scholarly journals Abdominal pain and two x-rays: spot the difference

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. e95-e95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Rajković ◽  
D Papeš ◽  
S Altarac ◽  
N Arslani

We present two patients with air found in the right upper quadrant on standard abdominal x-ray. One was diagnosed with pneumobilia and underwent elective surgery for a bilioenteric fistula. The other was diagnosed with portal vein gas and underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy at which a superior mesenteric artery embolism was found. The differential diagnostic criteria for pneumobilia and portal vein gas are described. If portal venous gas is found on x-ray in patients with abdominal pain, it is recommended that management is aggressive, meaning an emergency exploratory laparotomy, because mortality in such cases is approximately 75%.

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e229228
Author(s):  
Kay Tai Choy ◽  
Heng-Chin Chiam

A 30-year-old woman was referred for a surgical review with abdominal pain and distension 2 days post-caesearean section. Abdominal X-ray showed dilated bowel loops. CT of her abdomen however showed fat stranding around a thickened appendix, suggesting a differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis on top of a postoperative ileus. Failure to respond to intravenous antibiotics led to an emergent surgical exploratory laparotomy, by which time the progressive caecal dilatation had led to patchy necrosis and perforation of the right hemicolon intra-operatively. The patient required a right hemicolectomy and histological examination of the excised bowel supported the diagnosis of Ogilvie’s syndrome. This case highlights the red herrings that one can encounter when faced with a woman with post-caesarean section abdominal pain and aims to raise awareness among clinicians of this condition—where timely diagnosis and management is key.


Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Ksenia Kozlovskaya ◽  
Elena Ovchinnikova ◽  
Jun Kokubun ◽  
Andrei Rogalev ◽  
Fabrice Wilhelm ◽  
...  

We propose a new method to determine the absolute structure of chiral crystals, which is based on the chiral asymmetry of multiple scattering diffraction. It manifests as a difference in the azimuthal dependence of the forbidden Bragg reflection intensity measured with left and right circularly polarized X-ray beams. Contrary to the existing ones, the suggested method does not use X-ray anomalous dispersion. The difference between the Renninger scans with circularly polarized X-rays has been experimentally demonstrated for the 001 reflection intensities in the right- and left-handed quartz single crystals. A Jmulti-based code on model-independent three-wave-diffraction approach has been developed for quantitative description of our experimental results. The proposed method can be applied to various structures including opaque, organic and monoatomic crystals, even with only light elements. To determine the type of isomer, the Renninger plot of a single forbidden reflection is sufficient.


1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Chen ◽  
Y. U. Idzerda ◽  
C.-C. Kao ◽  
L. H. Tjeng ◽  
H.-J. Lin ◽  
...  

AbstractSoft-x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the difference between the absorptivity or reflectivity of left and right circularly polarized soft-x-rays at the magnetically interesting L2,3- edges of 3d transition metals or the M4,5-edges of the 4f rare earth elements. Thanks to its large absorption cross-section and strong MCD effect, this technique has become a powerful new means for probing, in an element- and site-specific manner, the magnetic properties of ultra-thin films and multilayers. Soft-x-ray MCD experiments, recently conducted at the Dragon beamline, are utilized to demonstrate the recent progress in this technique and its applications in the research of magnetic thin films.


In a previous paper it was shown that 0·0007 per cent, of 29 Cu and 0·0003 per cent, of 26 Fe could be detected in 30 Zn by atomic analysis by X-ray spectroscopy. This sensitivity is greater than that which was claimed by Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who set the limit at about 0·1 per cent, for non-metals, and by Hevesy, who stated it to be about 0·01 per cent, for an element present in an alloy. It was later suggested by Hevesy that the high value of the sensitivity which we found might result from the fact that some of the alloys we had used were composed of elements of almost equal atomic number, and that the sensitivity would be smaller for a constituent of low atomic number mixed with a major constituent of high atomic number. To elucidate these disagreements we have made further observations of the sensitivity with elements of different atomic number and have investigated the conditions which can influence the sensitivity. The Factors Determining Sensitivity . The detection of one element in a mixture of elements depends upon the identification of its K or L lines in the general spectrum emitted by the mixture under examination. The intensity with which these lines are excited in the target (“excited intensity”) is proportional to the number of atoms of the constituent element excited, i. e ., to its concentration and to the volume of the target in which the cathode ray energy is absorbed. The depth of penetration of the cathode rays is determined by the density of the target material and by their velocity ( i. e ., by the voltage applied to the X-ray tube). Schonland has shown that the range of homogeneous cathode rays in different elements, expressed as a mass per unit area, is approximately constant and is independent of the atomic number of the absorbing element. When their velocity is increased, the cathode rays will penetrate to a greater depth, and therefore a greater number of atoms of all constituents will be ionised. This will increase the “excited intensity” of the lines due to the particular constituent sought equally with those lines of the other elements present. The intensity of a line further depends upon the difference between the voltage applied to the X-ray tube and that necessary to excite the series. For these reasons, a high applied voltage is required for a high sensitivity.


Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Tang

The X-ray pulse originating from high altitude nuclear detonation (HAND) is mainly soft X-ray and its intensity is high enough to gasify the penetrated material and then lead to the severe thermo-mechanical deformation of unpenetrated material from the gasified blow-off effect. This effect cannot be directly reproduced in a lab for the lack of the X-ray source like HAND. At present, the low-energy relativistic electron beams resulting from an electron accelerator are usually used to approximately reproduce this effect, but the difference in the energy-deposited profile in materials between the electron and X-ray cannot be eliminated. In this paper, the symmetric linear least squares method was used to optimize the electron spectrum, and the general Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code calculations showed the optimized spectrum can produce the same energy-deposited profile in aluminum, copper, and tantalum with the soft X-rays like 1 keV or 3 keV spectrums. This indicates that it is possible to simulate the severe thermo-mechanical deformation resulting from HAND using the optimized electron spectrums.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S332) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
Marina G. Rachid ◽  
K. Faquine ◽  
S. Pilling

AbstractC2H4O2 isomers, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and glycoaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), have been detected in a lot of sources in ISM. However, their abundances are very different, with methyl formate much more abundant than the other two isomers. This fact may be related to the different destruction by ionizing radiation of these molecules. The goal of this work is experimentally study the photodissociation processes of methyl formate and acetic acid ices when exposed to broadband soft X-ray from 6 up to 2000 eV. The experiments were performed coupled to the SGM beamline in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM) at Campinas, Brazil. The simulated astrophysical ices (12K) were monitored throughout the experiment using infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of processed ices allowed the determination of the effective destruction cross sections of the parent molecules as well as the effective formation cross section of daughter molecular species. The relative abundance between acetic acid and methyl formate (NCH3COOH/NHCOOCH3) in different astronomical scenarios and their column density evolution in the presence of X-rays were calculated and our results suggests that such radiation field can be one of the factors that explain the difference in the isomers C2H4O2 abundances. We also quantified the daugther species after the establishment of a chemical equilibrium in the samples.


2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Alkaisee ◽  
Ru Lin Peng

For X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Depth Profiles of Residual Stress, Step-Wise Removal of Materials has to be Done to Expose the Underneath Layers to the X-Rays. this Paper Investigates the Influence of Layer Removal Methods, Including Electro-Polishing in Two Different Electrolytes and Chemical Etching, on the Accuracy of Residual Stress Measurement. Measurements on Two Shot-Peened Steels Revealed Large Discrepancy in Subsurface Distributions of Residual Stress Obtained with the Respective Methods. Especially, the Chemical Etching Yielded much Lower Subsurface Compressive Stresses than the Electro-Polishing Using a so Called AII Electrolyte. the Difference was Explained by the Influence of the Different Layer Removal Methods on the Microscopic Roughness.


Author(s):  
Nyoman T. Pradiptha ◽  
Ketut Wiargitha

Midgut malrotation is an incomplete rotation of the intestine which occurs during foetal development and usually presents in the neonatal period. The bowel is not fixed adequately and is thus held by a precariously narrow-based mesentery. The incidence of malrotation has been estimated at 1 in 6000 live births, it is rare for malrotation to present in adulthood. Author report a 40-year-old man presented to emergency department with generalized abdominal pain. His symptoms began 2 days before admission. The patient really weak and his mental state was somnolence. His abdomen was slightly extended, and intestinal peristalsis was obscure. Abdominal X-rays revealed dilatation of gastric, coiled spring appearance without free air and step ladder pattern. The patient then underwent laparotomy exploration. Upon entering the abdomen, ileum was noted to completely mobilized and founded volvulus segment, a clockwise twisting three times, about 30 cm proximal from ICJ, and soon author released it. The ligament of Treitz misplaced, there was in the right lower quadrant, close by ICJ. Then about 110 cm segment of ileum necrotic, the rest of the small bowel was normal, author found internal hernia in the right lower quadrant and there was Ladd's band. Clinicians should be aware of this serious cause of abdominal pain. The diagnosis of malrotation in adulthood is often delayed. Complete resolution of acute obstruction or chronic abdominal pain is the result of a high index of suspicion for malrotation, appropriate diagnostic studies, and aggressive treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Eva Yulia Puspaningrum

<p class="Abstrak">Saat ini banyak dikembangkan proses pendeteksian pneumonia berdasarkan citra paru-paru dari hasil foto rontgen (x-ray), sebagaimana juga dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah <em>Convolutional Neural Network</em> (CNN) dengan arsitektur yang berbeda dengan sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memodifikasi model CNN dimana metode <em>Extreme Learning Machine</em> (ELM) digunakan pada bagian klasifikasi, yang kemudian disebut CNN-ELM. Dataset untuk uji coba menggunakan kumpulan citra paru-paru hasil foto rontgen pada Kaggle yang terdiri atas 1.583 citra normal dan 4.237 citra pneumonia. Citra asal pada dataset kaggle ini bervariasi, tetapi hampir semua diatas ukuran 1000x1000 piksel. Ukuran citra yang besar ini dapat membuat pemrosesan klasifikasi kurang efektif, sehingga mesin CNN biasanya memodifikasi ukuran citra menjadi lebih kecil. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi ukuran citra input, untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja mesin pengklasifikasi. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa ukuran citra input berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi yang menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Pada ukuran citra input 200x200, metode CNN dan CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja paling tinggi. Jika kinerja kedua metode itu dibandingkan, maka Metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada CNN pada semua skenario uji coba. Pada kondisi kinerja paling tinggi, selisih akurasi antara metode CNN-ELM dan CNN mencapai 8,81% dan selisih F1 Score mencapai 0,0729. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi penting bahwa ukuran citra input memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kinerja klasifikasi pneumonia, baik klasifikasi menggunakan metode CNN maupun CNN-ELM. Selain itu, pada semua ukuran citra input yang digunakan untuk proses klasifikasi, metode CNN-ELM menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik daripada metode CNN.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>This research developed a pneumonia detection machine based on the lungs' images from X-rays (x-rays). The method used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a different architecture from some previous research. Also, the CNN model is modified, where the classification process uses the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which is then called the CNN-ELM method. The empirical experiments dataset used a collection of lung x-ray images on Kaggle consisting of 1,583 normal images and 4,237 pneumonia images. The original image's size on the Kaggle dataset varies, but almost all of the images are more than 1000x1000 pixels. For classification processing to be more effective, CNN machines usually use reduced-size images. In this research, experiments were carried out with various input image sizes to determine the effect on the classifier's performance. The experimental results show that the input images' size has a significant effect on the classification performance of pneumonia, both the CNN and CNN-ELM classification methods. At the 200x200 input image size, the CNN and CNN-ELM methods showed the highest performance. If the two methods' performance is compared, then the CNN-ELM Method shows better performance than CNN in all test scenarios. The difference in accuracy between the CNN-ELM and CNN methods reaches 8.81% at the highest performance conditions, and the difference in F1-Score reaches 0.0729. This research provides important information that the size of the input image has a major influence on the classification performance of pneumonia, both classification using the CNN and CNN-ELM methods. Also, on all input image sizes used for the classification process, the CNN-ELM method shows better performance than the CNN method.</em></p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-316
Author(s):  
Hsin-Ju Huang ◽  
Ming-Jen Tsai

A 2-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain and non-coffee-ground emesis for 1 day. He was afebrile and without decreased activity. Examination showed lower abdominal tenderness, but psoas and obturator signs were negative. Laboratory test showed mildly elevated C-reactive protein (1.321 mg/dL) without leukocytosis. An abdominal X-ray revealed a high-attenuation-calcified lesion near the right sacroiliac joint which was highly suspected as an appendicolith. Subsequent abdominal computed tomography proved an appendicitis with appendicolith inside. He underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and was discharged uneventfully 4 days later. Acute appendicitis is a commonly misdiagnosed pediatric emergency because of the atypical presentations. Appendicoliths are presented in more than half of pediatric appendicitis and are highly associated with perforation. Surgery is recommended instead of antibiotics therapy alone to manage appendicolith-related appendicitis. A careful interpretation of the plain abdominal films and keeping a high suspicion are vital to early diagnosis of this disease.


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