Introduction

The introduction explains the selection and range of countries that are covered by the book and offers a brief historiography of the field. It also discusses the use of life stories in intellectual disability history and analyses the differing roles that eugenics had placed in this history. An overview of chapters is then followed by a discussion of the complexities of language in intellectual disability history generally and in a transnational approach in particular. This section then brings some of the main themes of the book, in particular the role of families, problems of exclusion and inequality, the formation of out-groups and the question of progress. Finally the section discusses future possible transnational approaches in this field of study.

Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba

Chapter 6 reviews research on the topic of vocational/occupational development in relation to the McAdams and Pals tripartite personality framework of traits, goals, and life stories. Distinctions between types of motivations for the work role (as a job, career, or calling) are particularly highlighted. The authors then turn to research from the Futures Study on work motivations and their links to personality traits, identity, generativity, and the life story, drawing on analyses and quotes from the data set. To illustrate the key concepts from this vocation chapter, the authors end with a case study on Charles Darwin’s pivotal turning point, his round-the-world voyage as naturalist for the HMS Beagle. Darwin was an emerging adult in his 20s at the time, and we highlight the role of this journey as a turning point in his adult vocational development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. eabf3072
Author(s):  
Y. Nagayoshi ◽  
T. Chujo ◽  
S. Hirata ◽  
H. Nakatsuka ◽  
C.-W. Chen ◽  
...  

FtsJ RNA 2′-O-methyltransferase 1 (FTSJ1) gene has been implicated in X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), but the molecular pathogenesis is unknown. We show that Ftsj1 is responsible for 2′-O-methylation of 11 species of cytosolic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at the anticodon region, and these modifications are abolished in Ftsj1 knockout (KO) mice and XLID patient–derived cells. Loss of 2′-O-methylation in Ftsj1 KO mouse selectively reduced the steady-state level of tRNAPhe in the brain, resulting in a slow decoding at Phe codons. Ribosome profiling showed that translation efficiency is significantly reduced in a subset of genes that need to be efficiently translated to support synaptic organization and functions. Ftsj1 KO mice display immature synaptic morphology and aberrant synaptic plasticity, which are associated with anxiety-like and memory deficits. The data illuminate a fundamental role of tRNA modification in the brain through regulation of translation efficiency and provide mechanistic insights into FTSJ1-related XLID.


2017 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline McCool ◽  
Adiaha Spinks-Franklin ◽  
Lenora M. Noroski ◽  
Lorraine Potocki

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (05) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moneef Shoukier ◽  
Sigrid Fuchs ◽  
Eva Schwaibold ◽  
Michael Lingen ◽  
Jutta Gärtner ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4022
Author(s):  
Pernilla Gluch ◽  
Stina Månsson

Over the past two decades, sustainability professionals have entered the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. However, little attention has been given to the actual professionalization processes of these and the leadership conducted by them when shaping the pace and direction for sustainable development. With the aim to explore how the role of sustainability professionals develops, critical events affecting everyday sustainability work practices were identified. Based on a phenomenological study with focus on eight experienced environmental managers’ life stories, and by applying the theoretical lens of institutional entrepreneurship, the study displays a professionalization process in six episodes. Different critical events both enabled and disabled environmental managers’ opportunity to engage in institutional entrepreneurship. The findings indicate how agency is closely interrelated to temporary discourses in society; they either serve to support change and create new institutional practices towards enhanced sustainability or disrupt change when agency to act is temporarily “lost”. To manage a continually changing environment, environmental managers adopt different strategies depending on the situated context and time, such as finding ambassadors and interorganizational allies, mobilizing resources, creating organizational structures, and repositioning themselves.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Alifah Nuke Febrianty ◽  
Alabanyo Brebahama ◽  
Melok Roro Kinanthi

Tunagrahita merupakan salah satu jenis disabilitas yang membuat penyandangnya memiliki inteligensi jauh di bawah rata-rata serta kemampuan bina bantu diri yang terbatas. Hambatan tersebut membuat anak tunagrahita menjadi kurang mandiri sehingga orang tua harus memberikan perhatian serta bantuan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak pada umumnya. Hal inilah yang dapat menjadi stressor bagi keluarga terutama ibu yang merupakan caregiver utama pada anak karena ibulah yang paling banyak meluangkan waktu untuk pengasuhan sang anak. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan ketangguhan keluarga dalam menghadapi masalah terkait kehadiran anak tunagrahita. Resiliensi keluarga dianggap sukses bila keluarga dapat bertahan dari kesulitan dan mengambil makna dari kesulitan yang dihadapi. Salah satu cara untuk dapat resilien adalah dengan mengembangkan pandangan positif saat menghadapi masalah yang disebut juga sebagai koherensi keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran koherensi keluarga terhadap resiliensi keluarga yang memiliki anak tunagrahita dari perspektif ibu. Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 60 orang ibu yang memiliki anak tunagrahita, berdomisili di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi yang dipilih menggunakan metode  purposive sampling ­. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ) untuk mengukur resiliensi keluarga dan Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOCS) untuk mengukur family sense of coherence. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi, didapatkan hasil bahwa family sense of coherence berperan secara signifikan (p 0,05) terhadap resiliensi keluarga (R-square= 0,235). Hal ini berarti koherensi keluarga berperan sebesar 23,5% terhadap resiliensi keluarga dan 76,5% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Terkait dengan hal ini, upaya meningkatkan resiliensi keluarga dapat dilakukan dengan membantu keluarga mengembangkan perspektif positif dalam melihat situasi yang terjadi, menumbuhkan optimisme, dan mengedukasi keluarga untuk dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya di sekitarnya untuk membantu atasi situasi. Intellectual disability is the one of disability in which the individu has intellectual far below the average, and limitation in activity daily living. This limitation makes the children with intellectual disability have low autonomy cause parents should give care and assitaant more then usual. This condition can be the one of stressor for family, especially for the mother as caregiver who give more time to practice parenting for their children. So, family resillience is very important to face the emergence of intellectual disability children in family. In order to be resillient, a family should have positive perspective when facing the problem, called sense of coherence. The purpose of this research is finding the role of family sense of coherence towards family resillience among family who has intellectual disability children. The participant of this research is 60 mothers who have intellectual disability children and live in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). The participants is selected by using purposive sampling method. This research uesd Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ) to measure family resillience, and Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOCS) to measure family sense of corerence. Based on regression test, family sense of corerence has significant role towards family resilience (R Square = 0,235, p 0,05). It meanse that family sense of coherence gives contribution about 23,5 % to family resillience, and 76,5 % influenced by another factors. As the conslusion, family can be more resillient if it develops positive perspective when facing problem, build optimism, and use every resources wisely in order to solve problem. 


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariawan ◽  
Titien Agustina

Nowadays a Social entrepreneurship is most important field in all service and public sectors. In other ways it gives all way ofthinking in a social terms like poverty and hunger. Also it is compelling life stories and it gives a progress against increasingWorld issues of poor living and sickness. This term offers the opportunities of living and money for poor people by representinghigher level of social problems. It also gives a chance of improvement by insights process of social entrepreneur’s analysis. Inthe little business these social things, usually reinvent the fact that they have to struggle for maintaining and managing sm allbusiness with comparatively other variety of business. So usually a management can be done in social entrepreneurs in rarebasis for the self fulfilment of all data, in company these issues is ahead from many years by doing isolation, these are hoppingfor complete impact in these issues for better economic growth. There are lots of challenging changes has to do to performthese management in all over World. The most important thing is done in this paper is to make a high level of quality analysis insocial entrepreneurship as on the demand of sectors. These is made so fast as it affect all others analysis like educationdepartment of tenure and recognition


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Emanoel Pereira ◽  
Elza Maria Techio ◽  
José Luís Álvaro ◽  
Carina Feitosa ◽  
Benvindo Maloa ◽  
...  

Despite the numerous efforts to reduce prejudice and social discrimination as well as their repercussions, such phenomena are still part of everyday life and mark individual life stories. The experiences of the target and the agent of discrimination were differents. The present study addresses a gap in the literature of social psychology: through a relational analysis, it explores the perceptions of the target of discrimination without leaving aside the perspective of the agent. Using a computerized version of a self-report instrument, we aimed to assess the relation between the experience of racial discrimination and skin color and to what extent this relation is modulated by psychosocial and sociodemographic variables in two national contexts, Brazil and Mozambique. A total of 150 university students participated in the study, 89 from Brazil and 61 from Mozambique. The results show that in both countries the participants report more experiences of discrimination coming from White than from Black people, with a larger difference for the Brazilian sample population. The study also verified that the darker the person’s skin color, the higher their perception of having been discriminated against. In the Brazilian group, the accounts of discrimination coming both from White and Black people are associated with darker skin color. In the Mozambican group, diversely, participants with lighter and darker skin color perceived being the target of discrimination, inflicted both by White and Black people. Finally, we identified that perceived discrimination is predicted by skin color. The discussion focuses on the perspective of the targets of discrimination and highlights the role of skin color in the process of perceiving racial discrimination, especially regarding the psychosocial variables motivation to control prejudice and social domination.


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