Endophyte Microbiome Diversity in Micropropagated Atriplex canescens and Atriplex torreyi var griffithsii

Conventional taxonomy is limited with delineating species and controversies arise with DNA barcoding based identifications. Hence, an alternative supporting approach is very much needed to identify species and differentiate them within the species based on the genetic material. 18S rRNA genes have been particularly helpful in analyzing phylogeny at the species level. In addition, bioinformatics which represents a new, growing area of science uses computational approaches to answer biological questions. Salt tolerant costal salt marsh plant of Suaeda maritima was selected for 18s rRNA sequencing to solve the ambiguity in itsspecies level identification. Similarity search of study species shared 99% similarity with 5 species of Atriplex canescens clone s128, Atriplex torreyi var. griffithsii clone p508, Spinacia oleracea, Oenothera laciniata clone,Beta vulgaris. Phylogenetic tree infer that S.maritima is closely related to Spinacia oleracea and Oenothera laciniata. Atriplex canescens (fourwing saltbush), Atriplex torreyi and Phaulothamnus spinescens, Celosia argentea found to be closely related and are in one group. Hence, this study result clearly shows thus study species evaluated from angiosperm and provides key step in understanding the evolution of salt tolerance in angiosperm.

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0268 - Virome diversity reflects microbiome diversity in monozygotic twins

10.26226/morressier.5b5199beb1b87b000ecf0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Moreno-Gallego ◽

Ruth Ley

Keyword(s):

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Microbiome Diversity

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sinus microbiome diversity depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum enrichment mediates rhinosinusitis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717963943.793465755 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Robert C Kern ◽

Akaber Halawi

Keyword(s):

Microbiome Diversity

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Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01741-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Travis T. Sims ◽

Molly B. El Alam ◽

Tatiana V. Karpinets ◽

Stephanie Dorta-Estremera ◽

Venkatesh L. Hegde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Compositional Variation ◽

Short Term ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Term Survivor

AbstractDiversity of the gut microbiome is associated with higher response rates for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy but has not been investigated in patients receiving radiation therapy. Additionally, current studies investigating the gut microbiome and outcomes in cancer patients may not have adjusted for established risk factors. Here, we sought to determine if diversity and composition of the gut microbiome was independently associated with survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation. Our study demonstrates that the diversity of gut microbiota is associated with a favorable response to chemoradiation. Additionally, compositional variation among patients correlated with short term and long-term survival. Short term survivor fecal samples were significantly enriched in Porphyromonas, Porphyromonadaceae, and Dialister, whereas long term survivor samples were significantly enriched in Escherichia Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterobacteriales. Moreover, analysis of immune cells from cervical tumor brush samples by flow cytometry revealed that patients with a high microbiome diversity had increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes as well as activated subsets of CD4 cells expressing ki67+ and CD69+ over the course of radiation therapy. Modulation of the gut microbiota before chemoradiation might provide an alternative way to enhance treatment efficacy and improve treatment outcomes in cervical cancer patients.

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Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK140944)

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02245-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Nuzzo ◽

Stephanie Van Horn ◽

Christopher Traini ◽

Caroline R. Perry ◽

Etienne F. Dumont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Time Points ◽

Pharyngeal Cavity ◽

Adult Females ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Antibiotic Drug ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background With increasing concerns about the impact of frequent antibiotic usage on the human microbiome, it is important to characterize the potential for such effects in early antibiotic drug development clinical trials. In a randomised Phase 2a clinical trial study that evaluated the pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of gepotidacin, a first-in-chemical-class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic with a distinct mechanism of action, in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections for gepotidacin (GSK2140944) we evaluated the potential changes in microbiome composition across multiple time points and body-sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03568942). Results Samples of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), pharyngeal cavity and vaginal microbiota were collected with consent from 22 patients at three time points relative to the gepotidacin dosing regimen; Day 1 (pre-dose), Day 5 (end of dosing) and Follow-up (Day 28 ± 3 days). Microbiota composition was determined by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene variable region 4 amplicons. By Day 5, significant changes were observed in the microbiome diversity relative to pre-dose across the tested body-sites. However, by the Follow-up visit, microbiome diversity changes were reverted to compositions comparable to Day 1. The greatest range of microbiome changes by body-site were GIT followed by the pharyngeal cavity then vagina. In Follow-up visit samples we found no statistically significant occurrences of pathogenic taxa. Conclusion Our findings suggest that gepotidacin alteration of the human microbiome after 5 days of dosing is temporary and rebound to pre-dosing states is evident within the first month post-treatment. We recommend that future antibiotic drug trials include similar exploratory investigations into the duration and context of microbiome modification and recovery. Trial registration NCT03568942. Registered 26 June 2018.

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Gut microbiome responses to dietary intake of grain-based fibers with the potential to modulate markers of metabolic disease: a systematic literature review

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa128 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Georgina M Williams ◽

Linda C Tapsell ◽

Claire L O’Brien ◽

Susan M Tosh ◽

Eden M Barrett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Acid Production ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Cereal Fiber ◽

Dietary Data

Abstract Context Cereal fiber modulates the gut microbiome and benefits metabolic health. The potential link between these effects is of interest.0 Objective The aim for this systematic review was to assess evidence surrounding the influence of cereal fiber intake on microbiome composition, microbiome diversity, short-chain fatty acid production, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Data Sources and Extraction The MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically, and quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Evidence relating to study design, dietary data collection, and outcomes was qualitatively synthesized on the basis of fiber type. Data Analysis Forty-six primary publications and 2 secondary analyses were included. Cereal fiber modulated the microbiome in most studies; however, taxonomic changes indicated high heterogeneity. Short-chain fatty acid production, microbiome diversity, and metabolic-related outcomes varied and did not always occur in parallel with microbiome changes. Poor dietary data were a further limitation. Conclusions Cereal fiber may modulate the gut microbiome; however, evidence of the link between this and metabolic outcomes is limited. Additional research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018107117

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The Microbiome as a Therapy in Pouchitis and Ulcerative Colitis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1780

Author(s):

Jean-Frédéric LeBlanc ◽

Jonathan P. Segal ◽

Lucia Maria de Campos Braz ◽

Ailsa L. Hart

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Faecal Microbiota ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Landscape ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The gut microbiome has been implicated in a range of diseases and there is a rapidly growing understanding of this ecosystem’s importance in inflammatory bowel disease. We are yet to identify a single microbe that causes either ulcerative colitis (UC) or pouchitis, however, reduced microbiome diversity is increasingly recognised in active UC. Manipulating the gut microbiome through dietary interventions, prebiotic and probiotic compounds and faecal microbiota transplantation may expand the therapeutic landscape in UC. Specific diets, such as the Mediterranean diet or diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, may reduce intestinal inflammation or potentially reduce the risk of incident UC. This review summarises our knowledge of gut microbiome therapies in UC and pouchitis.

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Direct supplementation with Urolithin A overcomes limitations of dietary exposure and gut microbiome variability in healthy adults to achieve consistent levels across the population

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-021-00950-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anurag Singh ◽

Davide D’Amico ◽

Pénélope A. Andreux ◽

Gillian Dunngalvin ◽

Timo Kern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Food Product ◽

Pomegranate Juice ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Natural Exposure ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Urolithin A

Abstract Background Urolithin A (UA) is produced by gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins. UA has been shown to improve mitochondrial health preclinically and in humans. Not everyone has a microbiome capable of producing UA, making supplementation with UA an appealing strategy. Objective This is the first detailed investigation of the prevalence of UA producers in a healthy population and the ability of direct UA supplementation to overcome both microbiome and dietary variability. Dietary intake of a glass of pomegranate juice (PJ) was used to assess UA producer status (n = 100 participants) and to characterize differences in gut microbiome between UA producers from non-producers. Methods Subjects were randomized (1:1) to either PJ or a food product containing UA (500 mg). Prevalence of UA producers and non-producers were determined in the PJ group. Diet questionnaires and fecal samples were collected to compare differences between UA producers and non-producers along with plasma samples at different time points to assess levels of UA and its conjugates between the interventions. Results Only 12% of subjects had detectable levels of UA at baseline. Following PJ intake ~40% of the subjects converted significantly the precursor compounds into UA. UA producers were distinguished by a significantly higher gut microbiome diversity and ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides. Direct supplementation with UA significantly increased plasma levels and provided a >6-fold exposure to UA vs. PJ (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Differences in gut microbiome and diet that dictate natural exposure to UA can be overcome via direct dietary UA supplementation.

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