scholarly journals Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of Oroxylum Indicum Leafin C57BL/6 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586
Author(s):  
Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan ◽  
Mohammad Rasul Arif Mastika ◽  
Fathin Faahimaah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Noramalina Noralidin ◽  
Nur Athirah Abd Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Relative Organ Weight

Oroxylum indicumalso known as ‘pucukbeko’ in Malaysia is often consumed as raw salad (ulam) due to the belief that the plant has numerous therapeutics activities that could improve health. Despite its medicinal potential,however, there has been very limited data on the plant’s safety and toxicity profile particularly for long term consumption. More depth insight and evidence-based studies are needed to verify its safety as a potential herb. Therefore, this study aims to investigate sub acute oral toxicity of ethanol extract of O. indicum in C57BL/6 male mice. Twenty-five mice (n=5) were orally administered at single dose of normal saline (control), vehicle (5% DMSO), extracts (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg bw), respectively in accordance with OECD Guideline 420 for 28 days. Liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, testes, spleen,and blood samples were collected to determine the effects of the extract on the relative organ weight, tissue changes, and blood profile alterations in the end of the study. The sub-acute toxicity results demonstrated no lethal effects and abnormal behavioural changes in mice treated with an expansion dose up to a maximum of 500 mg/kg. No significant (p>0.05) changes in body weights, relative organ weight and haematological evaluation. Nevertheless, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the urea, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and alanine transaminase (ALT) values but the levels were still within the acceptable range. Histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney tissues also revealed no striking lesions. This study displays that mice treated with an increasing dose ofO. indicum leaf ethanolic extract up to a maximum 500mg/kg bw did not cause any toxicological effects and considered safe to be consumed and used for therapeutic purposes

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACTINOSCIRPUS GROSSUS (L.F.) GOETGH. AND D.A. SIMPSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Savin Chanthala Ganapathi ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Shivaraja Shankara Ym ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Toxic Potential

Objective: To study the acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant was assessed for single dose acute toxicity by employing Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 425 using Acute Oral Toxicity(AOT) software. The dosed (up or down as per the requirement) rats were observed for 14 days for general appearance, behavior, mortality, and necropsy. A total of 5 healthy female rats of body weight 225±25 g were used.Results: The test substance did not produce any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg per oral.Conclusion: Test substance is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals and the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of A. grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity evaluation of Andrographis paniculata-standardized first true leaf ethanolic extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luksamee Worasuttayangkurn ◽  
Watanyoo Nakareangrit ◽  
Jackapun Kwangjai ◽  
Pishyaporn Sritangos ◽  
Nanthanit Pholphana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
True Leaf

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽  
AJI SUTRISNO ◽  
TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽  
HARIJONO ◽  
MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Andini Dita Utami ◽  
Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tubular Dilatation

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300,  2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation.  There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. Keywords: Acute Toxicity,  Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Standardized Ethanolic Extract of the Rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb

Molecules ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2925-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutha Devaraj ◽  
Azadeh Sabetghadam Esfahani ◽  
Sabariah Ismail ◽  
Surash Ramanathan ◽  
Mun Fei Yam
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

Effects of Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Studies of Ethanol Extract of Tanacetum parthenium (L) Sch. Bip. Aerial Parts in Mice and Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Enciso-Roca ◽  
Enrique Aguilar-Felices ◽  
Johnny Tinco-Jayo ◽  
Jorge Arroyo-Acevedo ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Tanacetum Parthenium

scholarly journals Anti-malarial activity and toxicity of Aspidosperma nitidum Benth: a plant used in traditional medicine in the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5059108817
Author(s):  
Dayse Lucia do Nascimento Brandão ◽  
Michel Tavares Martins ◽  
Adreanne Oliveira Silva ◽  
Amanda Dias Almeida ◽  
Renata Cristina de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of the extract and fractions obtained from the bark of Aspidosperma nitidum. The ethanol extract obtained from the powdered bark of plants was acid-base partitioned and phytochemically analyzed. The antiplasmodial activity, in vivo antimalarial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity were acessed. The selectivity index (SI) was calculated. The acute oral toxicity and pathological effects, of the ethanol extract was evaluated in mice. The major constituent of the ethanol extract was suggestive of a β-carboline chromophore. The alkaloid and neutral fractions contained compounds with an aspidospermine core as the major constituent. The ethanol extract (IC50 = 3.60 µg/mL), neutral fraction (IC50 = 3.34 µg/mL) and alkaloid fraction (IC50= 2.32 µg/mL) showed high activity against P. falciparum (W2 strain). The ethanol extract and the alkaloid fraction reduced 80% of the parasitemia of P. berghei (ANKA)-infected mice (dose of 500 mg/kg) in the 5th day, which was not sustainable at the 8th day. A similar result was obtained for chloroquine. The ethanol extract (CC50 = 410.65 µg/mL; SI = 114.07), neutral fraction (CC50 = 452.53 µg/mL; SI = 135.49), and alkaloid fraction (CC50 =346.73 µg/mL; SI 149.45) demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high SI. The ethanol extract (5000 mg/kg; gavage) presented low acute oral toxicity, with no clinical or anatomopathological modifications being observed (in comparison to the control group). In vitro studies with a chloroquine-resistant clone of P. falciparum confirmed the antiplasmodial activity of the A. nitidum ethanol extract, and its fractions had low cytotoxicity for HepG2 cells. In vivo studies with P. berghei–infected mice and acute toxicity studies corroborated these results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus da Silva Mesquita ◽  
Gabriela Cavalcante da Silva ◽  
Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Paloma Lys de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Oral Toxicity

This work evaluated an ethanolic extract from Morus alba leaves for toxicity to Artemia salina, oral toxicity to mice, and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes in the extract, which did not show toxicity to A. salina nauplii. No mortality and behavioral alterations were detected for mice treated with the extract (300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. However, animals that received the highest dose showed reduced MCV and MCHC as well as increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. In treatments with the extract at both 300 and 2000 mg/kg, there was a reduction in number of leukocytes, with decrease in percentage of lymphocytes and increase in proportion of segmented cells. Histopathological analysis of organs from mice treated with the extract at 2000 mg/kg revealed turgidity of contorted tubules in kidneys, presence of leukocyte infiltration around the liver centrilobular vein, and high dispersion of the spleen white pulp. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus flavus. In conclusion, the extract contains antimicrobial agents and was not lethal for mice when ingested; however, its use requires caution because it promoted biochemical, hematological, and histopathological alterations.

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