 230mm can be used on a lighter load if steel material saving is a priority in every usage.

scholarly journals Fatigue behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite T-joints

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Constantinos Soutis
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
T Joints ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Reinforced Composite

In this paper a study was carried out on the fatigue life of fibre-reinforced composite T-joints subjected to a tensile pull-out loading. The composite T-joints have been made of glass fabric infused with epoxy resin using a vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding technique. Methods such as the use of veil layers, tufting techniques and 3D weave have been employed to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite T-joints. All the tests were conducted in an Instron testing machine using a specially designed test fixture. Fatigue tests were performed in a load control mode with a stress ratio of R = σmin/σmax = 0.1. The cyclic loading pattern was a sinusoidal wave with a frequency of 6 Hz. The specimens were cycled at a series of constant maximum load values up to failure. Fatigue loads versus life data for each T-joint type were produced at various maximum applied loads. The 3D weave T-joints were found to have the best performance in both static and fatigue loading. Increasing the static properties increases fatigue life performance; the increasing rate in fatigue life is changed with the number of stress cycles. The location for the through-thickness reinforcement plays an important role in improving fatigue life of the Tjoints. Fatigue life is significantly improved if the web is reinforced in through-thickness direction. A finite element (FE) failure model was also created using ABAQUS to determine the location where delamination is initiated and its subsequent propagation.

Effects of Aspect Ratio of Micro-sized Photoresist Patterns on Bond Strength between a Si Substrate with AFM Fracture Observation

2008 ◽  
Vol 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Ishiyama ◽  
Akinobu Shibata ◽  
Masato Sone ◽  
Yakichi Higo
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Cylinder Length ◽  
Loading Mode

AbstractBond strength between three dimensional micro-sized cylindrical patterns and Si substrate has been evaluated to clarify the effects of the cylinder length vs. diameter ratio, i.e. the aspect ratio, on the bond strength. Cylindrical shape was employed for avoiding ambiguity of loading point under bend conditions. Multiple cylindrical specimens of an epoxy type photoresist, SU-8 with various lengths were fabricated on a silicon substrate under the same photolithographic condition. Bond strength between micro-sized SU-8 and Si substrate under bend loading mode was measured by a mechanical testing machine for micro-sized materials. The maximum bend moment is 9.6 × 10−6 Nm in average and lineally increases with increasing the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the maximum load, i.e. maximum shear load is 106 mN in average and almost constant with increasing aspect ratio. This result suggests that the shear stress near the interface may cause the initiation of delamination. This phenomenon is discussed with three dimensional fracture observation and quantitative analysis of the line profile around the initiation site by AFM.

scholarly journals Experimental Fracture Model versus Osteotomy Model in Metacarpal Bone Plate Fixation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1692-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ochman ◽  
T. Vordemvenne ◽  
J. Paletta ◽  
M. J. Raschke ◽  
R. H. Meffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fracture Model ◽  
Bone Plate ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Fixation Techniques ◽  
Fracture Models

Introduction. Osteotomy or fracture models can be used to evaluate mechanical properties of fixation techniques of the hand skeletonin vitro. Although many studies make use of osteotomy models, fracture models simulate the clinical situation more realistically. This study investigates monocortical and bicortical plate fixation on metacarpal bones considering both aforementioned models to decide which method is best suited to test fixation techniques.Methods. Porcine metacarpal bones () were randomized into 4 groups. In groups I and II bones were fractured with a modified 3-point bending test. The intact bones represented a further control group to which the other groups after fixation were compared. In groups III and IV a standard osteotomy was carried out. Bones were fixated with plates monocortically (group I, III) and bicortically (group II, IV) and tested for failure.Results. Bones fractured at a mean maximum load of 482.8 N  104.8 N with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 21.7%, mean stiffness was 122.3  35 N/mm. In the fracture model, there was a significant difference () for maximum load of monocortically and bicortically fixed bones in contrast to the osteotomy model ().Discussion. In the fracture model, because one can use the same bone for both measurements in the intact state and the bone-plate construct states, the impact of inter-individual differences is reduced. In contrast to the osteotomy model there are differences between monocortical and bicortical fixations in the fracture model. Thus simulation of thein vivosituation is better and seems to be suitable for the evaluation of mechanical properties of fixation techniques on metacarpals.

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