Public Finance without Taxation: Free–Riding as Institutional Artifact

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Together

Abstract Expositions of the theory of public finance mostly assume that taxation is necessary to finance public goods because free riding prevents their provision through market arrangements. Free riding, however, is an artifact of the assumption that state is the only social option to market. Once it is recognized that civil society contains a rich array of institutions and practices that channel personal interaction, free riding recedes in significance and perhaps even disappears. Free riding is a product of a particular model of public goods and is not a universal quality of societal living together. In this respect, there is a deep similarity between cities and such entities as hotels and malls which supply public goods without taxation. This paper places the social organization of shared consumption on center stage in the theory of public finance, thereby relegating taxation to side show status.

Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Özlem Kuman Tunçel ◽  
Hayriye Elbi
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Together

Turkey has a rapidly ageing population, the issues of which are new to the country. To date, there is no National Dementia Strategy. The strong tradition of family caregiving in Turkey has perhaps influenced the demand for access to formal care services. Informal care provided by families, which includes living together with the elders and providing the most comfort, is one of the strongest aspects of dementia care in Turkey. Another positive aspect is new legal regulation of the social security system for the elderly. Moreover, there is an increasing awareness of dementia and dementia care, which will hopefully give new impetus to further advancements in dementia care. The future of dementia care in Turkey should ideally include: (1) the development of a National Dementia Strategy, (2) improvement of informal care, including support for caregivers, and (3) an increase in the number, as well as improved quality, of in-hospital geriatric services.

Small Town Services and Facilities: The Influence of Social Networks and Civic Structure on Perceptions of Quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Wright Morton
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Civic Structure ◽  
The Town

In this research, it is posited that perceptions of the quality of services and facilities in small towns are dependent on the social organization of those places. Two components of this social organization are the social capital that inheres among individuals and the civic structure of the town. This hypothesis is tested using multi‐level models that combine individual‐level social capital and community‐level civic structure to explain variations among 99 rural towns in Iowa. I find that civic structure contributes positively and significantly to effects between communities, while individual‐level social capital is positive and a significant contributor to effects within communities. The civic structure models explain 32 percent of the variance in perceptions of the quality of core public facilities and services and 43 percent of the variance in secondary public‐private services. The strong contributions of individual social capital and civic structure suggest that investments in the micro and macro social structure of small towns can assist in strengthening perceptions of community infrastructure.

The Logic of Logic, and Beyond

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Cronk ◽  
Beth L. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Behavior

This chapter examines Mancur Olson's arguments, which he articulated in The Logic of Collective Action, and compares them with those of his supporters and detractors. It also reviews the social science literature on cooperation, focusing primarily on the theoretical and empirical research on collective action that grew out of Olson's challenge. According to Olson, the members of a group have interests in common. His logic was an economic logic, based on the behavior of firms in the marketplace in their quest for profits. Olson extended this logic of the market to human social behavior. The chapter considers Olson's solutions to the problem of free riding and the possibility that no group would ever form, including coercion, small groups, selective benefits, and the by-product theory of public goods provisioning. Finally, it describes some major extensions of and challenges to Olson's path-breaking model.

scholarly journals ROLE OF TRUST IN KAZAKHSTAN SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Atabayeva ◽  
◽  
G.O. Abdikerova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social

Trust is the basis of self-knowledge and the realization of a person in a complex system of social relations. Therefore, it is necessary that all people understand the essence of this phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to reveal the potentials of trust as a social phenomenon, and to substantiate its role in improving the quality of social relations in Kazakhstani society. The main problem is the insufficiently high level of trust among people in the interpersonal and institutional aspects. Problems arise due to the low level of development of civic values, and the emergence of behavioral patterns that do not comply with the social norms of civil society. Trusting relationships between social actors can develop by improving the basic aspects of successful socialization in the process of creating a competitive nation, such as education, healthcare, culture and social Security. The main tasks of the problem under study are directly related to the disclosure of the essence of social trust, its role in harmonizing social and social relations, in improving the social capital of modern Kazakhstan. Studies of foreign and domestic scientists allow us to understand the conceptual foundations of trust, the interaction strategy of social groups, the prospects for the development of civil society, as well as the features and specifics of the social capital of modern societies, models of civil behavior of the population. Trust plays an important role in building a civil society, is its main institution, as well as the main component of social capital and effective social relations. Today, quality information is reflected in the human mind and affects its social behavior. Therefore, great attention must be paid to the quality of the information provided, and their usefulness to citizens. Types of trust are also characterized by the quality of social relations. The study of trust in modern society is primarily due to the need to disclose its potential resources; secondly, the substantiation of its important role as a structural element of interpersonal and institutional social relations of a particular society. The need to reduce poverty growth in society, distrust and social risks are important challenges facing modern societies

scholarly journals L’Osservatorio regionale dell’Emilia-Romagna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mele
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Landscape Quality

The Emilia-Romagna Region instituted the Regional Observatory for Landscape Quality as an implementation of the European Landscape Convention. The aim of the Observatory is to disseminate the cultural heritage of landscape in the civil society and in the public administration, in order to increase the social and environmental quality of the regional territory and to listen to the needs of the community that is part of it. Dissemination, Participation, Surveillance, Promotion are the key areas of activities and strategic planning of the Regional Observatory, including the creation and development of local observatories.

scholarly journals PLURALISME AGAMA DAN MODERNITAS PEMBANGUNAN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhanudin Mukhamad Faturahman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
John Hick ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Social

Social conflict that occurred in Indonesia with a religious background is very concern. Religious pluralism should be the yardsticks religious tolerance in the midst of diversity, tolerant attitude of trust with fairness in order toward a civil society. In addition modernity allegedly subverts the social order because it creates an unfair economic system. The purpose of this writing to discuss religious pluralism with the value contained in it in terms of thinking Dawan Rahardjo, Nurcolish Madjid and John Hick with a contribution of modernity against the onset of social conflict. The research of religious pluralism in Indonesia namely according to Rahardjo addressed as a social integration as the Foundation behave because actual religions taught the values of public virtue while Madjid argued civil society is Home of democracy with an ethic of community as the quality of the life of democracy. Hick States pluralism as centering yourself towards the single reality of centering (of God) through different forms and ways. This diversity is vulnerable to conflict because of modernity triggered poverty, environmental destruction and communal violence. Therefore strengthening the education of multi religious and ethical global College absolutely implemented in an effort to create a civil society

scholarly journals Finances of the civil society: the essence and place in the state financial system

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Iryna Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social

Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the meaning of the concept of "finances of the civil society" and to outline its place in the financial system of the state. Methodology of research. A set of general and special research methods is used to achieve this goal: abstract and logical method, including methods of analogy and comparison, induction and deduction, scientific abstraction (to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the problem under study); graphical and systematic methods, logical generalization and systematization (to determine the place of finances of the civil society in the financial system of the state, as well as to visualize the movement of cash and non-monetary benefits in the civil society finance system). Findings. It is determined that the study of civil society finances should take into account such two main aspects as the financial resources of the CS and the management component. It is proposed that the term "financial resources of civil society institutions" should be understood as monetary funds available to CSOs that have a legitimate source of origin and are aimed at achieving the statutory goals of these institutions. The lack of a unified approach of the legislator to understanding the role of the management component for the finances of the CS is revealed. The interpretation of the category "finances of the civil society" as economic relations is aimed at optimizing the processes of formation, distribution and use of financial resources available to CSOs in order to ensure their statutory goals and improve the quality of the social environment. The necessity of classifying the finances of civil society to the finances of non-profit institutions and organizations, which respectively belong to the finances of economic entities, is substantiated. It is determined that CSOs interact with such economic entities as the state, households and enterprises in order to achieve certain goals and attract resources for activities. It is established that as a result of such interaction between them there are economic relations. In this case, all subjects of economic relations from such interaction receive benefits of both monetary and non-monetary nature. Originality. The concept of "finances of the civil society", which we understand as economic relations aimed at optimizing the formation, distribution and use of financial resources available to CSOs in order to ensure their achievement of statutory goals and improve the quality of the social environment, is substantiated and introduced into scientific circulation. Practical value. The obtained research results can be used for further research on the organization and functioning of civil society finances, as well as in the practice of non-governmental organizations of various kinds. Key words: civil society, civil society institutions, civil society finances, financial resources.

scholarly journals Pluralisme Agama dan Modernitas Pembangunan: Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Pluralisme dalam Membentuk Etika Universal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Burhanudin Mukhamad Faturahman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
John Hick ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Social

Social conflict that occurred in Indonesia with a religious background is very concern. Religious pluralism should be the yardsticks religious tolerance in the midst of diversity, tolerant attitude of trust with fairness in order toward a civil society. In addition modernity allegedly subverts the social order because it creates an unfair economic system.  The purpose of this writing to discuss religious pluralism with the value contained in it in terms of thinking Dawan Rahardjo, Nurcolish Madjid and John Hick with a contribution of modernity against the onset of social conflict. The research of religious pluralism in Indonesia namely according to Rahardjo addressed as a social integration as the Foundation behave because actual religions taught the values of public virtue while Madjid argued civil society is Home of democracy with an ethic of community as the quality of the life of democracy. Hick States pluralism as centering yourself towards the single reality of centering (of God) through different forms and ways. This diversity is vulnerable to conflict because of modernity triggered poverty, environmental destruction and communal violence. Therefore strengthening the education of multi religious and ethical global College absolutely implemented in an effort to create a civil society

scholarly journals Noncompliance With Safety Guidelines as a Free-Riding Strategy: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Approach to Cooperation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Yong ◽  
Bryan K. C. Choy
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evolved Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Game Theoretic

Evolutionary game theory and public goods games offer an important framework to understand cooperation during pandemics. From this perspective, the COVID-19 situation can be conceptualized as a dilemma where people who neglect safety precautions act as free riders, because they get to enjoy the benefits of decreased health risk from others’ compliance with policies despite not contributing to or even undermining public safety themselves. At the same time, humans appear to carry a suite of evolved psychological mechanisms aimed at curbing free riding in order to ensure the continued provision of public goods, which can be leveraged to develop more effective measures to promote compliance with regulations. We also highlight factors beyond free riding that reduce compliance rates, such as the emergence of conspiratorial thinking, which seriously undermine the effectiveness of measures to suppress free riding. Together, the current paper outlines the social dynamics that occur in public goods dilemmas involving the spread of infectious disease, highlights the utility and limits of evolutionary game-theoretic approaches for COVID-19 management, and suggests novel directions based on emerging challenges to cooperation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document