scholarly journals Age- and gender-specific variations of the epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle in adolescents without hip pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Novais ◽  
K.-P. Kienle ◽  
P. E. Miller ◽  
G. Bowen ◽  
Y.-J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Purpose To determine age-and gender-dependent variation of epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle using CT in adolescents without hip pathology. Methods Pelvic CT scans were obtained in 132 adolescents for evaluation of abdominal pain. Radially oriented planes around the femoral neck were reformatted and the epiphyseal tilt and angle were measured in the anterior, anterosuperior and superior planes. Variations in the tilt angle and epiphyseal angle were assessed by age group from 12 to 18 years and gender by using a linear mixed model analysis. Results The epiphyseal tilt did not change (p = 0.97) with increasing age. Male patients exhibited smaller tilt angle in the anterosuperior plane (p = 0.003) but no difference was detected in the anterior (p = 0.17) or superior (p = 0.06) planes. The epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in the anterior (p = 0.03), anterosuperior (p = 0.001) and superior (p < 0.001) planes in male patients, with no variation in female patients (p = 0.92). Male patients had larger epiphyseal angles in the anterior (p = 0.02), anterosuperior (p < 0.001) and superior (p = 0.002) planes compared with female patients. Conclusion We found no age-specific variations in the epiphyseal tilt and no difference in the epiphyseal tilt in male and female patients in the superior and anterior plane. The epiphyseal angle was smaller in female patients, however, the epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in male patients which corresponds to an increase in epiphyseal extension. The reference values reported in this study may serve as additional information in the evaluation of adolescents with hip pain and as reference for future studies investigating slipped capital femoral epiphysis and femoroacetabular impingement development. Level of Evidence Level III Diagnostic Study

International Swimming League: Do Successive Events Lead to Improve Swimming Performance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robin Pla ◽  
Arthur Leroy ◽  
Yannis Raineteau ◽  
Philippe Hellard
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
World Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: To quantify the impact of successive competitions on swimming performance in world-class swimmers. Methods: An entire data set of all events swum during a new competition named the International Swimming League was collected. A Bayesian linear mixed model has been proposed to evaluate whether a progression could be observed during the International Swimming League’s successive competitions and to quantify this effect according to event, age, and gender. Results: An overall progression of 0.0005 (0.0001 to 0.0010) m/s/d was observed. The daily mean progression (ie, faster performance) was twice as high for men as for women (0.0008 [0.00 to 0.0014] vs 0.0003 [−0.0003 to 0.0009] m·s−1). A tendency toward higher progression for middle distances (200 and 400 m) and for swimmers of a higher caliber (above 850 FINA [Fédération Internationale de Natation] points) was also observed. Swimmers between 23 and 26 years of age seemed to improve their swimming speed more in comparison with the other swimmers. Conclusions: This new league format, which involves several competitions in a row, seems to allow for an enhancement in swimming performance. Coaches and their support staff can now adapt their periodization plan in order to promote competition participation.

scholarly journals Age and Gender: Affecting the Positive Rates of Serum PAB and ANCA in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qingquan Chen ◽  
Shirong Huang ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shuyu Zhang ◽  
Qicai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of immune-mediated conditions. Immune activity is varied by age and gender. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of age and gender on the positive rates of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-intestinal goblet cell antibodies (GAB), and antibodies to exocrine pancreas (PAB) in IBD patients. A total of 1871 hospitalized patients with confirmed IBD were included in this study. Sera were obtained from each subject for antibody measurement by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The positive rates of ANCA IgG and IgA were higher in female patients than those in male patients ( P < 0.001 ) while the positive rate of PAB IgG was just reversed ( P < 0.001 ). Moreover, the median ages of patients with positive ANCA IgG and IgA were higher than patients with negative antibodies ( P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0110 , respectively), while the median ages of patients with positive PAB IgG and IgA were significantly lower than patients with negative PAB ( P < 0.0001 ). The serum levels of ANCA IgG and IgA were potentiated in old female patients, while serum PAB IgG was easy to be detected in the young male patients with IBD.

scholarly journals Demographic Predictors of Concomitant Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus in Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 247301142110133
Author(s):  
Yong Sang Kim ◽  
Tae Yong Kim ◽  
Yong Gon Koh
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Lateral Ankle Instability ◽  
Talar Tilt

Background: Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is commonly found as a concomitant pathologic lesion in a large proportion of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). This study investigated which characteristics in a patient with CLAI increase the risk for OLT. Methods: Three hundred sixty-four patients who underwent a modified Broström operation for their CLAI were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics of each patient and variables associated with OLTs were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effect of each potential predictor on the incidence of OLT, and to evaluate the associations between the patient characteristics and variables associated with OLTs. Results: Patients with OLTs were more frequently female (female vs male: 63.1% vs 43.9%, P = .003). In addition, the lesion sizes were larger in female patients (female vs male: 113.9 ± 24.9 mm2 vs 100.7 ± 18.0 mm2, P = .002), and medial lesions were more common in female patients (female vs male; 93.3% vs 81.8%, P = .036). The lesion sizes were larger in patients with a wider talar tilt angle ( P < .001), and patients with a medial OLT showed a wider talar tilt angle (12.0 ± 2.0 degrees vs 10.3 ± 2.2 degrees, P = .002). Conclusion: In this CLAI patient cohort, we found female patients to be at greater risk for OLTs than male patients. Furthermore, CLAI female patients with concomitant OLT had on average a larger lesion size, more frequent OLT medial position, and were associated with wider talar tilt angles, suggesting that females had more intrinsic ankle instability than males. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

scholarly journals Increased body mass index percentile is associated with decreased epiphyseal tubercle size in asymptomatic children and adolescents with healthy hips

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Shayan Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ata M. Kiapour ◽  
Daniel A. Maranho ◽  
Seyed Alireza Emami ◽  
Patricia Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
3D Software

Purpose To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) percentile impacts the morphology of the capital femoral epiphysis in children and adolescents without hip disorders. Methods We assessed 68 subjects with healthy hips who underwent a pelvic CT for evaluation of appendicitis. There were 32 male patients (47%) and the mean age was 11.6 years (sd 2.3). The BMI (k/m2) was calculated for sex- and age-related percentiles according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. CT images were segmented, and the epiphysis and metaphysis were reformatted using 3D software. We measured the epiphyseal tubercle (height, width and length), the metaphyseal fossa (depth, width and length) and the peripheral cupping of the epiphysis. All measurements were normalized to the diameter of the epiphysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations between the variables measured and BMI percentile adjusted for age. Results Following adjustment to age, increased BMI correlated to decreased tubercle height (r =-0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.53 to -0.11; p = 0.005), decreased tubercle length (r = -0.32; 95%CI -0.52 to -0.09; p = 0.008) and decreased tubercle width (r = -0.3; 95% CI -0.5 to -0.07; p = 0.01). There was no correlation between BMI and metaphyseal fossa and epiphyseal cupping measurements. Conclusion The association between increased BMI percentile and decreased epiphyseal tubercle size, without changes of the metaphyseal fossa and peripheral cupping suggests another morphological change of the femur that may be associated with decreased growth plate resistance to shear stress. Further study is necessary to investigate whether the epiphyseal tubercle size plays a role in the pathogenesis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in obese children and adolescents. Level of Evidence Level IV

Soft Tissue Thickness Variations of the Nose: A Radiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Melekber Çavuş Özkan ◽  
Fatma Yeşil ◽  
İnci Bayramiçli ◽  
Mehmet Bayramiçli
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Coverage ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Soft Tissue Envelope ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Soft tissue thickness (STT) is a major factor affecting the outcome in rhinoplasty. However, limited information is found in the literature on the age- and gender-related variations of the nasal STT. Objectives The purpose of this study was to measure STT at various landmarks over the nasal framework and compare the age- and gender-related differences. Methods STT measurements were made at 11 landmarks in 325 patients by employing magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into subgroups to compare the STT differences between female and male and between the age groups as young, middle age, and elderly. Results Soft tissue was thickest at the nasion and thinnest at the rhinion. The soft tissue coverage was significantly thicker in the male population at the supratip, tip, nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages, and alar lobules, whereas it is thicker in females at the rhinion. Average thickness of the soft tissues over the entire nasal framework increases with age except the rhinion. Conclusions The STT is variable over different parts of the osteocartilaginous framework. Gender and age influence the STT. The soft tissue is thicker at the distal half of the nose in male patients, and these areas become gradually thicker with age, whereas the soft tissue over the midvault becomes thinner. Increasing age presents a particular challenge to achieve predictable results in rhinoplasty, and an understanding of the soft tissue envelope allows for improved aesthetic outcome. Level of Evidence 2

Do Ethnicity, Age, or Gender Independently Predict Overall Survival in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia – a SEER Review of AML Diagnosis from 2004-2007.

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1269-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed N Kanaan ◽  
Utkarsh H Acharya ◽  
Haiyan Cui ◽  
Denise J Roe
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
West Region ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) portends a poor prognosis accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality among hematologic malignancies. While studies have reported that older age, adverse cytogenetics, and molecular markers implicate survival, there is a considerable scarcity of epidemiologic literature to enhance our understanding of this disease. We aimed to study the epidemiology and survival outcome of AML and its correlation with the age, race, gender and region of diagnosis by reviewing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program (SEER database). Methods: The SEER database (version 8.1.5) was reviewed for patients with histologically confirmed non APL-AML (ICD-O-3) between 2004-2007. Age of included patients ranged from 15 years to 90 years. Collected variables in the analysis included: date of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, location of diagnosis, reported intervals of follow up and 3- year overall survival (OS). Primary outcome was 3-year median OS correlation with age, race and gender. All SEER registries were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed using Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: A total of 13,238 pts with non APL-AML were included between 2004 and 2007. The mean age in was 61.6 years. The Caucasian to non-Caucasian race ratio was 5:1 and male to Female ratio was 7:6. The 3-year overall survival was statistically significant for ethnicity as non-Caucasian group had better 3 year OS (26.8%) compared with Caucasians (23.45 %, p = 0.0009). However, the association with overall survival based on ethnicity was not significant after adjusting for region, gender and age (p = 0.5881). When examining for gender, female patients demonstrated improved 3 year OS compared with male patients which held true irrespective of region, race, or age (p = 0.0036). OS was also associated with region of diagnosis as patients in East region had better survival when compared with patients in West region (HR 0.96). The patients in South and Midwest regions had poorer survival when compared with the West region (HR 1.01 and 1.13, respectively). This survival difference was statistically significant after adjusting for age, race and gender. Interestingly, when OS was analyzed according to age, the hazard ratio increased by 20% with every 5 year increment in age despite adjustments for region, race, and gender (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Non APL-AML OS was statistically associated with gender, race, age and region of diagnosis. Non-Caucasian group had better OS compared with Caucasians. However, this association was not significant after adjusting for region, gender and age. However, female patients demonstrated improved 3 year OS compared with male patients after adjusting for confounding factors. Association with region showed statistically significant difference according to region of diagnosis favoring those diagnosed in the East. Interestingly, when OS was analyzed according to age, the hazard ratio increased by 20% with every 5 year increment in age despite adjustments for region, race, and gender. This study suggest that female gender may serve as a favorable risk factor in AML and further confirms that advancing age may confer inferior survival in this disease population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Gender dimorphism in body composition abnormalities in acromegaly: males are more affected than females

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sucunza ◽  
M J Barahona ◽  
E Resmini ◽  
J M Fernández-Real ◽  
J Farrerons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Design And Methods

BackgroundAcromegaly changes body composition (BC), but long-term gender differences have not been reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate BC in active and controlled acromegalic patients.Design and methodsClinical and biochemical variables and BC (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were evaluated in 60 acromegalic patients (19 active, 41 controlled) and 105 controls, matched for age and gender.ResultsAcromegalic males (n=24) had more total mass (89±13 vs 76.5±15.3 kg, P<0.001), lean body mass (LBM; 64.6±8.7 vs 56.4±5.8 kg, P<0.001), and bone mineral content (BMC; 2.9±0.5 vs 2.6±0.3 kg, P<0.05) than controls (n=33). Controlled male patients (n=14) had more total mass (89±14.7 vs 76.5±15.3 kg, P<0.05) and a trend to have more LBM (61.8±9.4 vs 56.4±5.8 kg, P=0.065) than controls. Only in active disease was a decrease in fat mass (FM) observed, compared with controlled patients and controls (males: 19.5±5.3 vs 27±6.2 and 25.9±4%, P<0.001; females: 30.3±6.7 vs 37.1±5.8 and 36.5±6.6%, P<0.01). In females, no further differences were observed. No differences in BMC were found between eugonadal and hypogonadal acromegalic patients, but in hypogonadal females, acromegaly appeared to prevent the BMC loss seen in hypogonadal postmenopausal controls. GH and IGF1 levels were negatively correlated with FM (males, P<0.05; females, P<0.001), but in the regression analysis GH was a predictor of FM only in women.ConclusionsControl of acromegaly reverts decreased FM in both genders; only in males more total mass and a trend for more LBM persist. The anabolic effect of GH on bone reverted in cured males, but persisted in females and appeared to override the bone loss of menopause.

Classification and Treatment of Supramalleolar Deformities

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Knupp ◽  
Sjoerd A.S. Stufkens ◽  
Lilianna Bolliger ◽  
Alexej Barg ◽  
Beat Hintermann
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Background: Supramalleolar osteotomies are increasingly popular for addressing asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. Still, recommendations for the indication and the use of additional procedures remain arbitrary. We preoperatively grouped different types of asymmetric arthritis into several classes and assessed the usefulness of an algorithm based on these classifications for determining the choice of supramalleolar operative procedure and the risk factors for treatment failure. Methods: Ninety-two patients (94 ankles) were followed prospectively and assessed clinically and radiographically 43 months after a supramalleolar osteotomy for asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. Results: Significant improvement of the clinical scores was found. Postoperative reduction of radiological signs of arthritis was observed in mid-stage arthritis. Age and gender did not affect the outcome. Ten ankles failed to respond to the treatment and were converted to total ankle replacements or fused. Conclusions: Supramalleolar osteotomies can be effective for the treatment of early and midstage asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint. However, certain subgroups have a tendency towards a worse outcome and may require additional surgery. Therefore preoperative distinction of different subgroups is helpful for determination of additional procedures. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study

scholarly journals Development of the Canadian Substance Use Exposure Database (CanSUED): Modeling the prevalence of substance use in Canadian Jurisdictions, 2006 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Justin Sorge ◽  
Adam Sherk ◽  
John Dorocicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Small area and regional estimates of substance use (SU) exposures are increasingly needed to support estimation of the burden of SU-attributable morbidity and mortality. There is also a need to assess SU prevalence for subgroups by place, time and sociodemographic characteristics to plan the efficient delivery of treatment and harm reduction services. However, the data available from national surveys are often insufficient to produce reliable estimates for subgroups because of small sample sizes. There are also often missing estimates for some jurisdictions and some years when no surveys were conducted. We describe new methods which utilize Canadian national survey data of SU, sales, SU attributable hospitalisations and demographic data to develop the Canadian Substance Use Exposure Database (CanSUED). Estimates from this database have been used in the study of Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harm (CSUCH). Methods Exposures were estimated for eight substance categories: alcohol, tobacco, opioids, cannabis, cocaine, other central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, other CNS depressants and other psychoactive substances. The design-based direct estimates of SU were based on the Canadian Alcohol and Drug Monitoring Survey (CADUMS) in 2008-2012, the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Survey (CTADS) in 2013, 2015 and 2017, per capita alcohol and tobacco sales, and rates of wholly SU-attributable hospitalisations for all Canadian jurisdictions by age and gender. Multilevel models were used to model the design-based estimates of SU to produce reliable estimates for subgroups when the coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimates were > 33.3% and to predict SU exposure in ten provinces in 2006, 2007, 2014 and 2016 and in the three territories for 2006-2017 by using empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). Results Direct design-based estimates were based on the surveys from a total of 107,750 Canadians aged 15+. The analyses produced reliable estimates of SU prevalence by year-province-gender-age using mixed models with the EBLUP method. Correlational analyses show that the model-based estimates were significantly related to the design-based estimates produced from both the CADUMS/CTADS and Canadian Community Health Survey. The new model estimates indicate increases in binge drinking, cannabis use, other CNS depressant substance use and cocaine use between 2006 and 2017. Rates of use of opioids and tobacco showed declines. Rates of use of other substances were relatively stable or did not show overall change across the whole time period. Conclusion The mixed model-adjusted approaches produced reliable estimates for small areas and age-gender groups and help fill gaps caused by data suppression in local and national surveys. We suggest that these methods provide the most comprehensive and reliable estimates available of Canadian substance use by substance category, year, jurisdiction, age and gender. The methods could also be applied in other countries where similar data are available.

Gender and survival benefit from initial irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of the XELAVIRI (AIOKRK0110) study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3559-3559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Heinrich ◽  
Dominik Paul Modest ◽  
Ingrid Ricard ◽  
Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal ◽  
Thomas Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Status Interaction ◽  
And Gender

3559 Background: XELAVIRI compared initial vs sequential irinotecan (iri) in combination with fluoropyrimidine (FP) plus bevacizumab (bev) in patients (pts) with mCRC, trial identification: NCT01249638. In the full analysis set of the study, non-inferiority of time to failure of strategy (TFS) was not shown (primary endpoint). Pts with RAS/BRAF wildtype (wt) tumors benefitted from initial iri. Methods: The study endpoints objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), time to failure of strategy (TFS) as well as overall survival (OS) were evaluated in female vs. male pts as well as molecular subgroups (i.e. RAS mutational status). Interaction of treatment and gender was tested by likelihood ratio tests. Results: Of 421 patients, 281/140 were male/female. In male patients, ORR was 33.6% without and 58.3% with initial iri (P < 0.001). PFS (HR: 0.54 (95%CI 0.42-0.69) P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 0.63 (95%CI 0.47-0.85), P = 0.002), were also significantly better with initial iri. In the subgroup analysis, this effect was especially pronounced in pts with RAS/BRAF wt tumors. In female pts, ORR was 43% in both arms, PFS was similar (HR: 1.09 (95%CI 0.76-1.55), P = 0.65) without and with initial iri. In OS, a strong trend for inferior outcome with initial iri was seen (HR: 1.46 (95%CI 0.95-2.24), P = 0.08) that reached significance in the multivariate analysis (HR: 1.73 (95%CI 1.04-2.86, P = 0.034). Female patients with RAS/BRAF wt tumors did not benefit from initial iri (HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.46-2.41), P = 0.903 for OS). Formal interaction of treatment and gender was seen for ORR (P = 0.018), PFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.001). There were some trends for more pronounced toxicities in female pts treated with Irinotecan. Conclusions: This unplanned exploratory analysis suggests that gender might interact with efficacy of initial iri when used in the context of FP and bev. While especially male RAS wild-type patients derived a significant and clinically meaningful benefit from initial use of iri, this was not observed in female patients with RAS wt tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT01249638.

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