Minimum budgets for Danish families

Author(s):  
Jens Bonke ◽  
Anders Eiler Wiese Christensen

This chapter reports on minimum reference budgets for Danish families. It discusses the first versions of the Danish minimum reference budgets that were produced in the 1990s and followed the Low Cost but Acceptable (LCA) approach. It also explains the Danish reference budgets that represent consumption expenditures associated with a modest but still healthy and basic social life for different families and households. The chapter looks into the deliberations of expert groups in order to define the necessary requirements for living a modest but still healthy life, and reference budgets that cover ten different family or household groups. It compares the Danish reference budgets against the Norwegian reference budgets as both follow similar expert-led procedures.

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tsuji

Abstract The national health promotion program, Health Japan 21 (second term), began in 2013. This program has set 5 basic goals: to extend healthy life expectancy and reduce health disparity, to prevent noncommunicable disease, to improve function for social life, to establish a social environment for health, and to improve lifestyle. To achieve these goals, Health Japan 21 (second term) set 53 targets for the period between 2013 and 2022. At the interim evaluation in 2018, only 21 of the 53 targets were judged likely to be achieved by 2022. In addition, 18 targets were judged as unchanged, and 1 target was judged to be deteriorating. Thus, to achieve the goals of Health Japan 21 (second term), further efforts to strengthen health promotion programs across Japan are needed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Hamdi Darmawan ◽  
Ermaya Suradinata ◽  
Rossy Lambelanova ◽  
Sampara Lukman

As one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, Palembang City is included in the ranks of the most populated cities in Indonesia. It should pay attention to the social life of its people, especially in terms of place of residence and residence. Since the issuance of Law Number 1 of 2011 and Government Regulation Number 64 of 2016 concerning low-cost housing, it has not been running optimally. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching implementing low-cost housing policies in the city of Palembang. This research uses qualitative methods with observation techniques, in-depth interviews with informants supported by various related documents. This study uses the concept of wisdom, the process of implementing wisdom, the factors that influence the implementation of wisdom. The results of this study indicate that the performance of low-cost housing for the people in Palembang City has not been optimal due to various dominant factors, namely communication and conflicts of interest between agencies so that it requires a strategy by carrying out different incremental policies such as regulatory reform, increasing resources, forming public opinion, and cooperation. With private parties.


Author(s):  
Khizam Deby Kurniawan ◽  
Ana Hardiana ◽  
Rufia Andisetyana Putri

<p><em>City has main attraction for livable. The public has the view that a town has a comprehensive facilities , good accessibility , a broad field of work and so on. This matter causes population growth developments in the city, because people migrating to the city livelihood for the sake of more worthy. The increasing population is not balanced with the service especially in the field of housing the city settlement that will appear squatter. So that the squatter need to be handled, in general the handling of having two pattern handling squatter approach , that is a pattern on-site and off-site. On site pattern is a problem handling squatter location without move to another region but with providing a place of decent housing. While off site pattern is handling by moving the squatter to the regions and with the status of land was legal. In fact both handling is to improve social life and economic society. One of squatter handling in Surakarta is build a low cost apartment. The limited land in Surakarta is one of the reason to build a low cost apartment in the Surakarta City for handling squatter. Based on issues, this research knowing comparisons of socio-economic change in the low cost apartment post-handling squatter. The method is applicable in weighting analysis methods in identifying the social economy at low cost apartment in Surakarta. This result oh the research re the comparisons of socioeconomic aspects of changes on residents after handling squatter in Surakarta can be seen that in Begalon I low cost apartment experienced a medium increase, while in Begalon II low cost apartment and Semanggi low cost apartment increased low. So that the change in the economic and social aspect of Begalon I low cost apartment with on site pattern has the higher than Begalon II low cost apartment and Semanggi low cost apartment with off site pattern.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>low cost apartment, socioeconomic aspects, squatter</em></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08024
Author(s):  
Batnairamdal Chuluun ◽  
Alexandrina Vodenitcharova ◽  
Todor Kundurzhiev ◽  
Todor Krasimirov Dimitrov ◽  
Alexandra Trajkovska ◽  
...  

Studying dietary practice and lifestyle of Mongolian monks. The research is supported by Zuun Khuree Dashichoiling Monastery. We used historical classification, conclusion and review listing methods, analysis, integration, methods of evidential documents and linguistic study in order to conduct the research. Venerable monks were head educators in social life and example of healthy life by fasting and prohibiting meal after dusk. The five elements of human body and evolution three elements were continuously changed in order to adapt environmental and climate changes. Monks used to manage their diet by knowing accumulation, activation and pacification of elements and six seasons. They live long with clear minds free from senility, opaqueness, which directly related to their proper diet and intellectual exercises. Aging is not obsolescence but a normal phenomenon of healthy body. In theory of the traditional medicine, biological age of may be related to the percentage of wind, bile and phlegm. It is possible to prevent and heal diseases through proper use of diet by coordinating with body features, age requirements and seasonal differences. By combining theory of traditional medicine and right lifestyle, there are ways for creating new preventive treatment methods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Braz dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Ocelli Ungheri ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira

NTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento é um processo que afeta diferentes sistemas do ser humano, impactando a saúde e a vida social das pessoas. A prática de exercício físico contribui com a atenuação dos aspectos negativos que possam emergir com o tempo, sendo o esporte praticado na categoria master uma opção para fruição de uma vida saudável, com vistas à promoção do bem-estar. Nessa esteira, a competição pode se fazer presente no cotidiano dos praticantes, que podem ter atuado como atletas quando mais jovens ou simplesmente se engajado a um estilo de vida norteado pela prática de exercício físico. OBJETIVO: Determinar os motivos que levam nadadores masters a treinarem e competirem. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 75 atletas de natação master, sendo 55 homens e 20 mulheres, com idade 42,5±12,8 anos, pertencentes a diversas categorias competitivas. Foi utilizado o Instrumento de Diagnóstico de Adesão à Prática de Natação - IDAPRAN, com a finalidade de estabelecer o perfil e a razão pela qual o(a) atleta permanece na natação. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o início da prática na natação ocorreu após 40 anos, correspondendo 48% da amostra, 73,3% dos avaliados tiveram pelo menos 15 anos de envolvimento com a modalidade. Os motivos de abandono dos atletas que iniciaram jovens, estão relacionados a foco nos estudos (63%) e trabalho (22%). Os principais motivos relacionados para se manter na prática da natação foram sempre ter gostado da modalidade (27%), evitar problemas de saúde (24%) e se sentir bem fisicamente (perceber-se como atleta) (19%). Adicionalmente, o desafio existente na prática e os benefícios à saúde foram considerados como muito importantes para adesão na natação. CONCLUSÃO: O engajamento à natação pelos atletas master se dá por meio de diferentes motivos, contudo a manutenção da saúde e o sentimento de condicionamento físico, aliado aos motivos psicossociais são as determinantes mais latentes. Old, But never obsolete! Masters swimmers: Reasons for sport practice engagement ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Aging is a process that affects different systems of the human being, impacting people’s health and social life. The practice of physical exercise contributes to the mitigation of negative aspects that emerge over time, being the sport practiced in the master category an option for the enjoyment of a healthy life, with a view to promoting well-being. In this wake, a competition can be present in the daily lives of practitioners, who may have acted as athletes when they were younger or simply engaged in a lifestyle guided by the practice of physical exercise. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reasons why master swimmers train and compete. METHODS: 75 master swimmers participated in the study, 55 men and 20 women, aged 42.5±12.8 years, belonging to several competitive categories. The Instrument of Accession Diagnostics in Swimming Practice (IDAPRAN) was used, with the profile established and the reason why the athlete was qualified in swimming. RESULTS: It was observed that the beginning of the practice in the occurrence after 40 years corresponds to 48% of the sample, 73.3% of those obtained at least 15 years of occurrence with the modality. The reasons for dropout athletes who started young, are related to focus on studies (63%) and work (22%). The main factors related to staying in the practice of swimming were always having enjoyed the sport (27%), avoiding health problems (24%) and feeling physically well (perceiving yourself as an athlete) (19%). In addition, the challenge in practice and the health benefits were considered to be very important for adherence to swimming.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the commitment to swimming by the master athletes occurs by through different reasons, however the maintenance of health and the feeling of physical conditioning, combined with psychosocial reasons are the most latent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Gita Khadka ◽  
Megh Raj Dangal

This paper provides the insights for a better understanding of individual, familiar, and social factors of loneliness that influence wellbeing of people in later life. The review offers a thematic analysis on loneliness in elderly people and the therapeutic effects of gardening activities for healthy ageing. Five key themes related to loneliness of elderly people emerged across the papers: loneliness-an issue for wellbeing in life after retirement; the effects of gardening and plants on loneliness; gardening – a therapeutic tool to combat loneliness; elderly’s loneliness during the pandemic and home gardening; and national and international initiatives to decrease loneliness in the elderly population. The review found a significant gap in literature directly connecting loneliness in the elderly with gardening activities for happy and healthy life ageing. The review found that there is a limited number of literatures on the loneliness situation of elderly people during the pandemic, where gardening plays a vital role to reduce the psychological problem while maintaining the social distancing and isolation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2023185118
Author(s):  
Joan Hamory ◽  
Edward Miguel ◽  
Michael Walker ◽  
Michael Kremer ◽  
Sarah Baird

Estimating the impact of child health investments on adult living standards entails multiple methodological challenges, including the lack of experimental variation in health status, an inability to track individuals over time, and accurately measuring living standards and productivity in low-income settings. This study exploits a randomized school health intervention that provided deworming treatment to Kenyan children, and uses longitudinal data to estimate impacts on economic outcomes up to 20 y later. The effective respondent tracking rate was 84%. Individuals who received two to three additional years of childhood deworming experienced a 14% gain in consumption expenditures and 13% increase in hourly earnings. There are also shifts in sectors of residence and employment: treatment group individuals are 9% more likely to live in urban areas, and experience a 9% increase in nonagricultural work hours. Most effects are concentrated among males and older individuals. The observed consumption and earnings benefits, together with deworming’s low cost when distributed at scale, imply that a conservative estimate of its annualized social internal rate of return is 37%, a high return by any standard.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Alagbe, J. O ◽  
Shittu, M. D ◽  
Eunice Abidemi Ojo

Medicinal plants are used to prevent, treat and promote healthy life in human and animals, their medicinal value are due to the presence of bioactive chemicals or secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) making it more suitable for animals with benefits of low cost and total safety. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants and they perform a multiple biological activities such as: antibacterial, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antifungal, hepato-protective, hypolipidemic and antiviral properties. The efficacy of phytochemicals in plants depends on their organic composition (tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, phenols and alkaloids), method of extraction or processing, harvesting procedure, soil type, geographical location and level of maturity. Plants are also found to be loaded with minerals, vitamins and other nutrients needed for the growth and development of animals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayong Zhang ◽  
Guang Guo

Online social networks appear to enrich our social life, which raises the question whether they remove cognitive constraints on human communication and improve human social capabilities. In this paper, we analyze the users' following and followed relationships based on the data of Sina Microblogging and reveal several structural properties of Sina Microblogging. Compared with real-life social networks, our results confirm some similar features. However, Sina Microblogging also shows its own specialties, such as hierarchical structure and degree disassortativity, which all mark a deviation from real-life social networks. The low cost of the online network forms a broader perspective, and the one-way link relationships make it easy to spread information, but the online social network does not make too much difference in the creation of strong interpersonal relationships. Finally, we describe the mechanisms for the formation of these characteristics and discuss the implications of these structural properties for the real-life social networks.


Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.


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