Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
External Actors

This introductory chapter discusses the complexity of the Syrian conflict and the multiple factors driving and shaping it. It argues that from the start, external factors have been essential in enabling and facilitating both regime and opposition actions. The war's character, scale and scope has been greatly impacted by these factors. The brutality of the Assad regime combined with the incompetence and disunity of the opposition led to a violent and intractable civil war. The role of international actors tends to be presented as secondary: they are sucked in once the war has begun, to pursue their own regional or global agendas. As a result, until the various external actors involved either have their goals sufficiently satisfied or cut their losses and leave the stage, the war is likely to continue in some form.

scholarly journals ISLAMSKI RUCH UZBEKISTANU - OD LOKALNEGO EKSTREMIZMU DO PAŃSTWA ISLAMSKIEGO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Mirosław JAREMBA
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Islamic Extremism

This article presents one of the terrorist group in Central Asia. Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan is a fundamentalist Islam organization acting at first in Uzbekistan and then going beyond even to Afghanistan with its actions. This article will present the causes of existence of Islamic extremism in Central Asia, events which were enhancing the ideas of radicalism, as i.e. civil war in Tajikistan (1992-1997) or the Batken crises (1999, 2000), specific IMU actions or circumstances of connection to so-called Islamic State. It is the analysis of extremism in Central Asia and the explanation of this phenomenon; moreover the role of external factors in Islamic mobilization in the region and how the Organized crime works there.

scholarly journals The Syrian Conflict: Regional Dimensions and Implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherko Kirmanj
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
External Actors

The Syrian conflict which started in March 2011 is well into its third year and its dimensions and implications are steadily moving beyond Syrian borders and the broader Middle East. Syria’s uprising has developed into a civil war between government forces and the opposition, motivated primarily by internal and external actors’ strategic and at times existential interests. This article examines the implications and dimensions of the Syrian crisis for the major actors in the region, including Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, the Gulf States, Israel and the Kurds. It argues that pitting a Shiite Iran-Iraq-Syria-Hezbollah axis against a Sunni Turkey-Gulf states axis is the most significant geo-political regional effect of the Syrian crisis. What is more devastating is not the division of the region along sectarian lines but the proxy war between the Shiite and Sunni factions.  

scholarly journals International Law and Humanitarian Intervention in the Syrian Civil War: The Role of the United States

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091953
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Emmanuel Ogunnowo ◽  
Felix Chidozie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Syrian Conflict

This article interrogates the legality of American interventions in the Syrian conflict. The Syrian civil war stands as one of the most controversial conflicts of the 21st century, owing to the mass destruction of lives and properties and the multiplicity of interventions which have created numerous strands of the conflict. The United States as one of the intervening powers has shown support for the rebel forces geared at toppling the Assad government. The research adopts the qualitative method and utilizes the case study research design. The research makes use of secondary data as derived from academic journals, books, book chapters, newspapers, and so on and analyzes these data through the use of thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the interventions of the United States are not legal. The study also finds that the United States possesses certain strategic interests in the Syrian conflict which it aims to achieve.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

Role of the Structural Characteristics of Dendrimers in the Manifestation of the Antiamyloid Properties

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yu. Stroilova ◽  
V. I. Muronets ◽  
Z. B. Shifrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Proteins ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Processes

Among the compounds able to efficiently inhibit the amyloid aggregation of proteins and decompose the amyloid aggregates that cause neurodegenerative diseases, of particular interest are dendrimers, which represent individual macromolecules with the hypercrosslinked architectures and given molecular parameters. This short review outlines the peculiarities of the antiamyloid activity of dendrimers and discusses the effect of dendrimer structures and external factors on their antiamyloid properties. The potential of application of dendrimers in further investigations on the aggregation processes of amyloid proteins as the compounds that exhibit the remarkable antiamyloid activity is evaluated.

Editor's Note

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kaliel
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Red River ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relationship Of

The articles published in our Fall 2016 edition are connected loosely under the themes of public memory and the uses of identity in the past. We are thrilled to present to you three excellent articles in our Fall 2016 edition: The article "Dentro de la Revolución: Mobilizing the Artist in Alfredo Sosa Bravo's Libertad, Cultura, Igualdad (1961)" analyzes Cuban artwork as multi-layered work of propaganda whose conditions of creation, content, and exhibition reinforce a relationship of collaboration between artists and the state-run cultural institutions of post-revolutionary Cuba; moving through fifty years of history “’I Shall Never Forget’: The Civil War in American Historical Memory, 1863-1915" provides a captivating look at the role of reconciliationist and emancipationist intellectuals, politicians, and organizations as they contested and shaped the enduring memory of the Civil War; and finally, the article “Politics as Metis Ethnogenesis in Red River: Instrumental Ethnogenesis in the 1830s and 1840s in Red River” takes the reader through a historical analysis of the development of the Metis identity as a means to further their economic rights. We wholly hope you enjoy our Fall 2016 edition as much as our staff has enjoyed curating it. Editors  Jean Middleton and Emily Kaliel Assistant Editors Magie Aiken and Hannah Rudderham Senior Reviewers Emily Tran Connor Thompson Callum McDonald James Matiko Bronte Wells

Exploring the Mechanism of Lingzhu San in Treating Febrile Seizures by Using Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Fei Zhang ◽  
Dong-Yan Guo ◽  
Yan-Jun Yang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
R Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism

Objective: Lingzhu San (LZS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription which can be effective in treating febrile seizures (FS) and has few researches on the mechanisms. In order to better guide the clinical use of LZS, we used the research ideas and methods of network pharmacology to find the potential core compounds, targets and pathways of LZS in the complex TCM system for the treatment of FS, and predict the mechanism. Materials and Methods: Databases such as BATMAN, TCMSP, TCMID, and SWISS TARGET are used to mine the active compounds and targets of LZS, and the target information of FS was obtained through GENECARDS and OMIM. Using Venny2.1.0 and Cytoscape software to locked the potential core compounds and targets of FS. The R language and ClusterProfiler software package were adopt to enrich and analyze the KEGG and GO pathways of the core targets and the biological processes and potential mechanisms of the core targets were revealed. Results: 187 active compounds and 2113 target proteins of LZS were collected. And 38 potential core compounds, 35 core targets and 775 metabolic and functional pathways were screened which involved in mediating FS. Finally, the role of the core compounds, targets and pivotal pathways of LZS regulated FS in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of FS was discussed and clarified. Conclusions: In this paper, the multi-compounds, multi-targets and multi-pathways mechanism of LZS in the treatment of FS was preliminarily revealed through the analysis of network pharmacology data, which is consistent with the principle of multi-compounds compatibility of TCM prescriptions and unified treatment of diseases from multiple angles, and it provides a new way for TCM to treat complex diseases caused by multiple factors.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tir ◽  
Johannes Karreth
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
International Environment

After summarizing the theoretical arguments and findings of this book, we discuss key lessons learned from our study. The international environment has a significant influence on civil war development and prevention. Amplifying their conflict-preventing influence on member-states, highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) often coordinate their activities, especially in the area of political violence and state fragility. We then identify a number of tangible, economic incentives as the main pathways of this influence. Overall, this book suggests that the economic benefits of peace provide a potent temptation—for both governments and rebels—to settle low-level armed conflict before it can escalate to full-scale civil war. With these lessons learned, we also identify suggestions for both the research into and practice of conflict management. The chapter closes by pointing to opportunities for making use of our findings to further capitalize on the role of highly structured IGOs in civil war prevention.

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