scholarly journals Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Andini Dita Utami ◽  
Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tubular Dilatation

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300,  2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation.  There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. Keywords: Acute Toxicity,  Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) in Wistar rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Youmbie Djanche Duplex Bonheur ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Kada Sanda Antoine ◽  
Fotsing David ◽  
Dimo Théophile
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The present study investigated the toxicological potential of the oral administration of the stem bark aqueous extract of R. vomitoria on the liver and kidney in rats. Acute oral toxicity study of the extract to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was studied in 10 rats of both sexes. Sub –acute oral toxicity of aqueous extract of was carried out on 60 rats. We constituted 4 groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) which were orally administered 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and control group received water. 2 group satellites (SAT) of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) in which one group (SAT 900 mg/kg) was received orally 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and another (SAT control) water. Serum blood was collected for biochemical and haematological parameters. The liver and kidney served for histological examination. No deaths of acute oral toxicity were recorded. In female rats, Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT) activity increased by 31.20 % and Alamine Aminotransferase (ALAT) increased by 37.20 %. In male rats, only ALAT activity increased significantly by 35.37 % compared to control. Haematological analysis revealed in male rats treated at the dose of 900 mg/kg an increase significant (p<0.001) level of white blood cells with 52.20 %, compared to control group. Histological examination of liver and kidney showed normal architecture. Aqueous extract has untoward effect on liver and kidney, could be considered non-toxic.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Test of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) on Liver and Kidney of Switzerland Mice

Sains Medika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astika Widy Utomo ◽  
Neni Susilaningsih ◽  
Desy Armalina
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Introduction: The soursoup leaves extract (Annona muricata) has widely been used as traditional medicine for cancer. No studies have been conduct to investigate the safety of the extract. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity test of soursoup leaves extract (Annona muricata) on Swiss mice’s liver and kidney.Methods: Twenty four mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I was control group, while group II-IV was given soursoup leaves extract as single dose orally via sonde. The mice were obsereved until day 7 to determine the LD50 and at the end were terminated to collect the liver and kidney. The organs later were made into histopathology slides. The slides read with light microscope. The data analyzed with ANOVA and was considered significant at p<0.05.Results: All mice were alive during the 7 days observation and no mice showing the toxic spectrum after the dosing. Microscopically, no damage on the liver and kidney organ among the groups.Conclusion: The LD50 of soursoup leaves extract is more than 2000 mg/kgBW. This result indicate that the extract is practically non toxic and do not damage the liver and kidney.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of Aristolochia longa L. of aqueous extract in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawel Merouani ◽  
Rachid Belhattab
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used to treat breast cancer in Algerian traditional medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ingestion of aqueous extracts of different parts of the plant on liver and kidney functions in wistar albinos mice. Acute oral toxicity was performed to determine DL50, this toxicity was carried out by the oral administration in single doses of 0–12 g/kg for tubers aqueous extracts and 2 g/kg and 5 g/kg for aerial and fruit aqueous extract respectively.  General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and biochemical study was done. The acute oral toxicity result revealed that LD50 of the tubers and fruit aqueous extracts was respectively more than 12 g/kg and 5 g/kg, but DL50 of the aerial aqueous extract was at 5 g/kg. The result revealed also that liver and kidney function of different groups receiving high doses was affected as ASAT, ALAT, Urea, creatinine was significantly increased as compared to control group. Histological examination showed alterations of the renal parenchyma and the liver which is greater in animals treated with high dose. Thus, caution should be exercised with its usage. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Histological examination Aristolochia longa L.

Histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of Wistar albino rat exposed to fenitrothion

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Afshar ◽  
AA Farshid ◽  
R Heidari ◽  
M Ilkhanipour
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on the liver and kidney. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats that were divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group) and were treated orally with different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of FNT for 28 consecutive days. After treatment, the rats were anesthetized with ether and liver and kidney samples were taken for histological studies. The results showed that the histopathological changes in the liver were mainly represented by parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes with mild necrosis, leukocytic infiltration in the portal area, severe congestion, and hemorrhage. These changes were dose dependent. Marked tubular dilation, hydropic degeneration in tubular epithelium, moderate congestion, and hemorrhage in the cortical and medulla part of the kidney were recorded. Histopathologic examination of the liver and kidney indicated a significant injury only in rats receiving 100 mg/kg FNT.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Selected Philippine Indigenous Berries as Potential Food Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 684-684
Author(s):  
Maria Amelita Estacio ◽  
Liezl Atienza ◽  
Roxanne Gapasin ◽  
Jonna Rose Maniwang ◽  
James Ryan Aranzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives “Bignay” (Antidesma bunius), “lipote” (Syzygium polycephaloides) and “duhat” (Syzgium cumini) are indigenous berries in the Philippines that are known to contain high antioxidant properties and other health-promoting and disease-preventing compounds. However, oral toxicity studies on these berries are not yet explored. Hence, this study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of these berries in freeze-dried forms using 6-week old ICR mice following the OECD guidelines 425 (up and down method). Methods Treatment groups were administered with freeze-dried powders of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” reconstituted in distilled water at various doses: 55 mg/kg body weight (BW), 175 mg/kg BW, 550 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW while control group was administered with distilled water. Body weight, feed and water intake were obtained daily. Biochemical profiles were measured prior to administration of reconstituted berries at day 1 and prior to euthanasia. Toxicity, morbidity and mortality cases were observed daily. Euthanasia and necropsy were performed to check for gross organ abnormalities. Results Mice that received the different concentrations of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” had normal feed and water consumption and gained weight during the test period. No clinical and behavioral signs of toxicity were observed and there was zero morbidity and mortality. Post-mortem evaluation showed no lesions on various organs examined. Blood ALT, BUN and creatinine levels were within normal published values. Conclusions These results show that different concentrations of freeze-dried “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” are non-toxic using ICR mice and therefore have high potential to be developed into food supplements and nutraceuticals. Funding Sources Philippine Council for Health Research and Development - Department of Food Science and Technology Enhanced Creative Work and Research Grant - Office of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACTINOSCIRPUS GROSSUS (L.F.) GOETGH. AND D.A. SIMPSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Savin Chanthala Ganapathi ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Shivaraja Shankara Ym ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Toxic Potential

Objective: To study the acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant was assessed for single dose acute toxicity by employing Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 425 using Acute Oral Toxicity(AOT) software. The dosed (up or down as per the requirement) rats were observed for 14 days for general appearance, behavior, mortality, and necropsy. A total of 5 healthy female rats of body weight 225±25 g were used.Results: The test substance did not produce any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg per oral.Conclusion: Test substance is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals and the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of A. grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity evaluation of Andrographis paniculata-standardized first true leaf ethanolic extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luksamee Worasuttayangkurn ◽  
Watanyoo Nakareangrit ◽  
Jackapun Kwangjai ◽  
Pishyaporn Sritangos ◽  
Nanthanit Pholphana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
True Leaf

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Precious Barnes ◽  
Joshua Kwame Yeboah ◽  
Wilson Gbedema ◽  
Roland Osei Saahene ◽  
Benjamin Amoani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Heavy metal toxicity contributes to liver and kidney dysfunction and damage through oxidative stress mechanisms; however, from previous studies, extracts from the Vernonia amygdalina plant have shown to possess potent antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at uncovering the potential ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract from Vernonia amygdalina plant in heavy metal toxicity-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. For this study, 44 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The control group received a basal diet and water only while the treatment groups received varied dosages of the heavy metals. The copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) groups had five subgroups. The Cu only and Cu recovery subgroups were administered with 16 mg/kg Cu intraperitoneally daily for 14 days, whereas the Pb only and Pb recovery subgroups were administered with 13 mg/kg Pb intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Subsequently, the Pb only and Cu only subgroups were sacrificed. The three Pb and Cu treatment subgroups received oral graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of the extract for 21 days. The Cu recovery and Pb recovery subgroups were left to recover for 21 days. After histological examinations, the Pb and Cu pretreatment groups showed evidence of focal necrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltrations. The serum levels of liver biomarkers AST, ALT, and GGT, as well as urea and creatinine, were significantly elevated (P=0.01) following copper and lead exposure. Upon posttreatment of the rats with the extract, the physiological levels of the biomarkers were restored and tissue architecture of the organs improved. Thus, the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina is capable of ameliorating the effects of heavy metal toxicity through potent antioxidative mechanisms.

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