Effect of rubber friction coefficient dependent on pressure and slip velocity to tire performances

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (0) ◽  
pp. OS03-03
Author(s):  
Yasuo OSAWA
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Rubber Friction

A Quantitative Theory for the Computation of Tire Friction Under Severe Conditions of Sliding

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Mc C. Ettles
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Form ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Pavement Friction ◽  
Metal Polymer

Abstract It is proposed that tire-pavement friction is controlled by thermal rather than by hysteresis and viscoelastic effects. A numerical model of heating effects in sliding is described in which the friction coefficient emerges as a dependent variable. The overall results of the model can be expressed in a closed form using Blok's flash temperature theory. This allows the factors controlling rubber friction to be recognized directly. The model can be applied in quantitative form to metal-polymer-ice contacts. Several examples of correlation are given. The difficulties of characterizing the contact conditions in tire-pavement friction reduce the model to qualitative form. Each of the governing parameters is examined in detail. The attainment of higher friction by small, discrete particles of aluminum filler is discussed.

scholarly journals Rubber Wear and the Role of Transfer Films on Rubber Friction on Hard Rough Substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tiwari ◽  
N. Miyashita ◽  
B. N. J. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Transfer Films ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Friction

AbstractWe study the influence of rubber transfer films on the sliding friction between rectangular rubber blocks and a concrete surface. We present experimental results for the friction coefficient for a rubber compound sliding on a concrete surface contaminated by another rubber compound, for two different pairs (A, B) and (C, D) of rubber compounds. For the same rubber compounds, we present theory results which illustrate the relative importance of the viscoelastic and adhesive contribution to the sliding friction. We correlate the calculated rubber friction with the nature of the observed transfer films (or wear processes). Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Dependency of Rubber Friction on Normal Force or Load: Theory and Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Fortunato ◽  
Vincenzo Ciaravola ◽  
Alessandro Furno ◽  
Michele Scaraggi ◽  
Boris Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Pressure Dependency ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT In rubber friction studies, it is often observed that the kinetic friction coefficient μ depends on the nominal contact pressure p. We discuss several possible origins of the pressure dependency of μ: (1) saturation of the contact area (and friction force) due to high nominal squeezing pressure; (2) nonlinear viscoelasticity; (3) nonrandomness in the surface topography, in particular the influence of the skewness of the surface roughness profile; (4) adhesion; and (5) frictional heating. We show that in most cases the nonlinearity in the μ(p) relation is mainly due to process (5), frictional heating, that softens the rubber, increases the area of contact, and (in most cases) reduces the viscoelastic contribution to the friction. In fact, because the temperature distribution in the rubber at time t depends on the sliding history (i.e., on the earlier time t′ < t), the friction coefficient at time t will also depend on the sliding history, that is, it is, strictly speaking, a time integral operator. The energy dissipation in the contact regions between solids in sliding contact can result in high local temperatures that may strongly affect the area of real contact and the friction force (and the wear-rate). This is the case for rubber sliding on road surfaces at speeds above 1 mm/s. Previously, we derived equations that described the frictional heating for solids with arbitrary thermal properties. Here, the theory is applied to rubber friction on road surfaces. Numerical results are presented and compared to experimental data. We observe good agreement between the calculated and measured temperature increase.

Analytical Models for the Deformation and Adhesion Components of Rubber Friction

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Schapery
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Fourier Methods ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Deformation Component

Abstract Fourier methods of analysis are employed to develop linear viscoelastic stress and displacement solutions for use in contact problems, and then some exact results for contact area and the deformation component of the friction coefficient are derived for materials whose complex modulus obeys a power law in frequency. A model for predicting waves of detachment resulting from adhesion is proposed, and it is shown that an analogy exists whereby the solution method for sliding without adhesion can be used to predict these waves and the resulting frictional force.

Effect of the friction coefficient for contact pressure of packer rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 228 (16) ◽  
pp. 2881-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Ma ◽  
Baolong Qu ◽  
Feng Guan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Insight Into

A systematic study of the packer rubber contact pressure under a fixed-displacement load is conducted to gain further insight into the packer seal mechanism. A Y221-114 double rubber packer is investigated using the finite element software ANSYS, where a design of experiments method is utilized to study the effects of the friction coefficient. The results show that the friction coefficient of the packer and the tubing had the greatest effect on contact pressure than other factors. Decreasing the rubber friction coefficient is conducive to forming the double rubber seal and increasing the maximum contact pressure working range. However, there is additionally a slight decrease in the value of maximum contact pressure. The results of the study provide valuable insight into the importance of packer design optimization.

scholarly journals Friction lining coefficient of the drive friction pulley

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Krešák Krešák ◽  
Pavel Peterka ◽  
Ľubomír Ambriško ◽  
Martin Mantič
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Lining Material ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Friction Lining

Mine hoisting KOEPPE system or friction hoist winch work with traction pulley, the pulley rim grooves are lined. Lining has to provide a higher friction coefficient between the rope and the traction pulley. The constructors of mine hoisting machines require from the manufacturers a guaranteed appropriate and stabile value of a friction coefficient at different pressures between a rope and a friction lining under different external conditions (drought, moisture, icing, etc.). The paper presents processed measurements performed on the six samples of the friction lining (G1-G6) made of rubber and the sample of the standard used friction lining (K25). The samples (G1-G6) differ in the chemical composition of the rubber. Due to the confidentiality of the material composition of the friction linings the hardness of the lining material as a discriminator was chosen. The measured values of the friction coefficient of the rubber friction lining samples were compared with the values of the friction coefficient of the friction lining (K25) usually mounted on friction lining pulley.

On Constitutive Relations for Friction From Thermodynamics and Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients

Constitutive and dynamic relations for friction coefficient are presented. A first thrust combines the laws of thermodynamics to relate heat, energy, matter, entropy, and work of forces. The equation sums multiple terms—each with a differential of a variable multiplied by a coefficient—to zero. Thermodynamic considerations suggest that two variables, internal energy and entropy production, must depend on the others. Linear independence of differentials renders equations that yield thermodynamic quantities, properties, and forces as functions of internal energy and entropy production. When applied to a tribocontrol volume, constitutive laws for normal and friction forces, and coefficient of friction are derived and specialized for static and kinetic coefficients of friction. A second thrust formulates dynamics of sliding, with friction coefficient and slip velocity as state variables. Differential equations derived via Newton's laws for velocity and the degradation entropy generation (DEG) theorem for friction coefficient model changes to the sliding interface induced by friction dissipation. The solution suggests that the transition from static to kinetic coefficient of friction with respect to slip velocity for lubricant starved sliding is a property of the motion dynamics of sliding interacting with the dynamics of change of the surface morphology. Finally, sliding with stick-slip was simulated to compare this model to others.

Experimental Investigations on Rubber Friction Coefficient Dependence on Visco-Elastic Characteristics, Track Roughness, Contact Force, and Slide Velocity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Farroni ◽  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
Francesco Timpone
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Dependence ◽  
Glass Marble ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adhesion ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

ABSTRACT The results of an experimental activity, carried out using a prototype of pin on disk machine and aimed at investigating the frictional behavior of visco-elastic materials in sliding contact with rigid asperities, are presented. The pin is a rubber specimen coming from three different passenger automotive tires, while the disk is covered with glass, marble, or 3M anti-slip tape surfaces. Tests, performed both in dry and wet conditions, highlighted that the friction coefficient is strongly influenced by the effect that surface roughness plays on friction mechanisms of adhesion and hysteresis. The results confirmed the theoretical dependence of friction on vertical load, sliding velocity, rubber characteristics, and track conditions.

Goodyear Medalist Lecture. Rubber Friction and its Relation to Tire Traction

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Grosch
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Track Surface ◽  
Laboratory Tool

Abstract Rubber friction differs from that of hard solid materials in that it is not linearly related to the normal load and it depends strongly on sliding speed and temperature. There exists an interrelation between these two variables on their effect on the friction coefficient, first observed for the viscosity of liquids and generally described by the universal WLF transformation equation. The friction coefficient at a constant load is then described by a so-called master curve. Such master curves have been obtained on different types of surface and for gum rubbers as well as filled rubbers on wet and dry surfaces and it is shown that they may also be obtained on ice. The shape of the curve and position on the log(aTv) axis depends on the polymer and the track surface structure indicating that two distinct processes determine the friction: adhesion friction akin to a molecular relaxation process and a deformation process in which energy is lost due to the cyclic deformation of the rubber by the surface asperity. To obtain such a master curve it is necessary to keep the experimental speeds so low that the temperature rise in the contact area can be neglected. In practical tire tests, sliding speeds are high and hence the temperature rises with speed. Since the WLF equation is a negative function of temperature, the range of log(aTv) is limited. If thermocouples are used as sliders on rubber, it is shown that the experimental curves as function of speed can be transformed into a part of a master curve. For compound development friction tests, a limited range of track temperatures and speeds are sufficient to ensure a high correlation with road test data. A single point laboratory measurement may correlate with road tests if carefully chosen. More usually, it leads to misleading conclusions. Side force measurements at a reasonably large slip angle also reflect the friction coefficient and are a useful laboratory tool to evaluate the traction properties of tread compounds.

scholarly journals A Study on Testing of Rubber Friction Coefficient and Its Wear Surface by UMT-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yuqing Zheng ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Lutao Lv ◽  
Zonglin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Surface ◽  
Rubber Friction
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