Housework and socialization

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Shannon N. Davis ◽  
Theodore N. Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Division Of Housework

Power dynamics in one’s family of origin shape internalized notions of normative family relationships. Therefore, the division of housework in one’s family of origin socializes children to hold specific attitudes and beliefs about how relationships should work. We examine this hypothesized empirical relationship in Chapter 9 of the book by using Latent Profile Analysis to identify profiles for the adult children of the NSFH couples used to construct the five housework classes (Ultra-traditional, Traditional, Transitional Husbands, Egalitarian, and Egalitarian High Workload). We found three classes for adult female children (Ultra-traditional, Traditional, and Nontraditional) and three classes for adult male children (Traditional, Transitional, and Nontraditional). Children responded to their parental division of labor in gendered ways, providing evidence for not only the parental socialization of housework behaviors but also the challenges faced by women and men in the changing cultural climate of the United States around gender and family responsibilities.

Why Who Cleans Counts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Davis ◽  
Theodore Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Over Time

While housework is an often-studied phenomenon, Why Who Cleans Counts frames the performance of housework as a way to understand power dynamics within couples. Using couple-level data from the United States-based National Survey of Families and Households (N = 3,906), we perform Latent Profile Analysis to identify five categories, or classes, of couples: Ultra-traditional, Traditional, Transitional Husbands, Egalitarian, and Egalitarian High Workload. The book describes how the housework classes and the behaviors of the couples within them reveal the power dynamics within the couples, power dynamics that center around gendered norms. Using Latent Trajectory Analysis, we follow the couples over time to examine change and stability in their housework performance; their behavior over time also reveals the use of power in their relationships. Finally, we examine the reported housework time of the adult children of the NSFH couples to determine the extent to which the power dynamics experienced in one’s childhood home shapes one’s own adult gendered performance of housework. The book concludes with suggestions for how practitioners and scholars might use the book’s findings given the changing demographics of the United States.

scholarly journals Policy Frameworks and Parental Choice: Using Conjoint Analysis to Understand Parental Decision Making for Child Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110223
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Davidson ◽  
Samantha Burns ◽  
Delaine Hampton ◽  
Linda White ◽  
Michal Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Child Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Child Care Services

Many children in Canada and the United States experience poor-quality child care on a regular basis. Under the rubric of “parent choice,” governments continue to permit a variety of licensed care providers (centers and homes) as well as unlicensed home child care providers. Research suggests, however, that parents are not well-informed consumers about child care services, unaware of even the basic characteristics of their child’s care. In this study, we provide findings from a latent profile analysis based on a conjoint survey conducted in Toronto, Canada to better understand the factors that influence parents’ decisions in selecting child care services. Based on responses from over 700 parents, we identify five classes of parents that reflect a range of preferences in selecting child care. However, most groups show a strong preference for licensed early childhood education and care (ECEC) options. Limitations of this study and implications for policy are discussed.

Individual- and School-level Predictors of Latent Profiles of Bullying Victimization: Comparing South Korea and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Han ◽  
Shinhye Lee ◽  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Juyoung Song ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Profiles

This cross-national research investigated nationally representative adolescents from South Korea and the United States, explored similarities and differences in latent profiles of bullying victimization between countries, and examined individual- and school-level variables that predict such latent profiles supported by the Social Disorganization Theory. The fourth-grade sample of the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from South Korea ( N = 4,669) and the United States ( N = 10,029) was used to conduct a latent profile analysis based on eight items of the bullying victimization questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using latent profiles as dependent variables. Independent variables include individual-level (material goods, school absence, academic interest, school belonging) and school-level (concentration of affluent families, school resources, the severity of delinquency, academic commitment) factors. More similarities existed than differences in the latent groups of bullying victimization between South Korea ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational-physical, and multi-risk) and the United States ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational, and multi-risk). Evidence for school-level variables as predictors of bullying victimization profiles was stronger for adolescents in the United States, with a concentration of affluent families and severity of delinquency being significant in four of the six models. For the South Korean sample, the severity of delinquency predicted bullying victimization in only one model. Examination of both individual- and school-level factors that predict unique bullying victimization experiences grounded in Social Disorganization Theory may be informative for addressing key areas of intervention—especially at the school-level context in which victimization primarily takes place and where anti-bullying intervention programs are often provided.

scholarly journals Typologies of Family Functioning and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Guerrero ◽  
Joel Barnes ◽  
Mark Tremblay ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Typologies ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the current study was to use latent profile analysis to identify family typologies characterized by parental acceptance, parental monitoring, and family conflict, and to examine whether such typologies were associated with the number of movement behavior recommendations (i.e., physical activity, screen time, and sleep) met by children. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional observational study were part of the baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected from September 1, 2016 to September 15, 2018, across 21 study sites in the United States. Participants included 11,875 children aged 9 and 10 years. Results: Results from latent profile analysis showed that children were meaningfully classified into one of five family typologies, ranging from ideal (high acceptance, high monitoring, and low conflict) to poor (medium acceptance, low monitoring, and high conflict) functioning. Children from good (OR= 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.76), average (OR=0.28; 95% CI, 0.20, 0.40), fair (OR=0.24; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.36), and poor (OR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.12-0.29) functioning families were less likely to meet all three movement behavior recommendations compared to children from ideal functioning families. The odds of meeting all recommendations progressively decreased as family functioning worsened. Similar findings and pattern of results were found for meeting ≥2 recommendations and ≥1 recommendation. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of the family environment for promoting healthy movement behaviors among children.

The five classes

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Shannon N. Davis ◽  
Theodore N. Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
National Study ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Latent Profile

Chapter 4 presents findings from couple-level data from the National Study of Families and Households (Wave 1). We employ latent profile analysis to describe categories, or classes, of couples. We found that couples fell into five categories: Ultra-traditional, Traditional, Transitional Husbands, Egalitarian, and Egalitarian High Workload. This chapter presents the profiles of each of these classes of couples based upon their joint division of labor. The analysis is unique in that we use self-reported data from each spouse in order to document patterns across the 3,906 couples for whom we have complete data.

scholarly journals Some people just want to watch the world burn: the prevalence, psychology and politics of the ‘Need for Chaos’

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1822) ◽  
pp. 20200147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux ◽  
Timothy B. Gravelle ◽  
Mathias Osmundsen ◽  
Michael Bang Petersen ◽  
Jason Reifler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Political Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

People form political attitudes to serve psychological needs. Recent research shows that some individuals have a strong desire to incite chaos when they perceive themselves to be marginalized by society. These individuals tend to see chaos as a way to invert the power structure and gain social status in the process. Analysing data drawn from large-scale representative surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, we identify the prevalence of Need for Chaos across Anglo-Saxon societies. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we explore whether different subtypes underlie the uni-dimensional construct and find evidence that some people may be motivated to seek out chaos because they want to rebuild society, while others enjoy destruction for its own sake. We demonstrate that chaos-seekers are not a unified political group but a divergent set of malcontents. Multiple pathways can lead individuals to ‘want to watch the world burn’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms’.

Identifying Effective Mentors in Scientific Communication: A Latent Profile Analysis of Mentor Beliefs

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532092412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl B. Anderson ◽  
Shine Chang ◽  
Hwa Young Lee ◽  
Constance D. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Physician Scientist ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Research Faculty ◽  
Latent Profile

The need to specifically mentor graduate and medical students performing biomedical and biobehavioral research in communication skills is increasingly being highlighted to increase intention to pursue academic research careers, including physician–scientist careers. This study used data collected from 354 research faculty in 33 states across the United States to examine beliefs and perceived barriers about mentoring in scientific communication (writing, presenting, and informal discussion about science), with the goal of advancing evidence-based recommendations for mentoring interventions. Latent profile analysis identified four mentor profiles, based on beliefs regarding mentoring responsibility, expected outcomes, and barriers in scientific communication mentoring. Problem solvers, who acknowledged trainee problems but reported high efficacy in overcoming them, offered the highest levels of supportive and instructive mentoring. Since mentoring messages and actions influence trainee career development significantly, our results have important implications for faculty development to advance effective mentoring, especially in scientific communication.

scholarly journals Identifying the Subtypes and Characteristics of Mental Workload Among Chinese Physicians in Outpatient Practice: A Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehe Li ◽  
Yinhuan Hu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Ximin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Western China ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Latent Profile

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental workload level of physicians in outpatient practice since the normalization of prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore the subtypes of physicians regarding their mental workload.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1,934 physicians primarily in 24 hospitals in 6 provinces in Eastern, Central, and Western China was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify clusters based on the six subscales of the Chinese version of physician mental workload scale developed by our research team. Chi-square tests were performed to explore the differences in demographic characteristics of the subtypes among the subgroups, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was further conducted to identify the determinants of the subtypes of physicians.Results: Overall, the participating physicians reported high levels of task load but with high self-assessed performance (68.01 ± 14.25) while performing communication work tasks characterized by direct patient interaction in outpatient clinics. About 33.8% of the participating physicians were identified as “high workload and high self-assessment” subtype, compared to 49.7% “medium workload and medium self-assessment” subtype and 16.4% “low workload and low self-assessment” subtype. Physicians in “high workload and high self-assessment” subtype had the highest mean mental workload score. Physicians who were female, younger, married, worse health status, those who had lower educational level and an average monthly income of 5,001–10,000 RMB, those who worked in tertiary A hospitals, more hours per week and more than 40 h per week in outpatient clinics, and those who saw more outpatients per day, and spent more time per patient but with higher outpatient satisfaction were more likely to belong to “high workload and high self-assessment” subtype.Conclusion: Our findings can help provide a solid foundation for developing targeted interventions for individual differences across physicians regarding their mental workload. We suggest the hospital managers should pay more attention to those physicians with characteristics of the “high workload and high self-assessment” subtype and strengthen the management of the workload of this subtype of physicians to reduce the risks of their mental health, and to maintain their high work performance in outpatient clinics.

scholarly journals Typologies of Family Functioning and 24-h Movement Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Guerrero ◽  
Joel D. Barnes ◽  
Mark S. Tremblay ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Typologies ◽  
Latent Profile

Research on the importance of the family environment on children’s health behaviors is ubiquitous, yet critical gaps in the literature exist. Many studies have focused on one family characteristic and have relied on variable-centered approaches as opposed to person-centered approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis). The purpose of the current study was to use latent profile analysis to identify family typologies characterized by parental acceptance, parental monitoring, and family conflict, and to examine whether such typologies are associated with the number of movement behavior recommendations (i.e., physical activity, screen time, and sleep) met by children. Data for this cross-sectional observational study were part of the baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected across 21 study sites in the United States. Participants included 10,712 children (female = 5143, males = 5578) aged 9 and 10 years (M = 9.91, SD = 0.62). Results showed that children were meaningfully classified into one of five family typologies. Children from families with high acceptance, medium monitoring, and medium conflict (P2; OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39–0.76); high acceptance, medium monitoring, and high conflict (P3; OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.20, 0.40); low acceptance, low monitoring, and medium conflict (P4; OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.36); and medium acceptance, low monitoring, and high conflict (P5; OR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.12–0.29) were less likely to meet all three movement behavior recommendations compared to children from families with high acceptance, high monitoring, and low conflict (P1). These findings highlight the importance of the family environment for promoting healthy movement behaviors among children.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Prevalence of Social Media Addiction Across Multiple Classification Schemes: Latent Profile Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Cheng ◽  
Omid V Ebrahimi ◽  
Jeremy W Luk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Social Media Addiction ◽  
Latent Profile

BACKGROUND As social media is a major channel of interpersonal communication in the digital age, social media addiction has emerged as a novel mental health issue that has raised considerable concerns among researchers, health professionals, policy makers, mass media, and the general public. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of social media addiction derived from 4 major classification schemes (strict monothetic, strict polythetic, monothetic, and polythetic), with latent profiles embedded in the empirical data adopted as the benchmark for comparison. The extent of matching between the classification of each scheme and the actual data pattern was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analyses. The associations between social media addiction and 2 comorbid mental health conditions—depression and anxiety—were investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted, and the replicability of findings was assessed in 2 independent samples comprising 573 adults from the United Kingdom (261/573, 45.6% men; mean age 43.62 years, SD 12.24 years) and 474 adults from the United States (224/474, 47.4% men; mean age 44.67 years, SD 12.99 years). The demographic characteristics of both samples were similar to those of their respective populations. RESULTS The prevalence estimates of social media addiction varied across the classification schemes, ranging from 1% to 15% for the UK sample and 0% to 11% for the US sample. The latent profile analysis identified 3 latent groups for both samples: low-risk, at-risk, and high-risk. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were high (83%-100%) for all classification schemes, except for the relatively lower sensitivity (73%-74%) for the polythetic scheme. However, the polythetic scheme had high positive predictive values (88%-94%), whereas such values were low (2%-43%) for the other 3 classification schemes. The group membership yielded by the polythetic scheme was largely consistent (95%-96%) with that of the benchmark. CONCLUSIONS Among the classification schemes, the polythetic scheme is more well-balanced across all 4 indices.

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