Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro

Objective: To study the Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of acacia catechu willd on rodent models by controlled release formulation.Methods: Microspheres were prepared by solvent evapoaration method and were evaluated for various parameters like SEM, stability and in vitro relese. And acacia catechu willd loaded microspheres were evaluated for in vivo study involving Gastric ulceration in rats was induced by Ethanol/HCl. Ulcer genic effect (Ulcer Index), pH and Total acidity, Histopathological studies.Results: Results indicated that Acacia catechu willd microspheres contains some active constituents like flavanoid which are responsible for its anti ulcer activity. Also it was observed aqueous extract loaded microspheres showed maximum activity was found (200 mg/kg) with standard Cimetidine (100 mg/kg) also, the results revealed that aqueous extract microspheres at 200 mg/kg had reduced ulcer incidence significantly, when compared to the control as evident by decrease in ulcer score in the model.Conclusion: Based on the result it can be concluded that microspheres loaded with aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu willd produced promising antiulcer activity and were safe.

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Viral Cross-Class Serpin Inhibits Vascular Inflammation and T Lymphocyte Fratricide; A Study in Rodent Models In Vivo and Human Cell Lines In Vitro

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0044694 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e44694 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kasinath Viswanathan ◽

Ilze Bot ◽

Liying Liu ◽

Erbin Dai ◽

Peter C. Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Human Cell ◽

Vascular Inflammation ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Human Cell Lines

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Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Innate Lymphoid Cells: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2347 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bertha Estrella ◽

Elena N. Naumova ◽

Magda Cepeda ◽

Trudy Voortman ◽

Peter D. Katsikis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽

Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Outdoor Air

Outdoor air pollution is associated with respiratory infections and allergies, yet the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in pathogen containment and airway hyperresponsiveness relevant to effects of air pollutants on ILCs is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the available evidence on the effect of outdoor air pollutants on the lung type 1 (ILC1) and type 2 ILCs (ILC2) subsets. We searched five electronic databases (up to Dec 2018) for studies on the effect of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), diesel exhaust particles (DEP), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM) on respiratory ILCs. Of 2209 identified citations, 22 full-text papers were assessed for eligibility, and 12 articles describing experimental studies performed in murine strains (9) and on human blood cells (3) were finally selected. Overall, these studies showed that exposure to PM, DEP, and high doses of O3 resulted in a reduction of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and cytotoxicity of ILC1. These pollutants and carbon nanotubes stimulate lung ILC2s, produce high levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, and induce airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings highlight potential mechanisms by which human ILCs react to air pollution that increase the susceptibility to infections and allergies.

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Loss of MeCP2 disrupts cell autonomous and autocrine BDNF signaling in mouse glutamatergic neurons

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.19374 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Charanya Sampathkumar ◽

Yuan-Ju Wu ◽

Mayur Vadhvani ◽

Thorsten Trimbuch ◽

Britta Eickholt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Synapse Formation ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Glutamatergic Neurons ◽

Trkb Receptors ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bdnf Signaling

Mutations in the MECP2 gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). Previous studies have shown that altered MeCP2 levels result in aberrant neurite outgrowth and glutamatergic synapse formation. However, causal molecular mechanisms are not well understood since MeCP2 is known to regulate transcription of a wide range of target genes. Here, we describe a key role for a constitutive BDNF feed forward signaling pathway in regulating synaptic response, general growth and differentiation of glutamatergic neurons. Chronic block of TrkB receptors mimics the MeCP2 deficiency in wildtype glutamatergic neurons, while re-expression of BDNF quantitatively rescues MeCP2 deficiency. We show that BDNF acts cell autonomous and autocrine, as wildtype neurons are not capable of rescuing growth deficits in neighboring MeCP2 deficient neurons in vitro and in vivo. These findings are relevant for understanding RTT pathophysiology, wherein wildtype and mutant neurons are intermixed throughout the nervous system.

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The synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC): Shifting the paradigm of cell therapy in regenerative engineering

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2116865118 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. e2116865118

Author(s):

Shiv Shah ◽

Caldon Jayson Esdaille ◽

Maumita Bhattacharjee ◽

Ho-Man Kan ◽

Cato T. Laurencin

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Cartilage Degeneration ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Rodent Models

Stem cells are of great interest in tissue regeneration due to their ability to modulate the local microenvironment by secreting bioactive factors (collectively, secretome). However, secretome delivery through conditioned media still requires time-consuming cell isolation and maintenance and also may contain factors antagonistic to targeted tissue regeneration. We have therefore engineered a synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC) system which mimics the paracrine effect of the stem cell secretome and provides tailorability of the composition for targeted tissue regeneration. We report the first of many applications of the SASC system we have formulated to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Choosing growth factors important to chondrogenesis and encapsulating respective recombinant proteins in poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) 85:15 (PLGA) we fabricated the SASC system. We compared the antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of SASC to that of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) using in vitro interleukin 1B-induced and in vivo collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rodent models. We have designed SASC as an injectable therapy with controlled release of the formulated secretome. In vitro, SASC showed significant antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects as seen by the up-regulation of SOX9 and reduction of nitric oxide, ADAMTS5, and PRG4 genes compared to ADSCs. In vivo, treatment with SASC and ADSCs significantly attenuated cartilage degeneration and improved the biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage in comparison to OA control. This SASC system demonstrates the feasibility of developing a completely synthetic, tailorable stem cell secretome which reinforces the possibility of developing a new therapeutic strategy that provides better control over targeted tissue engineering applications.

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Single-cell transcriptomics reveals multiple neuronal cell types in human midbrain-specific organoids

10.1101/589598 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lisa M. Smits ◽

Stefano Magni ◽

Kamil Grzyb ◽

Paul MA. Antony ◽

Rejko Krüger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Types ◽

Human Stem Cell ◽

Glutamatergic Neurons ◽

And Function ◽

Excellent Tool

AbstractHuman stem cell-derived organoids have great potential for modelling physiological and pathological processes. They recapitulatein vitrothe organisation and function of a respective organ or part of an organ. Human midbrain organoids (hMOs) have been described to contain midbrain-specific dopaminergic neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine. However, the human midbrain contains also additional neuronal cell types, which are functionally interacting with each other. Here, we analysed hMOs at high-resolution by means of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), imaging and electrophysiology to unravel cell heterogeneity. Our findings demonstrate that hMOs show essential neuronal functional properties as spontaneous electrophysiological activity of different neuronal subtypes, including dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons. Recapitulating thesein vivofeatures makes hMOs an excellent tool forin vitrodisease phenotyping and drug discovery.

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A limited role of NKCC1 in telencephalic glutamatergic neurons for developing hippocampal network dynamics and behavior

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2014784118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (14) ◽

pp. e2014784118

Author(s):

Jürgen Graf ◽

Chuanqiang Zhang ◽

Stephan Lawrence Marguet ◽

Tanja Herrmann ◽

Tom Flossmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Network Dynamics ◽

Brain Slices ◽

Network Activity ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Network Function ◽

Glutamatergic Neurons ◽

A Minor

NKCC1 is the primary transporter mediating chloride uptake in immature principal neurons, but its role in the development of in vivo network dynamics and cognitive abilities remains unknown. Here, we address the function of NKCC1 in developing mice using electrophysiological, optical, and behavioral approaches. We report that NKCC1 deletion from telencephalic glutamatergic neurons decreases in vitro excitatory actions of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and impairs neuronal synchrony in neonatal hippocampal brain slices. In vivo, it has a minor impact on correlated spontaneous activity in the hippocampus and does not affect network activity in the intact visual cortex. Moreover, long-term effects of the developmental NKCC1 deletion on synaptic maturation, network dynamics, and behavioral performance are subtle. Our data reveal a neural network function of NKCC1 in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons in vivo, but challenge the hypothesis that NKCC1 is essential for major aspects of hippocampal development.

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Response to di-functionalized hyaluronic acid with orthogonal chemistry grafting at independent modification sites in rodent models of neural differentiation and spinal cord injury

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c6tb01906d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (42) ◽

pp. 6865-6875 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hyun Ju Lim ◽

T. Hiran Perera ◽

Thomas S. Wilems ◽

Sukhen Ghosh ◽

Yi-Yan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Neural Differentiation ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Neural Maturation

Hyaluronic acid functionalized with two orthogonal chemistries at different targets expedites neural maturation in vitro, while reducing inflammation in vivo.

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