A Study on Planar Non-constant Curvature Model for Continuum Manipulator with Rubber Skin Layer including Pulling-wire Mechanism

The immobility of the center of mass in spaces of constant curvature is postulated based on its definition obtained in [1]. The system of two particles which interact through a potential depending only on the distance between particles on a three-dimensional sphere is considered. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is formulated and its solutions and trajectory equations are found. It was established that the reduced mass of the system depends on the relative distance.

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Strong Continuum Manipulator for Flexible Endoscopic Surgery

10th Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics 2017 ◽

10.31256/hsmr2017.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Hwang ◽

◽

D.S Kwon

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Surgery ◽

Continuum Manipulator ◽

Flexible Endoscopic Surgery

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Application of the ceramic membrane with hydrophobic skin layer to separation of activated sludge

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0306 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Nomura ◽

Takao Fujii ◽

Motoyuki Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Pore Size ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Membrane Separation ◽

Porous Ceramic ◽

Porous Membrane ◽

Skin Layer ◽

Gas Permeation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cake Layer

Porous membrane of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was formed on the surface of porous ceramic tubes by means of heat treatment of the PTFE particles deposit layer prepared by filtering PTFE microparticles emulsified in aqueous phase. By means of inert gas permeation, pore size was determined and compared with scanning electron micrograph observation. Also rejection measurement of aqueous dextran solutions of wide range of molecular weights showed consistent results regarding the pore size. Since the membrane prepared by this method is stable and has unique features derived from PTFE, it is expected that the membrane has interesting applications in the field of water treatment. Membrane separation of activated sludge by this composite membrane and original ceramics membrane showed that the PTFE membrane gives better detachability of the cake layer formed on the membrane. This might be due to the hydrophobic nature of the PTFE skin layer.

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Topical Lipid Based Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Diseases: A Review

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885513666181112153213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 283-298

Author(s):

Suresh Kumar Sahu ◽

Rakesh Raj ◽

Pooja Mongia Raj ◽

Ram Alpana

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Topical Therapy ◽

Skin Layer ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Systemic Side Effects ◽

Transcutaneous Delivery ◽

Topical Dosage ◽

Topical Dosage Forms

Treatment of skin ailments through systemic administration is limited due to toxicity and patients discomfort. Hence, lower risk of systemic side effects from topical dosage forms like ointments, creams, emulsions and gels is more preferred for the treatment of skin disease. Application of lipid based carriers in drug delivery in topical formulations has recently become one of the major approaches to improve drug permeation, safety, and effectiveness. These delivery systems include liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, Nanoemulsions (NEs), Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and micelles. Most of the liposomes and SLNs based products are in the market while some are under investigation. Transcutaneous delivery of therapeutics to the skin layer by novel lipid based carriers has enhanced topical therapy for the treatment of skin ailments. This article covers an overview of the lipid-based carriers for topical uses to alleviate skin diseases.

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Insight on Ameliorative Role of Selenium Nanoparticles and Niacin in Wound Healing on Adult Female Albino Mice

Current Chemical Biology ◽

10.2174/2212796814666200818111849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 169-186

Author(s):

Marwa Emam ◽

Akaber T. Keshta ◽

Yasser M.A. Mohamed ◽

Yasser A. Attia

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Adult Female ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽

Skin Layer ◽

Positive Control ◽

Healing Time ◽

Selenium Nanoparticles ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Albino Mice

Background: Wound healing is a complex process necessary for repairing damaged tissues and preventing infection. Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were known due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, also niacin has angiogenesis and antioxidant effects that are important in wound healing. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Se NPs and niacin in reducing and accelerating the wound healing time in mice. Methods: A simple wet chemical method has been modified to synthesize Se NPs in order to investigate their effect and niacin on reducing the wound healing in 80 adult female albino mice (250 mm2 full thickness open excision wound) that were divided into eight groups (10 mice/each). After 30-days, the mice were sacrificed, blood and tissue samples were taken for analysis. Results: The results showed that the percentage of wound area had been significantly reduced in Se NPs and niacin treated groups compared to the positive control. The level of Vascular Endothelial cell Growth Factor and Collagenase I in Se NPs and niacin groups significantly exceed those of other groups while Nitric Oxide (NO) was significantly decreased in treated groups. Liver and kidney functions showed the lower toxicity effect of Se NPs and niacin. Skin tissue showed the wound healing effect of Se NPs and niacin by regenerating skin layer compared to the positive group. Conclusion: Se NPs and niacin play an important role in accelerating and reducing the time of wound healing while they were antagonistic to each other.

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