scholarly journals Moral Deliberation and Desire Development: Herman on Alienation

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-308
Author(s):  
Donald Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Moral Deliberation ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Moral Requirements

In chapter nine of The Practice of Moral Judgment (1996b) and her later article ‘Making Room for Character’ (1996a), Barbara Herman offers a distinctive and interesting response to a set of concerns involving the idea that Kantian ethics objectionably alienates us from personal relationships and commitments. Broadly speaking, these concerns take one of two general forms: some accounts emphasize the practical marginalization of personal interests and relationships, arguing that the Kantian's open-ended commitment to impartial overriding moral requirements threatens to leave the agent little or no practical room for the sorts of relationships and commitments that we think of as important in (or essential to) a recognizably human life. A related but more formal variant emphasizes the internal perspective of the agent and the structure rather than the scope of moral commitment. On this account, the problem is said to lie in the requirement that we are only to act on reasons justifiable from an impersonal universalizing point of view and the way in which this requirement precludes the kind of partial and personal reasons for action said to be essential to individual agency and a sense of self.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

Tort’s Indifference: Conformity, Compliance, and Civil Recourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ahson Azmat
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Internal Point ◽  
Loss Allocation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Extensional Structure ◽  
Do So

AbstractLeading accounts of tort law split cleanly into two seams. Some trace its foundations to a deontic form of morality; others to an instrumental, policy-oriented system of efficient loss allocation. An increasingly prominent alternative to both seams, Civil Recourse Theory (CRT) resists this binary by arguing that tort comprises a basic legal category, and that its directives constitute reasons for action with robust normative force. Using the familiar question whether tort’s directives are guidance rules or liability rules as a lens, or prism, this essay shows how considerations of practical reasoning undermine one of CRT’s core commitments. If tort directives exert robust normative force, we must account for its grounds—for where it comes from, and why it obtains. CRT tries to do so by co-opting H.L.A. Hart’s notion of the internal point of view, but this leveraging strategy cannot succeed: while the internal point of view sees legal directives as guides to action, tort law merely demands conformity. To be guided by a directive is to comply with it, not conform to it, so tort’s structure blocks the shortcut to normativity CRT attempts to navigate. Given the fine-grained distinctions the theory makes, and with the connection between its claims and tort’s requirements thus severed, CRT faces a dilemma: it’s either unresponsive to tort’s normative grounds, or it’s inattentive to tort’s extensional structure.

PHILOSOPHY AND THE MEANING OF LIFE

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (60) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
William Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

The author sets out to respond to the student complaint that ‘Philosophy did not answer “the big questions”’, in particular the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ The response first outlines and evaluates the most common religious answer, that human life is given a meaning by God who created us and informs us that this life is just the pilgrim way to the next eternal life in heaven. He then discusses the response that, from the point of view of post-Darwinian science and the evolution of the universe and all that is in it, human life on Earth must be afforded no more meaning than the meaning we would give to a microscopic planaria or to some creature on another planet in a distant universe. All things including human creatures on Planet Earth just exist for a time and that is that. There is no plan or purpose. In the last sections the author outlines the view that it is we humans ourselves who give meaning to our lives by our choices of values or things that are worth pursuing and through our resulting sense of achievement or the opposite. Nevertheless the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ can mean quite different things in different contexts, and so merit different if related answers. From one point of view one answer may lie in terms of the love of one human for another.

Abortion and its consequences before and after legalization

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
G. Baksht
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

From a social point of view, the problem of abortion was and is, perhaps, more topical today than ever before. The comprehensive coverage of this problem, which involves the most intimate aspect of human life, social and domestic conditions, and ethical issues, can only be the product of the collective efforts of physicians, sociologists, and lawyers.

CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR FOR THE PERSONS OF ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE AS THE PROBLEM OF GERONTOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 600-606
Author(s):  
В. М. Волкова ◽  
Е. И. Скирмонт ◽  
Л. М. Смирнова ◽  
С. Б. Климашева ◽  
Е. Л. Зимина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Functional ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The World

По данным ВОЗ, за последнее столетие продолжительность жизни человека значительно увеличилась во всем мире, но этот процесс неизбежно сопровождается старением. Поэтому лица, достигшие пожилого и старческого возраста, нередко становятся немощными, особенно в физическом плане. В итоге, таким людям всё труднее даются движения, связанные с самообслуживанием и передвижением, при пользовании типовой одеждой и обувью. В процессе обследования 55 пациентов 60-87 лет, проведённого впервые с позиций медико-социальной реабилитации, получены данные о характере ограничений физических возможностей этого контингента людей, существенно осложняющих использование ими типовой одежды и обуви. Основной вывод работы заключается в актуальности разработки медико-технических требований, предъявляемых к проектированию и производству одежды и обуви специально для данной категории людей с учетом их измененных антропометрических параметров и характерных для них функциональных ограничений. According to the World Health Organization, human life expectancy has increased signifi cantly around the world over the past century, but this process is inevitably accompanied by aging. Therefore, persons who have reached the elderly and senile age often become infirm, especially physically. As a result, such people find it increasingly difficult to make movements related to self-service and movement when using standard clothing and shoes. In a study of 55 patients (from 60 to 87 years), conducted for the first time from the point of view of medical and social rehabilitation, data were obtained that reveal the nature of physical limitations of this group of people, which significantly complicate them use of standard clothing and shoes. The main conclusion of the work is the relevance of the development of medical and technical requirements for the design and production of clothing and footwear specifically for the elderly and senile taking into account their changed anthropometric parameters and their characteristic functional limitations.

scholarly journals Dignity, religion and freedom of expression in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus C.W. Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic

The issue that this article dealt with is whether, in South African law, speech that infringes upon the religious feelings of an individual is protected by the dignity clause in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The Constitution, as well as the Broadcasting Code, prohibits language that advocates hatred, inter alia, based on religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Dignity, which is a central Constitutional right, relates to the sense of self worth which a person has. A Court has held that religious feelings, national pride and language do not form part of dignity, for purposes of protection in law. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission has, similarly, decided that a point of view seriously derogatory of ‘Calvinistic people’ blaming (some of) them as being hypocritical and even acting criminally is not protected by dignity. It would have to be accompanied by the advocacy of hatred as defined previously. The author, however, pointed out that on occasion different facts might found a finding in law that religion is so closely connected to dignity, that it will indeed be regarded as part thereof.

Virtue, Mixed Emotions and Moral Ambivalence

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carr
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Emotional Conflict ◽  
Moral Ambivalence

AbstractAristotelian virtue ethics invests emotions and feelings with much moral significance. However, the moral and other conflicts that inevitably beset human life often give rise to states of emotional division and ambivalence with problematic implications for any understanding of virtue as complete psychic unity of character and conduct. For one thing, any admission that the virtuous are prey to conflicting passions and desires may seem to threaten the crucial virtue ethical distinction between the virtuous and the continent. One recent attempt to sustain this distinction – considered in this paper – maintains that the contrary-to-virtue emotions and desires of the virtuous (by contrast with those of the continent) must relinquish their motive power as reasons for action. Following some attention to the psychological status of feelings and emotions – in particular their complex relations with cognition and reason – this paper rejects this solution in favour of a more constructive view of emotional conflict.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF NARRATION IN NOTES FROM A DEAD HOUSE BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Tamara Batalova
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
The Dead

Within the framework of Pavel Medvedev’s sociological poetics, the article identifies and studies the features of the narrative in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from a Dead House, and examines the role of these features in expressing the key idea of this novel, namely the desire of convicts for freedom, for “resurrection from the dead”. From this point of view, the author examines the significance of the narrator’s duality (Goryanchikov and Goryanchikov-Dostoevsky) and the juxtaposition of the characters in the narrative (positive and negative). He also analyzes the compositional function of the XI chapter of the first part of Notes from a Dead House, “Presentation”, in the plot. The Christian faith plays the vital role in the expression of the essential idea of the work. An open-minded attitude to people, a friendly, Christian approach towards them is a distinctive feature of Goryanchikov-Dostoevsky and all the positive characters in the book. Inspired by the celebration of the Nativity of Christ, the convicts staged a theatrical performance, which alters the moral state of both the actors and the audience, fortifies their sense of self-esteem required to resist the prison orders that “deaden” people, and strengthens the prisoners’ desire for freedom, for “resurrection from the dead”. The article concludes that Notes from a Dead House is the beginning of aesthetic and artistic changes that manifested themselves in Dostoevsky’s post-prison works.

scholarly journals A Tutela do Animal Doméstico no Âmbito das Constituições Federais Brasileiras de 1824 a 1988

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Nilsen Aparecida Vieira Marcondes
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Objetiva-se discutir neste breve intróito retrospectivo de revisão de normatizações constitucionais pátrias a tutela do animal doméstico. Esta síntese reflexiva sobre a tutela do animal doméstico brasileiro no âmbito constitucional se apresenta quanto à forma de abordagem do assunto, como qualitativo, no que tange a modalidade investigativa como básico, do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, como descritivo, com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, qualifica-se como documental e bibliográfico. Conclui-se que os delineamentos, os limites, bem como os avanços na conquista da tutela animal e consequentemente do animal doméstico demonstram o quanto o reconhecimento de tal questão é socialmente construído. Além disso, a expansão, a solidificação e o desenvolvimento contínuo também da vida humana e da sociedade implicam necessariamente na preservação e na ampliação de acesso um direito fundamental nominalmente reconhecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado no qual se insere evidentemente a fauna, ou seja, os animais domésticos, domesticados, silvestres e exóticos. Palavras-chave: Animal Doméstico. Tutela. Constituições Federais. Brasil.  AbstractThe objective of this brief retrospective introjective review of constitutional norms is to discuss the protection of domestic animals. This reflexive synthesis about the protection of the Brazilian domestic animal in the constitutional scope presents itself as to the way of approaching the subject, as qualitative, in what refers to the research modality as basic, from the point of view of its objectives, as descriptive, with respect to the procedures technicians, qualifies as documentary and bibliographical. It is concluded that the delineations, the limits, as well as the advances in the conquest of the animal guardianship and consequently of the domestic animal demonstrate how much the recognition of such question is socially constructed. In addition, the expansion, solidification and continuous development of human life and society necessarily imply the preservation and expansion of access to a fundamental right nominally recognized by the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a right to an environmentally balanced environment in which the animal, domesticated, wild and exotic animals. Keywords: Domestic Animals. Guardianship. Federal Constitutions. Brasil.

scholarly journals Entre La Creación Y La Crí­tica Literaria. Letras De Alfonso Reyes Y Martí­n Luis Guzmán

Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Lincoln Strange Reséndiz
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Alfonso Reyes ◽  
Personal Interests

  ¡Pobre hombre de Dios! El mundo está necesitado de realidades externas, objetivas, vulgares, y Usted a través del zodiaco de sus cartas actuales se me esfuma en radiosas visiones de poetas o se me rompe en un fracaso de cristales… CARTA DE REYES A GUZMÁN, 1914. Resumen El presente artí­culo analiza la crí­tica literaria contenida en la correspondencia que mantuvieron los Ateneí­stas Alfonso Reyes y Martí­n Luis Guzmán, a partir de 1913 y hasta 1959. Dichas cartas exponen el punto de vista de ambos autores sobre la configuración de la obra propia y la ajena. La correspondencia dibuja un panorama de la relación í­ntima entre Reyes y Guzmán, que se vio afectada desde un momento temprano en la vida de ambos, debido al estallido de la Revolución Mexicana y a partir de la Decena trágica, en la que fallece Bernardo Reyes. El resultado de sus intereses personales se manifiesta en estas cartas; Reyes se muestra como autor cosmopolita y Guzmán como un narrador con profundas preocupaciones polí­ticas. Palabras clave: Literatura, crí­tica, correspondencia, Reyes, Guzmán. Abstract   This article analyzes the literary criticism that exists in the letters written by Alfonso Reyes and Martin Luis Guzman, from 1913 and until 1959. These letters outlined the point of view of both authors on setting their own work and that of others. The correspondence paints a picture of the intimate relationship between Reyes and Guzman, who were affected from an early stage in the life of both, due to the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution and from La Decena trágica, in which Bernardo Reyes dies. The results of their personal interests are manifested in those letters; Reyes is seen as a cosmopolitan author and Guzman as a writer with deep political concerns.   Keywords: Literature, criticism, correspondence, Reyes, Guzmán.

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