scholarly journals Perineurial-like Cells and EMA Expression in the Suprachoroidal Region of the Human Eye

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Gilbert ◽  
Patricia Chévez-Barrios ◽  
Matthew D. Cykowski
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perineurial Cells

The suprachoroidal region of the eye comprises vascular channels, melanocytes, and thin fibroblasts with elongated cytoplasm that are positioned directly adjacent to the densely collagenous sclera. Morphological similarities between these suprachoroidal fibroblasts and arachnoid cells and perineurial cells have been recognized, but whether these fibroblasts have a perineurial cell-like immunophenotype is not known. To further examine the relationship of these three cell types, we investigated the comparative expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), the tight junction protein claudin-1, glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1), and CD34 in suprachoroidal fibroblasts, arachnoid of the optic nerve sheath, and perineurium of ciliary nerves in eight human eye specimens. Granular, diffuse, and cytoplasmic EMA expression was seen in suprachoroidal fibroblasts, but this was not contiguous with the similar pattern of EMA expression in adjacent perineurium and arachnoid. CD34 expression in suprachoroidal fibroblasts was also seen, similar to arachnoid and perineurium. Claudin-1 and Glut-1 were not consistently expressed in suprachoroidal fibroblasts, distinguishing them from perineurial cells in particular and suggesting that these fibroblasts do not arise directly from adjacent arachnoid or perineurium. Nonetheless, the overlapping morphology and protein expression suggest phenotypic similarities in these cells that protect and support adjacent retina, optic nerve, and peripheral nerve.

scholarly journals Astrocytes are necessary for blood-brain barrier maintenance in the adult mouse brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Heithoff ◽  
Kijana K. George ◽  
Aubrey N. Phares ◽  
Ivan A. Zuidhoek ◽  
Carmen Munoz-Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn the adult brain, multiple cell types are known to produce factors that regulate blood-brain barrier properties, including astrocytes. Yet several recent studies disputed a role for mature astrocytes at the blood-brain barrier. To determine if astrocytes contribute a non-redundant and necessary function in maintaining the adult blood-brain barrier, we used a mouse model of tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte ablation. In adult mice, tamoxifen induction caused sparse apoptotic astrocyte cell death within 2 hours. Indicative of BBB damage, leakage of the small molecule Cadaverine and the large plasma protein fibrinogen into the brain parenchyma indicative of BBB damage was detected as early as astrocyte ablation was present. Vessels within and close to regions of astrocyte loss had lower expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 while endothelial glucose transporter 1 expression was undisturbed. Cadaverine leakage persisted for several weeks suggesting a lack of barrier repair. This is consistent with the finding that ablated astrocytes were not replaced. Adjacent astrocytes responded with partial non-proliferative astrogliosis, characterized by morphological changes and delayed phosphorylation of STAT3, which restricted dye leakage to the brain and vessel surface areas lacking coverage by astrocytes one month after ablation. In conclusion, astrocytes are necessary to maintain blood-brain barrier integrity in the adult brain. Blood-brain barrier-regulating factors secreted by other cell types, such as pericytes, are not sufficient to compensate for astrocyte loss.Main PointsMature astrocytes are necessary for maintenance of endothelial tight junctions in the adult brain. Ablated astrocytes are not replaced by proliferation or process extension of neighboring astrocytes resulting in long-term blood-brain barrier damage.

Differential glycolytic and glycogenogenic transduction pathways in male and female bovine embryos produced in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia-Herreros ◽  
I. M. Aparicio ◽  
D. Rath ◽  
T. Fair ◽  
P. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glut 1

Previous studies have shown that developmental kinetic rates following IVF are lower in female than in male blastocysts and that this may be related to differences in glucose metabolism. In addition, an inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibits glucose uptake in murine blastocysts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and compare the expression of proteins involved in glucose metabolism (hexokinase-I, HK-I; phosphofructokinase-1, PFK-1; pyruvate kinase1/2, PK1/2; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH; glucose transporter-1, GLUT-1; and glycogen synthase kinase-3, GSK-3) in male and female bovine blastocysts to determine whether PI3-K has a role in the regulation of the expression of these proteins. Hexokinase-I, PFK-1, PK1/2, GAPDH and GLUT-1 were present in bovine embryos. Protein expression of these proteins and GSK-3 was significantly higher in male compared with female blastocysts. Inhibition of PI3-K with LY294002 significantly decreased the expression of HK-I, PFK-1, GAPDH, GSK-3 A/B and GLUT-1. Results showed that the expression of glycolytic proteins HK-I, PFK-1, GAPDH and PK1/2, and the transporters GLUT-1 and GSK-3 is regulated by PI3-K in bovine blastocysts. Moreover, the differential protein expression observed between male and female blastocysts might explain the faster developmental kinetics seen in males, as the expression of main proteins involved in glycolysis and glycogenogenesis was significantly higher in male than female bovine embryos and also could explain the sensitivity of male embryos to a high concentration of glucose, as a positive correlation between GLUT-1 expression and glucose uptake in embryos has been demonstrated.

Endoscopic anatomy of the sphenoid sinus

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Elwany ◽  
Ibraheim Elsaeid ◽  
Hossam Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Endoscopic Anatomy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

AbstractThe anatomy of the sphenoid sinus, as it relates to endoscopic sinus surgery, was studied in 93 cadaver heads (186 sphenoid sinuses) using endoscopic dissections as well as sagittal sections. The relationship of the sphenoid sinuses to the carotid artery, optic nerve, floor of sella turcica, as well as other important structures, were verified and discussed. The recesses of the sinus as well as its ostium and accessory septa and crests were described and their clinical importance was discussed. Pertinent measurements were included wherever appropriate.

The Adventures of the Optic Nerve

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Elderfield
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Art History ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents the text of a lecture on the role of visual medium in art-historical study. It addresses the relationship of art history to the existential acts of painting and looking at painting and describes how the so-called story of modern art has been narrated in the history literature. It also considers how modern histories can accommodate the unfamiliar that is normally part of the story.

scholarly journals Diabetic cardiomyopathy: factual or factoid?

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Thiago Quinaglia ◽  
Daniela C. Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Matos-Souza ◽  
Andrei C. Sposito
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY Although long ago described, there is no established consensus regarding the real existence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (CMPDM). Due to its complex pathophysiology, it has been difficult for clinical and experimental research to establish clear connections between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), as well as to solve the mechanisms of the underlying myocardial disease. However, the epidemiological evidence of the relationship of these conditions is undisputed. The interest in understanding this disease has intensified due to the recent results of clinical trials evaluating new glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2, which demonstrated favorable responses considering the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with DM. In this review we cover aspects of the epidemiology of CMPDM and its possible pathogenic mechanisms, as well as, present the main cardiac phenotypes of CMPDM (HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) and implications of the therapeutic management of this disease.

Optic neuritis and paranasal sinus diseases

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čelakovský ◽  
J. Vokurka ◽  
L. Školoudík ◽  
J. Růžička
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Diseases ◽  
Immediate Surgery ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of sinusitis and paranasal sinus mucoceles to optic neuritis (ON) remains a challenge for both the otolaryngologist and the ophthalmologist. Currently, ON is assumed to be a rare complication of paranasal sinus diseases. Three new cases of ON associated with paranasal sinus diseases are described. We postulate different pathophysiologic mechanisms of ON in our three patients: compression of optic nerve due to sphenoid mucocele in the first patient; extension of bacterial infection to the optic nerve in the second patient; and invasion of aspergillosis to the orbital apex in the third patient. We assume that the complete recovery of the patient’s vision in the second case resulted from surgery, which had been performed immediately. A timely operation could possibly have prevented permanent blindness in cases 1 and 3 as well. Optic neuritis can occasionally be a complication of bacterial and mycotic sinusitis or paranasal sinus mucoceles, especially if located in the sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoids. The evaluation of paranasal sinuses using imaging techniques is necessary to diagnose the problem, and immediate surgery can prevent permanent sequelae in indicated cases.

Overexpression of Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) Predicts Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbyoul Cho ◽  
You Sun Lee ◽  
Julie Kim ◽  
Joon-Yong Chung ◽  
Jae-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glut 1
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document