scholarly journals Suitability of Substrate for Laboratory Studies with the Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes grassei (Clément) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gallardo ◽  
Ana M Cardenas ◽  
Raquel Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Short Time

Two substrates, sand and vermiculite, were tested in rearing laboratory experiments with Reticulitermes grassei at different culture periods (2, 4 and 6 weeks). Although information is available regarding procedures to keep species of Reticulitermes in lab, none of them is referred to the Mediterranean termite R. grassei. The suitability of substratum was assessed in terms of survival of termites. The highest survival rate was in the experiment with sand and short-time duration, but after six weeks exposure, survival was significantly lower on this substrate. These differences among substrates were not significant for any of the treatments.

Fused Colonies of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) for Laboratory Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2311-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Bin Lee ◽  
Aaron Mullins ◽  
Daniel Aguilera-Olivares ◽  
Thomas Chouvenc ◽  
Nan-Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Colony Fusion ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Incipient Colony ◽  
Incipient Colonies

Abstract Laboratory studies of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) often employ the use of field-collected foraging populations of individuals as defined colonies. The biological relevance of this practice is often called into question, because these colonies lack a full composition of reproductive castes and brood, which may have physiological and behavioral consequences. Rearing intact laboratory colonies can be done; however, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The artificial fusion of field-collected foraging populations with a young, laboratory-reared incipient colony may provide whole, intact colonies for laboratory research. The current study measures survivorship of fused colonies using laboratory-reared complete incipient colonies ranging in age from 0 to 5 mo, fused with 100 workers and 10 soldiers from field-collected populations of different colonial origin. Results indicate that 60% of colony fusion was successful when the incipient colony introduced is 5 mo of age. This method of colony fusion will provide researchers with intact colonies using minimal resources.

scholarly journals A quasi-monoenergetic short time duration compact proton source for probing high energy density states of matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Apiñaniz ◽  
S. Malko ◽  
R. Fedosejevs ◽  
W. Cayzac ◽  
X. Vaisseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Ultrashort Pulse Laser ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Short Time

AbstractWe report on the development of a highly directional, narrow energy band, short time duration proton beam operating at high repetition rate. The protons are generated with an ultrashort-pulse laser interacting with a solid target and converted to a pencil-like narrow-band beam using a compact magnet-based energy selector. We experimentally demonstrate the production of a proton beam with an energy of 500 keV and energy spread well below 10$$\% $$ % , and a pulse duration of 260 ps. The energy loss of this beam is measured in a 2 $$\upmu $$ μ m thick solid Mylar target and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The short time duration of the proton pulse makes it particularly well suited for applications involving the probing of highly transient plasma states produced in laser-matter interaction experiments. This proton source is particularly relevant for measurements of the proton stopping power in high energy density plasmas and warm dense matter.

Different light and temperature requirements for survival and growth in three species of Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conxi Rodríguez-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Laboratory experiments have shown that light and temperature requirements are critical determining factors for thallus survival and growth of three Mediterranean Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta): Verlaquea lacerata, Croisettea requienii, and Meredithia microphylla, and explain their current bathymetric and habitat distribution. Verlaquea lacerata is annual and survived more than 1.5 years in culture, while C. requienii and M. microphylla are perennial and survived more than four and nine years in culture, respectively. The maximum survival was observed at 20–50 µmol photon m−2 s−1 and 10 and 12 °C within an 8:16 h light:dark regime for the three species, while a strong decrease in survival was observed at temperatures of 24 and 26 °C, indicating a weak tolerance to warming temperatures in the Mediterranean. The maximum value of the rate of daily marginal extension per initial surface area was similar in the three species: 0.017 day−1 for V. lacerata (10 °C/8:16 h light:dark regime/10 µmol photon m−2 s−1), 0.021 day−1 for C. requienii (18 °C/14:10 h light:dark regime/10 µmol photon m−2 s−1), and 0.017 day−1 for M. microphylla (12 °C/8:16 h light:dark regime/20 µmol photon m−2 s−1). The experiments permitted the establishment of culture conditions for the target species, and the successful culture of marginal fragments indicates the possibility of indefinitely maintaining the species in the laboratory for bioconservation purposes.

scholarly journals Multiple Geophysical Techniques for Investigation and Monitoring of Sobradinho Landslide, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawar Hussain ◽  
Martin Cardenas-Soto ◽  
Salvatore Martino ◽  
Cesar Moreira ◽  
Welitom Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Short Time

Geophysical methods have a varying degree of potential for detailed characterization of landslides and their dynamics. In this study, the application of four well-established seismic-based geophysical techniques, namely Ambient Noise Interferometry (ANI), Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Nanoseismic Monitoring (NM), were considered to examine their suitability for landslide characterization and monitoring the effect of seasonal variation on slope mass. Furthermore, other methods such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and DC Resistivity through Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) were also used for comparison purpose. The advantages and limitations of these multiple techniques were exemplified by a case study conducted on Sobradinho landslide in Brazil. The study revealed that the geophysical characterization of the landslide using traditional techniques (i.e., GPR, ERT and MASW) were successful in (i) the differentiation between landslide debris and other Quaternary deposits, and (ii) the delineation of the landslide sliding surface. However, the innovative seismic based techniques, particularly ambient noise based (HVSR and ANI) and emitted seismic based (NM), were not very effective for the dynamic monitoring of landslide, which might be attributed to the short-time duration of the data acquisition campaigns. The HVSR was also unsuccessful in landslide site characterization i.e., identification of geometry and sliding surface. In particular, there was no clear evidence of the light seasonal variations, which could have been potentially detected from the physical parameters during the (short-time) ambient noise and microseismic acquisition campaigns. Nevertheless, the experienced integration of these geophysical techniques may provide a promising tool for future applications.

scholarly journals A Study of Be Stars in Clusters

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
R. Schild ◽  
W. Romanishin
Keyword(s):  
Main Sequence ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Rotating Stars ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Hydrogen Burning ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Galactic Clusters ◽  
Short Time

Calibrated spectrograms at Hα of 566 stars in 29 young galactic clusters led to the detection of 41 Be stars in clusters. Using cluster membership we have inferred ages and intrinsic (B – V) colors of Be stars to permit a discussion of their evolutionary states.Rotating stars can become Be stars in their early hydrogen burning evolution away from the main sequence. Both the fraction of stars showing hydrogen emission and the strength of emission appear to vary little during the first 80% of post main sequence evolution. However, at the onset of gravitational core contraction, both the fraction of stars showing emission and their mean emission strength undergo a fourfold increase. Many stars in the core contraction phase develop an intrinsic (B – V) excess of 0.15 mag. due to the H− free-bound continuum radiation. Because of the great strength of Hα emission and the short time duration of the effect, the extreme Be stars would be excellent probes for studies of spiral structure and would also serve as probes for studies of ages and distances of extragalactic systems.Analysis of the corrected colors of the Be stars in clusters suggests that the Lucy and Solomon (1970) mechanism for reduction of effective surface gravity by ultraviolet resonance line scattering is probably important for the hotter Be stars. However, a discrepancy exists for the cooler stars between the predicted and observed colors.

scholarly journals IV. On the composition of sea-water in the different parts of the ocean

1865 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 203-262 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Different Parts

In the year 1843 a friend of mine, Mr. Ennis of Falmouth, sent me some bottles of seawater from the Mediterranean, which I subjected to a chemical examination, a work which induced me to collect what other chemists had determined about the constitution of the water of the great Ocean. This labour convinced me that our knowledge of, the composition of sea-water was very deficient, and that we knew very little about the differences in composition which occur in different parts of the sea. I entered into this labour more as a geologist than as a chemist, wishing, principally to find facts which could serve as a basis for the explanation of those effects, that have taken place at the formation of those voluminous beds which once were deposited at the bottom of the ocean. I thought that it was absolutely necessary to know with precision the composition of the water of the present ocean, in order to form an opinion about the action of that ocean from which the mountain limestone, the oolite and the chalk with its flint have been deposited, in the same way as it has been of the most material influence upon science to know the chemical actions of the present volcanos, in order to determine the causes which have acted in forming the older plutonic and many of the metamorphic rocks. Thus I determined to undertake a series of investigations upon the composition of the water of the ocean, and of its large inlets and bays, and ever since that time I have assiduously collected and analyzed water from the different parts of the sea. It is evident that it was impossible to collect this material in a short time, and without the assistance of many friends of science, and I most gratefully acknowledge how much I am indebted to many distinguished officers of the Danish and British Navy, as well as to many private men, who were all willing to undertake the trouble carefully to collect samples of sea-water from different parts of the ocean, both from the surface and from different depths. I shall afterwards, when giving the particular analyses, find an opportunity to mention the name of each of those to whom I am indebted for my material.

Rates of oxygen-depletion in granular Lambeth Group strata and evidence for barometric pumping

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-654
Author(s):  
T.G. Newman ◽  
R.C. Ghail
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Barometric Pumping ◽  
Ground Investigation ◽  
Short Time

Laboratory experiments have been performed to demonstrate significant levels of oxygen depletion within samples of Upnor Formation of the Lambeth Group deposits. These have been used to explain the reasons for several incidences of confined space hypoxia during underground construction within the stratum beneath London. Further investigation, using a relatively small-scale field pump-out test, revealed the rapid effects of dewatering on the generation of hypoxic gas (within the ground) and that the amount of oxygen falls to fatal levels within a very short time after commencement of pumping. Monitoring of boreholes during ground investigation for the Thames Tideway Tunnel has indicated barometric control on the release of hypoxic gas from installations within granular deposits of the Lambeth Group, namely the Upnor Formation, as well as channel sand deposits within the Laminated Beds. In these, reduced levels of oxygen coincide with low and/or falling barometric pressure. Continuous 24-hour monitoring demonstrates that the reduction is almost instantaneous and has serious implications for the Health and Safety of underground construction personnel.

Fluid Impact Under Various Tapping Conditions for Biomedical Application (Shirodhara)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathika Meenraj ◽  
Chebolu Lakshmana Rao ◽  
Balasubramanian Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Impact Experiment ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Shirodhara is an ayurveda therapy treating subjects for stress (depression/anxiety/hypertension) insomnia, headache and several kinds of psychosis. When there is a fluid impact on a solid surface, a transient impact will be developed at the interface in short time duration as vibration on forehead. The fluid impact of the liquid falling from the beaker at controlled flow rate is measured using an integrated circuit piezoelectric (ICP) force sensor for various tapping condition. The time-dependent response of the sensor is acquired using data acquisition system which is connected to the computer. The force is determined by measuring the voltage output from the piezoelectric force sensor. The impact experiment is done for single droplet, intermittent flow of drops and continuous flow of liquid falling from a fixed height of 7.5 cm. From the results, we observe the impact force for each fluid have a subtle variation depending on the falling condition and impact velocity of the fluid falling from a height.

scholarly journals Impact of In-Pond Nursery of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Post Larvae on the Survival Rate and Production Under Modified Improved Culture System

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Islam ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Short Time

To observe the effectiveness of short time in-pond nursery of post larvae (PL) on the survival rate and production of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) under modified improved culture system, an experiment was conducted in earthen ponds at Brackishwater Station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Khulna. Results of the experiment revealed that short time in-pond nursery of PL provided the significantly higher (p<0.05) survival rate (58%) than direct stocking of PL (47.81%) in the rearing pond. In-pond nursery of PL provided 9.95% better survival rate than direct stocking. The production of shrimp was 661 kg/ha under in-pond nursery of PL and it was 534 kg/ha under direct stocking of PL in rearing ponds. The production of shrimp was also significantly higher (p<0.05) under in-pond nursery system than direct stocking of PL in rearing ponds. Final weight gain and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) values were similar in both the treatments. Water quality parameters in both stocking systems were insignificant and it was within the range of shrimp culture. In this study, the increment in production under in-pond nursery system was mainly due to the increase of survival rate in the respective treatment was ascertained.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16958 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 167 - 175, 2008

Persistent, vertical-migration rhythms in benthic microflora.: II. Field and Laboratory Studies On Diatoms From The Banks Of The River Avon

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Round ◽  
J. D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Clock Hypothesis

The vertical migration of two Euglena species and several diatom species into and out of the sediment on the banks of the River Avon has been studied under natural conditions. All species have been shown to migrate vertically upwards when exposed during daylight. Tidal flooding of the sediment is generally preceded by re-burrowing of the algae beneath the surface. Methods have been devised to follow these migrations in both the field and laboratory. Laboratory experiments show that these migrations are rhythmic, continuing under constant illumination and temperature and removed from tidal influence. The effect of three different temperatures and three different light intensities has been investigated. Transfer from low to high temperatures has been shown to reset the phase of the rhythm. The results are discussed in relation to other work and to the ‘biological clock’ hypothesis.

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