scholarly journals Request for Treatment: the evolution of consent

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Shokrollahi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
First Time ◽  
Robust Evidence

INTRODUCTION Request for Treatment (RFT) is a new approach to consent which aims to facilitate patients’ understanding of their treatment and addresses some of the flaws highlighted in a literature review of current consent practice. It aims to provide a complete clinical, medicolegal, and documentary framework for consent and places patients at the centre of their care. It also provides doctors with more robust evidence that adequate consent has been obtained, and can be implemented with ease in most clinical scenarios, especially elective surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough critical analysis and literature review is undertaken looking at the current state of consent world-wide. For the first time, a complete documentary system for ‘request for treatment’ is devised including Request for Treatment forms (RFTFs) alternatively termed Patient-centred Consent Forms (PCCFs). The arguments for the legal validity and other advantages of RFT are presented. CASE STUDY A case with all the documentation of a full consent episode is provided which illustrates RFT in action, demonstrating the simplicity of implementation, and the robustness of the completed RFT form as a source of evidence for both consent and capacity. CONCLUSIONS Request for Treatment (RFT) is a request-based model for consent that facilitates patient-centred care. It has a number of advantages including unrivalled documentary evidence of consent in the patient&s own handwriting and vocabulary, demonstration of capacity, ease of implementation, and a sound legal basis. For those who may wish to use it, RFT provides a useful and novel patient-centred method of consent, and is likely to protect against negligent consent practice by highlighting patient misunderstandings early and by providing irrefutable documentary evidence that consent has been gained. It may also provide a simple method by which Gillick competence can be assessed and documented. RFT forms are available for download at www.rft.org.uk .

scholarly journals A first step towards service-dominant logic as a new approach to overcome challenges in business intelligence

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231
Author(s):  
Pamela Clavier ◽  
Hugo Lotriet ◽  
Johan Van Loggerenberg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
South African ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Dominant Logic ◽  
Interpretive Case Study ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Banking Institution

High expectations are set for Business Intelligence (BI), yet it fails to consistently deliver accordingly: there are numerous reports of BI challenges and failures. Existing approaches to address BI challenges are largely found to be ineffective, highlighting the need for a new approach. This paper examines how BI is perceived or understood and establishes that, firstly, BI is inherently grounded in Goods-Dominant (G-D) logic and secondly, that this can be linked to the challenges that are experienced within BI. A recommendation is made for a shift to Service-Dominant (S-D) logic as a new avenue of exploration to assist in overcoming BI’s prevailing challenges. Identifying the inherent G-D logic in BI provides the first step necessary in making this shift. Research findings are based on an interpretive case study of a South African Banking institution as well as a literature review.

scholarly journals Introducing an innovation promotion model for construction projects

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Fernando ◽  
Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽  
David Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Relationship Enhancement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and model the complex dynamics of innovation enablers in construction projects aiming to develop a framework identifying actions for clients to promote innovation.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was previously derived to explain the client-driven enablers in promoting innovation. This was tested using the data from 131 Australian construction projects. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data using factor analysis and correlation analysis to test the model, which was validated using the case study approach. The testing and validating aspects are explained in this paper.FindingsThe constructs of the recommended model are idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivization and project team fitness.Research limitations/implicationsThe difficulty of analyzing the complex dynamics happening within projects in relation to innovation has been a barrier to progress research in this area. The introduction of this model would pave the way for researchers to explore this area with ease.Originality/valueAs revealed in the detailed literature review undertaken, this is the first time that a comprehensive study has been conducted to identify client-led innovation enablers for construction projects. The results would benefit industry practitioners to achieve enhanced project outcomes in construction projects through innovation.

scholarly journals Regularized Evolution for Image Classifier Architecture Search

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 4780-4789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Real ◽  
Alok Aggarwal ◽  
Yanping Huang ◽  
Quoc V. Le
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Current State ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Tournament Selection ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
First Time

The effort devoted to hand-crafting neural network image classifiers has motivated the use of architecture search to discover them automatically. Although evolutionary algorithms have been repeatedly applied to neural network topologies, the image classifiers thus discovered have remained inferior to human-crafted ones. Here, we evolve an image classifier— AmoebaNet-A—that surpasses hand-designs for the first time. To do this, we modify the tournament selection evolutionary algorithm by introducing an age property to favor the younger genotypes. Matching size, AmoebaNet-A has comparable accuracy to current state-of-the-art ImageNet models discovered with more complex architecture-search methods. Scaled to larger size, AmoebaNet-A sets a new state-of-theart 83.9% top-1 / 96.6% top-5 ImageNet accuracy. In a controlled comparison against a well known reinforcement learning algorithm, we give evidence that evolution can obtain results faster with the same hardware, especially at the earlier stages of the search. This is relevant when fewer compute resources are available. Evolution is, thus, a simple method to effectively discover high-quality architectures.

scholarly journals The Case Study on Significance of Daylight in Classroom Setting at Sarajevo Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Obralic ◽  
Salam Jeghel
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Classroom Design ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Daylight Design

When designing schools, universities, or any educational centers, daylight in classrooms is usually one of the essential issues that take the architect's attention. Its importance comes from the fact that daylight can impact students' health, mood, and visual performance. Providing an appropriate amount of uniformly distributed light with glare protection is a significant factor in classroom design (Zomorodian Z S, 2016). This study is based on a literature review, studies, and articles researching the effect of daylight in a classroom environment on students' performance. It tends to define the significance of daylight design in the learning environment. This paper also deals with specifying and exploring all the conditions, factors, and elements that contribute to creating this successful daylight design in classrooms. Besides, it investigates the daylight design of the buildings at the campus of Sarajevo that will, later on, contribute to the creation of a design manual of all the considerations that need to be taken for schools and educational centers’ daylight design. The study is conducted at the campus of Sarajevo in the academic year 2019. The literature review, data study, and previous studies define the significance of daylight in the classroom environment and show the correlation between daylight and students' achievement in the classroom environment. It defines the elements and conditions of successful daylight design in classroom settings. The study explored the current state of the daylight design at the campus of Sarajevo detecting its lacks and obstacles regarding adequate illumination. Based on the literature review, an appropriate solution for the investigated classroom environment has been designed.

scholarly journals Masking in Fine-Grained Leakage Models: Construction, Implementation and Verification

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-228
Author(s):  
Gilles Barthe ◽  
Marc Gourjon ◽  
Benjamin Grégoire ◽  
Maximilian Orlt ◽  
Clara Paglialonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Verification ◽  
Domain Specific Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Security ◽  
Provably Secure

We propose a new approach for building efficient, provably secure, and practically hardened implementations of masked algorithms. Our approach is based on a Domain Specific Language in which users can write efficient assembly implementations and fine-grained leakage models. The latter are then used as a basis for formal verification, allowing for the first time formal guarantees for a broad range of device-specific leakage effects not addressed by prior work. The practical benefits of our approach are demonstrated through a case study of the PRESENT S-Box: we develop a highly optimized and provably secure masked implementation, and show through practical evaluation based on TVLA that our implementation is practically resilient. Our approach significantly narrows the gap between formal verification of masking and practical security.

scholarly journals Integrating Construction 4.0 Technologies: A Four-Layer Implementation Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud El Jazzar ◽  
Christian Schranz ◽  
Harald Urban ◽  
Hala Nassereddine
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Project Lifecycle

This research explores the current state of Construction 4.0 and discusses a four-layer implementation of Construction 4.0 in the industry. The research methodology consists of an extensive literature review to gain insights about Construction 4.0 and frame the four-layer implementation plan. A case study is also presented to showcase the proposed implementation plan. Nine Construction 4.0 technologies were discussed, their integration throughout the project lifecycle was presented in a roadmap, their integration and connectivity with one another were outlined in an interaction roadmap, and the requirements necessary for achieving the 4.0 transformation were articulated. However, the proposed implementation plan is focused on nine Construction 4.0 technologies. The research presents a comprehensive plan for integrating Construction 4.0 technologies into the industry and serves as a guideline to help construction companies better understand the implications of Construction 4.0.

National Kidney Allocation System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S Asch ◽  
Darren Stewart ◽  
Richard N Formica
Keyword(s):  
Deceased Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Kidney Allocation ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Kidney Allocation System ◽  
First Time ◽  
Older Recipients

Deceased donor kidneys for transplantation represent a scarce national resource. Therefore, allocation practices must be built on fair and equitable policies that ensure the best possible use of each kidney. The current kidney allocation policy was a decade in the making and required multiple rounds of public comment and revision to create a policy that balances utility and equity. The new allocation policy improves utility by maximizing life-years gained from kidney transplantation through longevity matching: pairing those patients with the longest expected life with kidneys expected to last the longest. It also, for the first time in kidney allocation, allocates kidneys based on need by prioritizing the highly sensitized patient and giving waiting time credit for time spent on dialysis prior to registration. Finally, the system attempts to both increase recovery and promote rapid placement of kidney from older donors. This is done through an opt-in system that attempts to allocate kidneys with a shorter duration of expected function and a higher Kidney Donor Profile Index to older recipients who would trade off a greater duration of function for more rapid transplantation. Coupled with the new allocation policy, the use of biopsy results from deceased donor grafts, characteristics of blood flow when placed on mechanical perfusion devices, and molecular biomarker measurement have the potential to expand the available pool of deceased donor kidneys. The new approach to kidney allocation in the United States provides a case study into how to thoughtfully and equitably distribute a scarce resource.

scholarly journals The Concept of the Geotourism Potential and Its Practical Application: A Case Study of the Prządki (the Spinners) Nature Reserve in the Carpathians, Poland

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ewa Welc ◽  
Krzysztof Miśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
First Time

This paper reviews the recent use of the term “geotourism potential” in the scientific literature and proposes a new approach to the concept of geotourism potential. The concept assumes that every geotourism object has the well-developed features that allow one to learn and understand the object’s structure, genesis and properties. A method for the application of this concept to any geotourism object is proposed. The procedure and guidelines for the compilation of geotourism potential are applied on the example—the Prządki Nature Reserve in the Flysch Carpathians, Poland. Based on the field research, the research results of other scientists, and the internationally accepted definitions of terms connected with geotourism, a definition of geotourism potential is presented for the first time in academic literature. The main results emphasize that only clearly exposed features within the geotourism object relate to geotourism potential, while educational potential and tourist infrastructure are not to be identified with this potential. The inclusion of a new procedure for use in geotourism research provides a comprehensive approach to the inventory of geotourism objects and the educational use of abiotic elements of nature, as well as biotic and cultural aspects related to geoheritage. The presented model has practical application in the design of geoeducational materials.

scholarly journals Detection, assessment, and updating the maps of encroached forest areas: a case study from Bara district, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Rimal ◽  
R. Maharjan ◽  
K. Khanal ◽  
S. Koirala ◽  
B. Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Google Earth ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cadastral Maps ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Desktop Tool ◽  
Forest Encroachment ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Robust Evidence

 Forest encroachment is an illegal expansion of cultivable land and settlements within the jurisdiction of forests. It has been the key threat to forest management for the last several years in Nepal. The Department of Forests (DoF) is the responsible authority for detection and assessment of forest encroachment throughout the nation and updating the forest maps accordingly. Detection and preparing the updated maps of encroached forest areas is necessary for sustainable management of forests. Traditionally, the extent of forest encroachment is assessed through estimation by the front-line forestry staff. The new approach combines the aerial photographs, the cadastral maps prepared by the Department of Survey and the Google Earth Imagery to spatially locate the encroachment. This method will work as a desktop tool for the forest manager such that appropriate strategic actions can be taken immediately. Additionally, it will bring a transparency on the forest governance to identify the location of areas of interest like point location for forest-based industries or proposed sites for development of infrastructures on the ground. The local communities may use the tool to identify the actual location of the forest boundaries, and exert social pressure to relinquish the encroached forests, if any. The result showed that 8,540 ha of the forest area in Bara district was found to be encroached during the period of last 50 years, between 1964 and 2014, of which 71% (6,038 ha) happened to be encroached in the first three decades, indicating the retarding trend of encroachment in the later years. The methodology used to assess the encroachment of forest in Bara district can be easily scaled up to other districts too, and will eventually help to assess the country’s overall forest encroachment. Since the boundary delineation will be done on the basis of the cadastral maps, the output will be used as a robust evidence to defend the forest-related cased in the court during the legal arbitrations.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, Page: 65-71

scholarly journals A Case for Transformative Learning in Medical Ethics Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 238212052093105
Author(s):  
Felix Gille ◽  
Aline Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Medical Ethics Education ◽  
Current State

In this article, we discuss the current state of medical ethics education. In Higher Education, ethics is taught predominantly through discussion and case study–based teaching formats. At present, however, only little can be said about the adequacy of these teaching methods in attaining complex educational objectives as ethics education poses challenges regarding meaningful student assessment and evaluation of educational methods. Output-oriented evaluation and assessment paradigms that centre quantified student performance fail to meaningfully capture the learning of ethics. Currently, we argue that comparatively small efforts are being devoted to the advancement of innovative and adequate approaches to teaching and assessment in ethics education. In response to these shortcomings, drawing from educational traditions that focus on preparatory activities, we work towards a new approach to evaluate teaching methods and assessing the learning in ethics.

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