scholarly journals Agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in clayey and sandy soil submitted to water and nutritional management

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio Alves Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Esser ◽  
Gilmar Oliveira Santos ◽  
Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Water and nutrient supply, as well as the soil texture, are some of the challenges that affect forage yield. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu cropped in clayey and sandy soil submitted to water and nutritional management, in the municipality of Rio Verde, State of Goiás. The treatments consisted of a combination of soil with two textural classes (clayey and sandy), two levels of fertilization (A1: 30; 7 and 36 and A2: 45; 10.5 and 54 NPK per Mg DM, respectively), and seven water depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc)), in four replicates. Crop performance was evaluated using SPAD index, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf/stem ratio, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter. The data were subjected to multivariate data analysis. The principal component analysis allowed to observe that the first principal component explained 68.94% of the data, being characterized for promoting the best crop performance in relation to leaf length and width, characteristics that reflect in the other assessed variables. Forage performed poorly in winter because of the limitation of the climatic conditions. A higher yield was observed in the dry matter submitted to depths greater than 100% of ETc, regardless of the soil texture and the level of fertilization.

In vitro ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
H. V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Protein Degradation Rate

The quality of alfalfa would be greatly improved by an increase in its ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration. Protein degradation rate (PDR), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), leaf weight ratio (LWR), dry matter yield (DMY), total nitrogen (TN), in vitro RUP (expressed on both TN, RUP-TN, and dry matter basis, RUP-DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were determined in 27 alfalfa cultivars. Cultivars were seeded in triplicate on 2 consecutive years and evaluated during the 2 subsequent production years with two harvests per year. Protein degradation rate and RUP-TN were determined using a ruminal inhibitor in vitro system. Data were averaged for spring growth, summer regrowth, and both harvests across 2 production years. Each of the three data sets was analyzed by ANOVA followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) on the ANOVA means. For the four-harvest data, cultivar differences were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all variates except for PDR (P = 0.07) and RUP-TN concentration (P = 0.10). The first PCA axis was largely defined positively by RUP-DM, IVDMD, TN, LWR, and RUP-TN, but negatively with ADF, NDF, PDR, and DMY. The second PCA axis defined a contrast between PDR versus RUP-TN, DMY, ADF, and NDF. Five cultivars were distinctive with high or low PCA scores in all three PCA. Rangelander and Heinrichs, along with Ultra, had low PDR; the first two cultivars had low DMY whereas Ultra was a medium-yielding cultivar. In contrast, Algonquin and Oneida VR had high PDR and medium DMY. While the first principal component (PC) indicated a general trend that low PDR and high RUP were associated with low-yielding cultivars, the second PC identified specific cultivars with both low PDR and high DMY. Therefore, selection for low PDR and high DMY is feasible. Key words: ruminal protein escape, dry matter digestibility, alfalfa

scholarly journals Evaluation of morphological traits, dry matter yield and quality of Lolium perenne L. autochthonous populations from Serbia through multivariate analysis

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Sokolovic ◽  
Zoran Lugic ◽  
Jasmina Radovic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Snezana Babic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Traits For Breeding

Due to specific climatic conditions, perennial ryegrass breeding in Serbia is focused on resistance or tolerance to abiotic stress factors, especially to drought and high temperatures. These traits should be associated with high dry matter yield and quality. Therefore, most frequently used initial material is autochthonous populations and ecotypes adapted to local agro-ecological conditions, but knowledge about their variability of important traits for breeding is missing. Pre-selection evaluation of ten populations of perennial ryegrass originating from Serbia is presented in this paper. Twenty five traits were investigated during the two-year period and processed using analysis of variance and multivariate statistical methods (cluster and principal components analysis). The goal was to determine diversity and genetic distances of investigated populations by phenotyping and to define traits considerably affecting the variability and discrimination of populations. On cluster diagram two groups of population are observed, but geographic origin of populations (lowland, hilly, mountainous habitat) was not influence to clustering of collection. Factor analysis has clarified that first seven principal components (PC) described almost 95%. The traits which show high correlation coefficients with first principal component were plant height in first cut, leaf length and width, DM of generative tillers, spike and spikelet length and 1000 seed weight, and with second principal component time of heading, terminal internode length, DM of vegetative tillers, spikelet number and FSU. It can be concluded that variability between populations was high and that differences of population were mainly affected by most important traits for breeding, such as components of dry matter production and some seed yield components.

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53004
Author(s):  
Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽  
Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽  
Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Alterations of Urocholoa brizantha Submitted to Water Deficit and Silicate Fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Adriana L. Moro ◽  
Ana Claudia Pacheco ◽  
Edemar Moro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The correction of soil acidity and the evaluation of the effects of correctives used are not frequent practices in pasture areas. The benefits of silicon on the physiology and biochemistry of pastures is a subject that has not been explored in great detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Urochloa brizantha plants (cultivar Xaraés) submited to condictions of water deficity and silicate fertilization through physiological and biochemical parameters. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions..The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of the presence and absence of silicon (by means of soil correction using agrosilicon and dolomitic limestone, to raise the base saturation to 50%) with 2 soil water conditions (40 and 80% of field capacity). The analyzes were performed to determine: net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, shoot dry matter ,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber determinations and leave protein. The application of silicon in Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés has the potential of attenuate the water deficity, increasing the photosynthesis, plant dry matter and antioxidant enzymes activity.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value of Mucuna Legume (Stilozobium Deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) as Influenced by Cutting Dates in Peruvian Central Coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
D. Escudero ◽  
M. G. Echevarria ◽  
Y E. D. Malpartida
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The agronomic performance and nutritive value of Mucuna legume (Stilozobium deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) in five stages were evaluated under climatic conditions of Peruvian central coast to estimate optimum stage of use. Five cutting ages were: 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days. Crop growing, forage yield, chemical composition, vitro dry matter digestibility and net energy for lactation of Mucuna were evaluated. The optimum cutting age was 84 days with 25633.3 kg. Ha-1 of fresh matter and 6422.6 kg-1 ha-1 of dry matter. In this age crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents were 14.94%, 44.80%, 33.15% and 66.12 %. Net energy for lactation was 1.43 Mcal.kg-1. These results show that Mucuna was well adapted to Peruvian Central Coast with high forage yield and nutritive value.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Zn Acetate and Oxide as Alternatives for Corn and Soybean Seed Treatment in Sandy and Clay Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Matheus Gomes Nirschl ◽  
Risely Ferraz De Almeida ◽  
Eduardo Zavaschi ◽  
Lílian Angélica Moreira ◽  
Godofredo César Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Zn Accumulation

Zinc (Zn) is the micronutrient with the lowest availability in agricultural soils, and consequently 50 % of the world’s soils present Zn deficient. To test the viability of alternative Zn sources (Zn acetate and Zn oxide) to corn and soybean seed treatments, we ran an experiment using these two alternatives at contrasting application rates (0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.76 and 1.01 g kg-1) applied to soybean and corn seeds that were subsequently sowed in sandy and clay soils. We measured: Zn accumulation, dry matter and germination, and analyzed this data using uni (LSD-test) and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). Results of the PCA showed that the sandy soil yielded higher dry matter and Zn accumulation than the clay soil. The corn provided higher dry matter while the soybean showed enhanced Zn accumulation and germination. The LSD test showed that corn presented positive Zn accumulation in response to Zn rates in both sandy and clay soil. For soybeans, this effect was only observed in sandy soil, while the clay soil presented decreases in dry matter and germination due to Zn rates. Overall, our findings reveal that both Zn acetate and Zn oxide are viable alternatives for supplying Zn to corn seed treatment in sandy and clay soil, and to soybean seed treatment in sandy soil. We suggest that more research should be undertaken to understand the response of soybean seed treatments to Zn supply, especially in clay soil.

scholarly journals Glyphosate in the production and forage quality of marandu grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1695-1706
Author(s):  
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽  
◽  
Thassiane Telles Conde ◽  
Katia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Hormone Effect ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Target Plant ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The drift of the herbicide glyphosate, used for desiccating crops or controlling weeds, can result in growth-promoting or non-target plant development effects. Thus, it is possible to use the compound to increase the biomass of forage through the hormone effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on the production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu grass) and its nutritional quality in ruminants. The design used was completely randomized, with five replications in a factorial scheme. The treatments used were as follows: control (without glyphosate application) and four sublethal doses of glyphosate (4, 10, 14, and 20 g ha-1 of the acid equivalent). The monthly collections consisted of collecting the plant material (0.20 m) from the surface, comprising of leaves and pseudocolmos (stem and leaf sheath) to determine the dry matter production and forage chemical-bromatological parameters. The results showed that leaf/stem ratio, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were affected exclusively by the harvest factor. The hormone effect of the herbicide occurs in the production of dry matter and lignin in the evaluated subdoses. For crude protein, there was an interaction between the factor doses and harvest, due to the effect of glyphosate and the management applied to the harvests, showing that the sublethal doses of glyphosate promoted the production of dry matter and the food quality of Marandu grass.

scholarly journals Screening of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes under nutrient stress in soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Bazzaz ◽  
MSA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cluster Distance

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during kharif season of 2010 to investigate the genetic divergence of some mungbean genotypes under nutrient stress condition using Mahalanobis’ statistic (D2) and principal component analysis. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for all the characters. Results of multivariate analysis revealed that 200 mungbean genotypes formed five clusters at nutrient stress condition where cluster II had the maximum genotypes (83) followed by cluster I (65), cluster III (30), cluster IV (9) and then cluster V (13). The highest intra-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV containing lowest 9 genotype and cluster V containing 13 genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and III and lowest was observed between cluster V and Cluster I. Cluster III had the highest cluster mean for total dry matter, root dry mass, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. Considering cluster distance and other agronomic performance the genotypes IPSA 1, IPSA 12, IPSA 5 and others genotypes from cluster III may be considered for better performance under nutrient stress condition.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 377-386, June 2016

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

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