Excess Body Weight as a Risk Factor to Well-being and Performance of Flight Personnel: Potential Strategies of Prevention

AbstractExcess body weight (EBW) is the second most important and potentially modifiable risk factor of cancer in Germany. The longer and the more excess body weight a person has, the higher the cancer risk. About 60 % of adult Germans have EBW (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) and more than 23 % are obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). Excess body weight is causally associated with colorectal, esophageal (adenocarcinoma), gastric (cardia), pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular, kidney, thyroid, breast (postmenopausal), endometrial and ovarian cancer as well as multiple myeloma and meningioma. In recent years, more and more young adults (20–40 years) were diagnosed with EBW-associated tumors. People with EBW should be encouraged to join programs of cancer screening. Keeping a healthy weight is a major public health concern in Germany.

Download Full-text

Health Benefits of Plant-Based Nutrition: Focus on Beans in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 519

Author(s):

Amy P. Mullins ◽

Bahram H. Arjmandi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Low Grade ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Related Disease ◽

Dietary Strategy ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming over 650,000 American lives annually. Typically not a singular disease, CVD often coexists with dyslipidemia, hypertension, type-2 diabetes (T2D), chronic system-wide inflammation, and obesity. Obesity, an independent risk factor for both CVD and T2D, further worsens the problem, with over 42% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the U.S. categorized as such. Dietary behavior is a most important modifiable risk factor for controlling the onset and progression of obesity and related disease conditions. Plant-based eating patterns that include beans and legumes support health and disease mitigation through nutritional profile and bioactive compounds including phytochemical. This review focuses on the characteristics of beans and ability to improve obesity-related diseases and associated factors including excess body weight, gut microbiome environment, and low-grade inflammation. Additionally, there are growing data that link obesity to compromised immune response and elevated risk for complications from immune-related diseases. Body weight management and nutritional status may improve immune function and possibly prevent disease severity. Inclusion of beans as part of a plant-based dietary strategy imparts cardiovascular, metabolic, and colon protective effects; improves obesity, low-grade inflammation, and may play a role in immune-related disease risk management.

Download Full-text

The correction of psychoemotional status in young people with overweight with increased consumption of mineral water

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-181-9-18-23 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

A. E. Shklyaev ◽

Yu. I. Galikhanova ◽

A. G. Bessonov ◽

K. V. Maximov

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Well Being ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Anthropometric Indicators ◽

Overweight People ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Total Adipose Tissue ◽

Drinking Test ◽

Work Done

The aim. To study the influence of anthropometric indicators on the results of a drinking test with water of different temperatures, as well as on the psycho-emotional status.Materials and methods. The study involved 36 students. Conducted: measurement and calculation of basic anthropometric indicators, psychological testing using questionnaires, fasting drinking test with still water of different temperatures for four days with fixing the volume of liquids drunk. All examined students are divided into two groups according to the results of anthropometric examination.Results. The prevalence of overweight among students was 25,0%. Studies have shown the relationship between the main anthropometric indicators, the amount of fluid drunk and the temperature of the water taken, which indicate a violation of the relaxation accommodation of the stomach in individuals with a large amount of adipose tissue and% relative fat content. An increase in visceral hypersensitivity and a progressive deterioration of the relaxation accommodation of the stomach with an increase in the temperature of the received water were established. As a result of the work done, it was found that with an increase in BMI, a deterioration in well-being, an increase in depression, situational and personal anxiety and neurotization are observed. Overweight students with an increase in the volume and mass of total adipose tissue have a deterioration in mood and a greater tendency to depression. It was also proved the presence of a pronounced positive effect of drinking water on the human body with excess body weight, including its psychoemotional state.Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to form anthropometric images of a person predisposed to disturbed accommodation of the stomach, taking into account gender, body weight and the nature of the distribution of adipose tissue. These studies confirmed a change in psychoemotional status depending on the main anthropometric indicators. The corrected effect of fasting drinking room-temperature water (30 °C) on the psycho-emotional state of overweight people is shown.

Download Full-text

279 Development, selection criteria, and performance of Composite IV sheep at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 207-207

Author(s):

Tom Murphy ◽

Brad Freking ◽

Gary L Bennett ◽

John W Keele

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Well Being ◽

Animal Research ◽

Research Center ◽

Hair Sheep ◽

Inclement Weather ◽

Meat Animal ◽

And Performance ◽

The U.S

Abstract Average ewe prolificacy is low across the U.S., while fixed and variable costs of production can be substantial, especially in traditional shed-lambing systems. Pasture-lambing can reduce input costs but can present greater risk of inclement weather, predation, and internal parasitism. The Composite IV is a ½ Romanov, ¼ Katahdin, and ¼ White Dorper hair sheep developed at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Objectives were to summarize Composite IV ewe and lamb performance under a pasture-lambing system with minimal disruption through weaning. Lamb survival to and body weight at weaning were greatest for singles (0.90 and 19.9 kg, respectively), intermediate for twins (0.82 and 15.9 kg), and lowest for triplets (0.65 and 14.6 kg; P < 0.01). Number of lambs born and weaned per ewe lambing were lower at 1-yr of age (1.55 and 1.24, respectively) than at 3- to 5-yr of age (2.20 to 2.23 and 1.75 to 1.82; P < 0.01). Within mature ewes (2- to 5-yr-old), twin litters were most frequent (58.7%), triplets intermediate (24.7%), and singles least (16.6%). While number of lambs weaned and total litter weaning weight were greater for triplet- than twin-bearing ewes (2.06 vs 1.70 and 28.9 vs 26.0 kg, respectively; P < 0.01), triplet-bearing ewes lost 1.78 lambs per additional lamb weaned. Results suggest productivity in pasture-lambing systems can be enhanced by identifying complementary breed combinations, maintaining heterosis, and selecting for characteristics associated with reduced labor and enhanced well-being.

Download Full-text

Excess Body Weight and Pancreatic Disease

Visceral Medicine ◽

10.1159/000517147 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Mats L. Wiese ◽

Ali A. Aghdassi ◽

Markus M. Lerch ◽

Antje Steveling

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Pancreatic Disease ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Negative Outcome

Background: Excess body weight (EBW) is a risk factor for various acute and chronic conditions. Conversely, the “obesity paradox” suggests a protective effect of higher body weight on some disease outcomes. This article discusses the role of EBW along the disease continuum of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (PC) in terms of incidence and outcome. Summary: Comparison of findings is hampered by the use of different methods to assess EBW. Nevertheless, in acute pancreatitis (AP) and PC, EBW, especially visceral obesity, presents a distinct risk factor and predictor of a negative outcome. Findings of a protective effect likely result from nonconsideration of fat distribution or other confounders. Regarding chronic pancreatitis (CP), few studies indicate lower incidence and a better outcome with higher body mass. However, there is insufficient evidence to confirm the existence of an obesity paradox. The precise mechanisms of how EBW affects the disease continuum require further elucidation but both common and disease-specific effects seem involved. Key Messages: EBW is associated with higher incidence and a negative outcome in AP and PC. The association with CP is less conclusive. Thus, maintaining normal weight is advisable at any stage of the disease continuum.

Download Full-text

Impact of Excess Body Weight on Postsurgical Complications

Visceral Medicine ◽

10.1159/000517345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 287-297

Author(s):

Lars Plassmeier ◽

Mohammed K. Hankir ◽

Florian Seyfried

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Surgical Complications ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Low Grade ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Postsurgical Complications ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Obesity is considered a risk factor for postoperative complications as it can limit exposure to the operation field, thereby significantly prolonging surgery time. Obesity-associated comorbidities, such as low-grade systemic inflammation, impaired functional status, and type 2 diabetes, are independent risk factors for impaired anastomotic wound healing and nonsurgical site infections. If obesity itself is an independent risk factor for surgical complications remains controversial, but the reason for this is largely unexplored. Summary: A MEDLINE literature search was performed using the terms: “obesity,” “excess body weight,” and “surgical complications.” Out of 65,493 articles 432 meta-analyses were screened, of which 25 meta-analyses were on the subject. The vast majority of complex oncologic procedures in the field of visceral surgery have shown higher complication rates in obese patients. Meta-analyses from the last 10 to 15 years with high numbers of patients enrolled consistently have shown longer operation times, higher blood loss, longer hospital stay for colorectal procedures, oncologic upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures, and pancreatic surgery. Interestingly, these negative effects seem not to affect the overall survival in oncologic patients, especially in esophageal resections. A selection bias in oncologic upper GI patients may have influenced the results with higher BMI in upper GI cancer to be a predictor for better nutritional and performance status. Key Messages: Contrary to bariatric surgery, only limited evidence indicated that site and type of surgery, the approach to the abdominal cavity (laparoscopic vs. open), institutional factors, and the type of perioperative care such as ERAS protocols may play a role in determining postsurgical complications in obese patients. The initial question remains therefore partially unanswered. Large nationwide register-based studies are necessary to better understand which aspects of obesity and its related comorbidities define it as a risk factor for surgical complications.

Download Full-text

«Oberexia»: The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.371781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 186-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Débora Godoy Izquierdo ◽

Alejandra Rodríguez Tadeo ◽

María J. Ramírez Molina ◽

Estefanía Navarrón Vallejo ◽

Raquel Lara Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Case Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

National Sample ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Old Adults

Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition.

Download Full-text