Pharmacological Investigation of Solanum incanum against P. falciparum, L. infantum, T. cruzi and T. brucei : A Role of Antioxidant Effect and Clinical Overview

The in vitro antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity of the Solanum incanum leaves and fruit extract of Albaha region was assessed against Plasmodium falciparum (chloroquine resistant K1 strain), Leishmania infantum, two Trypanosoma (T. cruzi and T. brucei) and MRC-5 cell-lines respectively. Additionally, ethnomedicinal studies by survey and interview, antioxidant potential by DPPH assay was studied for Solanum incanum. Results indicated that the S. incanum fruit was inactive (IC50: >64 µg/mL) against P.falcipuram but leaves had shown low activity (IC50: 47 µg/mL), against L.infantum both fruit (IC50: 27.3 µg/mL) and leaves (IC50: 27.3 µg/mL) had good activity, against T.brucei both fruit (IC50: 34.1 µg/mL) and leaves (IC50: 32.7 µg/mL) had moderate activity. S incanum fruits (IC50: 9.3 µg/mL) had pronounced activity against T. cruzi but leaves (IC50: 6.0 µg/mL) had pronounced activity against T .cruzi with selectivity index > 1. Solanum incanum fruits had stronger antioxidant activity (IC50: 98.7 µg/mL ) than leaves (IC50 : 293.2 µg/mL) but both fruit and leaves had lower antioxidant activity than standards (Ascorbic acid IC50: 19.1 µg/mL; Trolox IC50: 19.5 µg/mL). Our results demonstrate that S incanum leaves has promising activity against T .cruzi possibly active constituents like flavonoid, solasonine and solamargine are contributing for this effect. Furthermore previous reports demonstrate that T .cruzi infection is inhibited by antioxidant effects through NRF2 upregulation, possibly our extracts inhibited T .cruzi through antioxidant pathway.

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Competing Role of Bioactive Constituents inMoringa oleiferaExtract and Conventional Nutrition Feed on the Performance of Cobb 500 Broilers

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/970398 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Govindarajan Karthivashan ◽

Palanisamy Arulselvan ◽

Abd. Razak Alimon ◽

Intan Safinar Ismail ◽

Sharida Fakurazi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Antioxidant Effects

The influence ofMoringa oleifera(MO) leaf extract as a dietary supplement on the growth performance and antioxidant parameters was evaluated on broiler meat and the compounds responsible for the corresponding antioxidant activity were identified. 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/v of MO leaf aqueous extracts (MOLE) were prepared, and nutritional feed supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w of MO leaf meal (MOLM) extracts were also prepared and analysed for theirin vitroantioxidant potential. Furthermore, the treated broiler groups (control (T1) and treatment (T2, T3, and T4)) were evaluated for performance, meat quality, and antioxidant status. The results of this study revealed that, among the broilers fed MOLM, the broilers fed 0.5% w/w MOLM (T2) exhibited enhanced meat quality and antioxidant status (P<0.05). However, the antioxidant activity of the MOLE is greater than that of the MOLM. The LC-MS/MS analysis of MOLM showed high expression of isoflavones and fatty acids from soy and corn source, which antagonistically inhibit the expression of the flavonoids/phenols in the MO leaves thereby masking its antioxidant effects. Thus, altering the soy and corn gradients in conventional nutrition feed with 0.5% w/w MO leaves supplement would provide an efficient and cost-effective feed supplement.

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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Artocarpus hirsutus methanolic fruit extract: An in vitro study

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/dec2013/19 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

suvarna M N Vinay ◽

◽

Ramesh B S Ramesh B S ◽

Venkatachalapathy R Venkatachalapathy R ◽

Makari Hanumantappa K ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Fruit Extract

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A Review on Melatonin’s Effects in Cancer: Potential Mechanisms

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520617666171121120223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 985-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽

Ertan Kucuksayan ◽

Rana Cagla Akduman ◽

Tomris Ozben

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Membrane Receptors ◽

Cancer Development ◽

Secretory Product ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

G Protein Coupled

This systematic review aims to elucidate the role of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-metoxy-tryptamine) (MLT) in the prevention and treatment of cancer. MLT is a pineal gland secretory product, an evolutionarily highly conserved molecule; it is also an antioxidant and an impressive protector of mitochondrial bioenergetic activity. MLT is characterized by an ample range of activities, modulating the physiology and molecular biology of the cell. Its physiological functions relate principally to the interaction of G Protein-Coupled MT1 and MT2 trans-membrane receptors (GPCRs), a family of guanidine triphosphate binding proteins. MLT has been demonstrated to suppress the growth of various tumours both, in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we analyze in depth, the antioxidant activity of melatonin, aiming to illustrate the cancer treatment potential of the molecule, by limiting or reversing the changes occurring during cancer development and growth.

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Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽

Netima Chamnansilpa ◽

Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽

Thavaree Thilavech ◽

Charoonsri Choosak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

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Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-200695 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Etsuo Niki

Keyword(s):

Biological Molecules ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Multiple Oxidants ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/2879793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽

Alina Elena Pârvu ◽

Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽

Marcel Pârvu ◽

Eva Fischer Fodor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Stress Index ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mahonia Aquifolium ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

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In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Activity of Serum and Plasma Samples As Well As Glutathione Exposed to Various Exogenous Stress Factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-630921/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk ◽

Łukasz Paprotny ◽

Agnieszka Celejewska ◽

Dorota Szewczak ◽

Dorota Wianowska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Exogenous Stress

Abstract The imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and their sequestration promotes the formation of so-called oxidative stress conditions which are considered crucial in the aging process and development of many human diseases. Glutathione plays an essential role in the antioxidative barricade against ROS. Its role in the detoxification process of xenobiotics and carcinogen is also known. However, there are no comparative studies on the antioxidant properties of both biological samples and glutathione as well as the change in these properties as a result of exposure to various stress factors. This paper fills this gap comparing the antioxidant activity of serum and plasma samples of the known glutathione content with the activity of glutathione itself assessed by the different methods. In addition, it reveals a significant role of environmental xenobiotics in oxidative stress and differentiates the stress induced by different groups of drugs, among which the greatest one has been demonstrated for antiarrhythmic drugs and cytostatics. More importantly, it proves that human plasma is more resistant to stress factors and N-acetylcysteine clearly promotes the extension of antioxidant properties of both the plasma and serum samples. The latter conclusion is consistent with the implied preventive and/or supportive action of this drug against SARS-CoV-2.

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Evaluation of theIn VitroandIn VivoAntioxidant Potentials ofSudarshanaPowder

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/6743862 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weerakoon Achchige Selvi Saroja Weerakoon ◽

Pathirage Kamal Perera ◽

Dulani Gunasekera ◽

Thusharie Sugandhika Suresh

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Control Group ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Sudarshanapowder (SP) is one of the most effective Ayurveda powder preparations for paediatric febrile conditions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate thein vitroandin vivoantioxidant potentials of SP. Thein vitroantioxidant effects were evaluated using ABTS radical cation decolourization assay where the TROLOX equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was determined. Thein vivoantioxidant activity of SP was determined in Wistar rats using the Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) assay in serum. Thein vitroassay was referred to as the TROLOX equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. For thein vivoassay, animals were dosed for 21 consecutive days and blood was drawn to evaluate the MDA level. Thein vitroantioxidant activity of 0.5 μg of SP was equivalent to 14.45 μg of standard TROLOX. The percentage inhibition against the radical formation was50.93±0.53%. The SP showed a statistically significant (p<0.01) decrease in the serum level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance in the test rats when compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the SP possesses potent antioxidant activity which may be responsible for some of its reported bioactivities.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Cedrus brevifolia Bark

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900412 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Cretu ◽

Juha-Pekka Salminen ◽

Maarit Karonen ◽

Anca Miron ◽

Christiana Charalambous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Antioxidant Effects

A raw extract and four extractive fractions were obtained from Cedrus brevifolia (Cyprus cedar) bark. They were all studied regarding the phenolic content and profile using spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro assays: DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and reducing power assays. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents; a taxifolin-O-hexoside, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin oligomers (three dimers, two trimers) were identified in this fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to possess the highest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging effects (EC50=13.9 ± 0.3 and 2.3 ± 0.0 μg/mL, respectively) and reducing capacity (EC50=9.1 ±0.1 μg/mL). Antioxidant effects were highly correlated with total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents (r=0.89-0.99). These results suggest that Cedrus brevifolia bark is a new source of antioxidants.

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