Conclusion: A Social Theory of Transnational Criminal Markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Simon Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Market Society ◽  
Systematic Feature ◽  
The Law ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Business Orientation

This chapter begins by recounting common themes across global trafficking markets, and considering the evidence for links and overlaps between them, using three parameters: geographical; transit; and exchange of one trafficked commodity for another. Then we revisit the spectrum of enterprise concept that has been a central thread of analysis of each trafficking market throughout the book. Trafficking is discussed as a form of illicit commodification, as objects and people are transformed into things that can be bought and sold. Commodification is a central feature of contemporary market society, and it encourages an objectification of the things and people being trafficked, which come to be seen merely as items that can be exploited by business-minded entrepreneurs willing to break the law. Through these processes of commodification and exploitation, trafficking is seen as a systematic feature of globalised neoliberal economy and society. The illegal part of the spectrum of enterprise turns a mirror on modern society and economy that highlights some of the worst features of capitalist life: including a business orientation that is systematically indifferent to harmful effects.

Designing Requirement of Spring and MR Damper for New Type Baby Car Seat

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Cho ◽  
Seung Bok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mr Damper ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Magnetorheological Damper ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Car Safety ◽  
New Type ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Law ◽  
Car Accident ◽  
Safety Seat

In modern society, a plenty of car accident is occurred and a lot of people get injury every day. For this reason, the importance of car safety has been increased and car safety has been extensively studied. Especially in many countries, the law about using baby safety seat is legislated to protect babies and children from accident. Thus, recently numerous products for baby safety have been developed. In this paper, a new type baby car seat is proposed to protect babies and children from frontal accident. In order to achieve this goal, design requirements of spring and MR(Magnetorheological) Damper which are main elements for a new type baby car seat are investigated.

Risk, propriety, and sexual assault

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Diana Young
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Risk Theory ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Canadian Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
A Site ◽  
Traditional Norms

- Legal theorists often conceive of the law as a closed system of reasoning, and as the central mechanism through which the uses of power are conferred and circumscribed. However, social theory challenges this conception of law by telling us that a great deal of power is non-juridical in nature, operating through discursive practices that define and normalize conduct. This raises doubts as to whether juridical power can be used to achieve social transformation. Risk theory uncovers discursive practices that operate as non-juridical sites of power, by showing how risk analyses normalize contingent values through the use of value-neutral terms of statistical probabilities. For example, feminist criminologists, drawing on risk theory, have shown us how risk discourses can be used to reinforce traditional norms of femininity, particularly by responsibilizing women for minimizing the risk of sexual assault. Using an example from the Canadian law of sexual assault, this paper considers whether the law inevitably reproduces the very discourses of femininity that many law reformers are trying to disrupt, or whether it might act as a site wherein these discourses may be challenged.

The Vision of Foundations of Social Theory

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
Trust Law

AbstractModern society has undergone a fundamental change to a society built around purposively established organizations. Social theory in this context can be a guide to social construction. Foundations of Social Theory is dedicated to this aim. Being oriented towards the design of social institutions it has to choose a voluntaristic, purposive theory of action and must make the behavior of social systems explainable in terms of the combination of individual actions. It has to deal with the emergence and maintenance of norms and rights, the concepts of authority, trust, law and legitimacy, the viability of organizations and the efficiency of social systems. But more important than the specific points is the vision of a new role for social theory in an increasingly constructed social environment. This vision is the motivation behind Foundations of Social Theory.

scholarly journals Commercial Appropriation of a Person's Image: Wells V Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (Unreported 11961/2006) 2009 ZAWCHC 173 (9 November 2009)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Steve Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Business People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Our modern society has become transfixed with celebrity. Business people and marketers also endeavour to cash in on the popularity enjoyed by the stars and realise the value of associating merchandise or trademarks with the rich and famous. This leads to difficulties when the attributes of a person are apparently used without consent, which poses new questions to the law: should the law protect the individual against the unlawful use of his or her image? If so, to what extent should such protection be granted? These were some of the questions which the court had to answer in Wells v Atoll Media (Pty). The judgment in Wellshas redefined the right to identity and provided some clarity on what the infringement of that right would amount to. When the attributes of a person are used without consent, the right to identity can be violated in one of four ways. A person's right to identity can be infringed upon if the attributes of that person are used without permission in a way which cannot be reconciled with the true image of the individual concerned, if the use amounts to the commercial exploitation of the individual, if it cannot be reconciled with generally accepted norms of decency, or if it violates the privacy of that person.

scholarly journals The Iron Law

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Sims Bainbridge
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Old Republic ◽  
The Many

Star Wars: The Old Republic and Fallen Earth are two of the many recent online gameworlds that depict disintegrating and conflict-ridden societies, in which the very legitimacy of the law is in doubt. Thus they become vehicles for critique of real modern society, and intentionally or unintentionally reflect social-scientific theories of social disorganization, institutional functionality, and the origins of law. This essay examines these examples in terms of the Iron Law of Oligarchy proposed a century ago by Robert Michels, and related classical theories that either contradict or extend it.

scholarly journals Axel Honneth: The law of freedom – Institutionalization of freedom in modern societies – A reconstruction and some remarks

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Dahl Rendtorff
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Axel Honneth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Law ◽  
Philosophy Of Right

This paper reconstructs the argument of Axel Honneth’s recent book Das Recht der Freiheit as a theory of the institutionalization of freedom in modern society. In particular, it looks at Honneth’s argument for the realization of freedom in law and morality that is proposed as a contemporary re-interpretation of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Then I discuss Honneth’s argument for the reality of freedom in the ethical spheres of civil society, in particular in the family, the market and in democracy. Finally, the paper proposes some critical remarks to Honneth’s theory.

Imagination and Art

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of imagination and the arts in helping social scientists to theorize well. However deep one's basic knowledge of social theory is, and however many concepts, mechanisms, and theories one knows, unless this knowledge is used in an imaginative way, the result will be dull and noncreative. A good research topic should among other things operate as an analogon—that is, it should be able to set off the theoretical imagination of the social scientist. Then, when a social scientist writes, he or she may want to write in such a way that the reader's theoretical imagination is stirred. Besides imagination, the chapter also discusses the relationship of social theory to art. There are a number of reason for this, including the fact that in modern society, art is perceived as the height of imagination and creativity.

Boxes

Outsiders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Zachary Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
The Law ◽  
Blunt Tool ◽  
Hard Cases

The box is the central feature of American civil rights law. To be protected against discrimination, a person must fit into an existing box. The boxes are discrete and defined, fixed and unbending. Each box houses a trait, and the existence of the box means that the trait receives protection against discrimination. The name of the game in civil rights is to anchor yourself to a box, to demonstrate that the discrimination you faced was because of a protected trait. If you can’t do this—if you can’t fit into one of the boxes—you have no claim. But the box is a blunt tool. There are too many hard cases, too many situations where people are shut out of the enterprise. This chapter argues that religious discrimination law can show us how to build an antidiscrimination system that takes people on their own terms and lets them be themselves. It argues that the box is not essential to the work of righting wrongs, and that difference has a place in the law. The box is the problem. We can do better.

A Social Theory of Constitutional Imaginaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Jiří Přibáň
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Law And Politics

This chapter focuses on the concept of constitutional imaginaries and their classic legitimation semantics of topos-ethnos-nomos. Constitutional imaginaries are considered internal symbolic constructs of self-constituted positive law and politics which make it possible to describe functionally differentiated modern society as one polity and distinguish between legal and political legitimacies and illegitimacies in this polity. They are not limited by the unity of topos-ethnos-nomos and evolve in national as well as supranational and transnational constitutions. In the context of European constitutionalism, general imaginaries of common market, universal rights, and democratic power are thus accompanied by specific imaginaries of European integration through economic performativity, social engineering, legal pluralism, and political mobilization. These imaginaries show that political constitutions include a poietic societal force impossible to contain by autopoietic legal norms and political institutions.

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