The status of the profession: the role of PhD and masters programs in public policy education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Rubaii
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This chapter traces the evolution of graduate level public affairs education in the United States in terms of focus, mission, curriculum, institutional locus, and enrollments, with attention to similarities and differences at the masters and doctoral levels. It highlights the role of two key professional associations in the evolution of the field, NASPAA and APPAM. It also examines some persistent challenges regarding how broadly or narrowly to define the field, how clearly to differentiate among the related fields of study, and how to define and ensure quality.

The History of Occupational Therapy Assistants in Canada: A Comparison with the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Training Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Affiliation ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

In the middle of the twentieth century, the role of occupational therapy assistant was introduced in North America. Although the role, utilization and training of assistant personnel have raised much controversy and debate within the profession, Canada and the United States have taken very different paths in terms of dealing with these issues. This paper focuses on the history of occupational therapy assistants in Canada, using the experience in the United States for comparison purposes. The occupational therapy literature and official documents of the professional associations are used to present a chronology of major historical events in both countries. Similarities and differences emerge in relation to historical roots; training model and standards of education; certification, regulation, and standards of practice; career laddering and career mobility; and professional affiliation. The paper concludes with a summary of issues which require further exploration, debate and resolution if the profession is to move forward in Canada.

4. Supervisory agencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Ian J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Divergence

This chapter first describes the rationale for the establishment of supervisory agencies for data protection in EU States. This marks a significant divergence in approach from other countries such as the United States and continues to constitute a barrier to harmonisation in the data protection field. Specific attention is paid to the status and role of the United Kingdom’s Information Commissioner and the investigative and enforcement powers conferred on the Commissioner. The evolving nature of the requirements of registration of data controllers is considered as is the role of the Register of Data Controllers. Attention is given also to the appeal mechanisms established under the Act and to the role of the First Tier Tribunal.

Ideas, Institutions and the Policies of Governments: a Comparative Analysis: Part III

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Common

III THE PATTERN EXPLAINED In part I of this paper we described the gross pattern of public policy in our five countries. In part II we looked at how the pattern developed in each of the countries. We noticed that the countries have pursued policies that diverge widely, at least with respect to the size of the direct operating role of the State in the provision of public services. We also noticed that the United States differs from the four other countries far more than they do from each other. These findings will not have come as a great surprise to anybody, although some readers may have been surprised – in view of the common assumption that all major western countries are ‘welfare states’ – to discover just how much the countries differ and what different histories they have had.

scholarly journals Linking students and professional associations: A curricular strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Shirley Simon ◽  
Susan F Grossman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Professional ◽  
Education Professional Development ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
Social Work Programs

Students in professional social work programs in the United States traditionally receive little direct information about or contact with professional associations. What exposure they do get is haphazard and primarily through extracurricular means. This article describes and evaluates a curricular module to enhance student awareness of and connection to professional associations. The group work classes at a Midwestern United States university were adapted to include a course module addressing the role of professional associations. Components of the module include readings, discussions, presentations and attendance at a professional association meeting. Pre- and post-tests were administered to assess the initial impact of this module. The module appears to have had an impact upon students’ knowledge of and appreciation for professional associations. The authors advocate for increased curricular attention to facilitating this connection.Keywords: professional associations; social work curricula; professional education; NASW; MSW education; professional development

What Do Women Want? Consent for the Use of Electronic Fetal Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Sonya Dal Cin ◽  
Lisa Kane Low ◽  
Denise Lillvis ◽  
Megan Masten ◽  
Raymond De Vries
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cesarean Birth ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Risk Patients

BACKGROUNDGuidelines published by professional associations of midwives, obstetricians, and nurses in the United States recommend against using continuous cardiotocography (CTG) in low-risk patients. In the United States, CTG or electronic fetal/uterine monitoring (EFM) rather than auscultation with a fetoscope or Pinard horn is the norm. Interpretation of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity (UA) tracings provided by continuous EFM may be associated with the decision for a cesarean birth. Typically, consent is not sought in the decision about type of monitoring. No studies were identified where women's attitudes about the need to consent to the type of fetal monitoring used during labor have been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine women's attitudes about the use of EFM in a healthcare setting.METHODSWe asked a sample of women aged 18–50 years to respond to one of three monitoringscenarios. The scenarios were used to distinguish between attitudes about monitoring in general, monitoring the health of a mother in labor, and monitoring the health of the fetus during labor. Wemeasured their level of interest in being monitored and their opinions about whether healthcare providers should be required to obtain consent for the monitoring described in the scenario.RESULTSInterest in receiving monitoring (across all three scenarios) was moderate, with the highest level of interest in monitoring the fetus during labor and the least interest in monitoring a general health context. Across all scenarios, 82% of respondents believed that practitioners should obtain consent for monitoring, 14% were unsure, and 4% said there should not be a requirement for consent. While low (6%), the percentage responding that consent was not needed was highest in monitoring a fetus in labor.CONCLUSIONSWomen in our study expressed a strong preference for the opportunity to consent to the use of monitoring regardless of the healthcare scenario. There is findings suggest the need for further research exploring what women do and do not know about CTG and what their informed performance are a pressing need to rethink the role of a pressing need to rethink the role of shared decision-making and informed consent about the type of monitoring use during labor.

Venture Philanthropy and Teacher Education Policy in the U.S.: The Role of the New Schools Venture Fund

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Zeichner ◽  
César Peña-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Venture Philanthropy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The U.S

Background & Purpose This article focuses on the growing role of venture philanthropy in shaping policy and practice in teacher education in the United States. Our goal is to bring a greater level of transparency to private influences on public policy and to promote greater discussion and debate in the public arena about alternative solutions to current problems. In this article, we focus on the role of one of the most influential private groups in the United States that invests in education, the New Schools Venture Fund (NSVF), in promoting deregulation and market-based policies. Research Design We examine the changing role of philanthropy in education and the role of the NSVF in developing and promoting a bill in the U.S. Congress (the GREAT Act) that would create a system throughout the nation of charter teacher and principal preparation programs called academies. In assessing the wisdom of the GREAT Act, we examine the warrant for claims that education schools have failed in their mission to educate teachers well and the corresponding narrative that entrepreneurial programs emanating from the private sector are the solution. Conclusions We reject both the position that the status quo in teacher education is acceptable (a position held by what we term “defenders”) and the position that the current system needs to be “blown up” and replaced by a market economy (“reformers”). We suggest a third position (“transformers”) that we believe will strengthen the U.S. system of public teacher education and provide everyone's children with high-quality teachers. We conclude with a call for more trenchant dialogue about the policy options before us and for greater transparency about the ways that private interests are influencing public policy and practice in teacher education.

Northern Europe by 2030: Contours and Algorithms of Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
K. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
The Status ◽  
External Driving ◽  
The Eu

The author proposes a forecast concerning the development of the Northern Europe countries up to 2030. The region is in direct dependence on international political developments. At least, these include: global change of the West’s role and place in the next world; the relative reduction of the role of the United States in the system of the Transatlantic connections; transformation of the EU as an independent “center of power”. Therefore, it is important to assess not only different national factors and correlation between internal and external driving forces in their development process, but also some “invariables” relating to the status of states under consideration.

A Qualitative Investigation of the Role of Gender in Young Women’s Dating Violence in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1697-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Lehrner ◽  
Nicole E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Larger Sample

The relevance of gender has been a central debate in the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature. The current qualitative study explored the role of gender in shaping the social context, meaning, and reception of young women’s IPV in the United States. A total of 36 undergraduate women were recruited from a larger sample for in-depth interviews. Emergent themes suggest that women’s violence was construed as nonequivalent to men’s violence, including the perceived triviality of women’s violence, contingencies under which women’s violence is deemed acceptable, and the status of male IPV as unacceptable. Gender was important for participants and bystanders in determining whether they interpreted behaviors as meaningful acts of violence.

scholarly journals Implementing ESD in Schools: Perspectives of Principals in Germany, Macau, and the USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9823
Author(s):  
Ulrich Müller ◽  
Dawson R. Hancock ◽  
Tobias Stricker ◽  
Chuang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Substantial Change

To successfully cope with global challenges such as climate change or loss of biodiversity, it will require a substantial change in the ways societies make use of the natural resources of our planet. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is expected to support the transformation of societies towards more sustainable ways of thinking, working, and living. Although there is a broad range of literature on ESD, little is known about the role of school leadership in ESD. However, leadership is crucial for the implementation of ESD in schools. This article gives a short overview of the status of ESD within Germany, Macau, and the United States and a literature review on leadership for ESD in schools. It reports on a study that seeks to investigate what principals do in Germany, Macau, and the United States; specifically, what management strategies they use and which competences they need to successfully establish ESD in their schools.

scholarly journals NEITHER FISH NOR FOWL: ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGES IN THE MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE STATE

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Russell L. Weaver ◽  
Linda D. Jellum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Administrative Adjudication ◽  
Divided Powers

This article examines the role of administrative adjudication in the United States constitutional system. It begins by noting that such adjudication fits uncomfortably within a system of divided powers. Administrative judges, including administrative law judges [ALJs] (who have the highest level of protection and status), are considerably more circumscribed than ordinary Article III judges. Indeed, administrative judges are usually housed in the agencies for which they decide cases, rather than in independent adjudicative bodies, and they do not always have the final say regarding the cases they decide. In many instances, the agency can appeal an adverse administrative judge’s decision directly to the head of the agency, and the agency head retains broad power to overrule the administrative judge’s determinations. In other words, the agency can substitute its judgment for that of the administrative judge regarding factual determinations, legal determinations, and policy choices. As a result, many administrative adjudicative structures involve difficult tradeoffs between independence, political control, and accountability. This article examines issues related to the status and power of administrative judges, as well as the constraints that have been imposed on administrative adjudicative authority, and explores whether those constraints continue to serve the purposes for which they were originally imposed.Cet article examine le rôle du règlement de différends dans le domaine administratif dans le cadre du système constitutionnel des États-Unis. Il note d’abord qu’une telle façon de régler les différends cadre difficilement avec un système où les pouvoirs sont divisés. Les juges administratifs, y inclus les juges de droit administratif (qui jouissent du niveau le plus élevé de protection et de statut), sont considérablement plus restreints que les juges ordinaires sous l’Article III. En effet, les juges administratifs sont d’habitude logés dans les agences pour lesquelles ils décident les cas, plutôt qu’au sein d’organismes indépendants de règlement de différends, et ils n’ont pas toujours le dernier mot dans les cas qu’ils jugent. Dans bien des cas, l’agence peut porter en appel directement au chef de l’agence une décision défavorable d’un juge administratif, et le chef de l’agence possède de vastes pouvoirs pour annuler la décision du juge administratif. En d’autres mots, l’agence peut substituer son jugement à celui du juge administratif quant aux décisions de fait, aux décisions de droit et aux choix de politiques. Par conséquent, plusieurs structures de règlement de différends dans le domaine administratif comportent des compromis difficiles entre l’indépendance, le contrôle politique et l’obligation de rendre compte. Cet article examine des questions se rapportant au statut et au pouvoir de juges administratifs, ainsi qu’aux contraintes qui ont été imposées sur l’autorité de régler des différends dans le domaine administratif, et explore la question à savoir si ces contraintes continuent à servir les buts pour lesquels elles ont été imposées originellement.

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