Double burden of malnutrition and obesity in children and adolescents from North Korean refugee families

This study assessed the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean refugee (NKR) families who have settled and are living in South Korea (SK). Among the 547 individuals who participated in the study, 526 were ultimately included after excluding 21 with missing height or weight data. Their nutritional status was estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents. Stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity were defined as a height-for-age z-score < −2.0, weight-for-age z-score < −2.0, weight-for-height z-score < −2.0, and body mass index z-score > 2.0, respectively. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity was 7.0%, 6.8%, 5.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity was 5.4%, 7.0%, 7.6%, and 10.3% for individuals settled in SK for <5 years and 6.1%, 6.1%, 0.0%, and 13.3% for those living in SK for ≥5 years, respectively. Therefore, children and adolescents from NKR families experience the double burden of malnutrition and obesity.

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Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families

JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH ◽

10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.2.96 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Seong-Woo Choi

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

South Korea ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Growth Chart ◽

North Korean Refugee ◽

Refugee Families ◽

Z Scores ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Height For Age ◽

Weight For Age

Purpose: This study assessed the growth and nutritional status of children in North Korean (NK) refugee families.Methods: This study examined 301 children in NK refugee families. Their growth and nutritional status were estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents. Stunting, being underweight, and wasting were defined as height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z -scores < –2.0, respectively.Results: The overall prevalences of stunting, being underweight, and wasting were 7.6%, 5.6%, and 5.0%, respectively. In children living in South Korea for <5 years, the prevalences of stunting, being underweight, and wasting were 10.3%, 8.6%, and 3.4%, respectively, compared to 7.9%, 7.9%, and 0.0% for those living in South Korea for ≥5 years. The prevalences of WAZ and WHZ > 2.0 were 5.0% and 11.0%, respectively.Conclusion: Children in NK refugee families still suffer serious malnutrition after settling in South Korea, although being overweight is emerging as a new problem.

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Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan

Global Economics Review ◽

10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (III) ◽

pp. 97-117

Author(s):

Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Maryam Ghafoor

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Z Score ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Household Poverty ◽

Per Capita ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Child Nutritional Status ◽

The Impact ◽

Height For Age

This study measures the impact of household poverty on women fertility and the nutritional status of children. In this study, the poverty level is computed by the per capita income, while women fertility is measured by the number of children in a household. The Height- for-age Z-score (HAZ) method has been used to measure the nutritional status of children. A survey has been conducted to collect household data. The study uses the OLS method and finds that household poverty is positively correlated to women fertility rate but negatively related to the nutritional status of children. The study has suggested various policies measures for poverty, women fertility and the nutritional status of children.

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STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS KESEHATAN SUKU BADUY

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2009.4.2.72-82 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Faisal Anwar ◽

Hadi Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Food System ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Z Score ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Double Burden ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Child Nutritional Status ◽

Depth Interviews

The objectives of the study were: (1) To analyze the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of Baduy people; (2) To analyze the health status and nutritional status of Baduy people and its influential factors. This research is an explorative and descriptive study on the socio-cultural aspects of food system. The data were collected through a direct interview and discussion with respondents as well as a direct observation at the location of respondents. A sample size of 338 households was drawn from the population. To obtain the data on the cultural aspects, history and socio aspect of food, in-depth interviews was conducted with 19 key persons. The study was last for 12 months. In Outer Baduy, the factors significantly related to nutritional status are age, number of household size, income, nutritional knowledge, and wife’s ability to read. In Moslem Baduy, only age and income are related to the nutritional status of children. In Moslem Baduy and the Outer Baduy, the correlation between age and W/A or W/H is similar: namely, the higher the age, the lower would the Z-score for the W/A or W/H. The income is significantly correlated to the child nutritional status according to Z-score for W/A with a high correlation coefficient, that is, 0.61. This means that the higher the income, the higher would be the Z-score value for the W/A. The distribution of adults according to BMI classification in Outer Baduy it shows that 12.7% husbands and 17.6% wives are thin (wasted), while the overweight prevalence of the husbands is 2.4% and the wives 8.6%. This shows that Baduy women suffer from double nutrition problems (double burden). When the survey was carried out, 2.7% women were pregnant and still breastfeeding, the rest was neither pregnant nor breastfeeding.

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Perilaku orang tua dalam pemberian makan dan status gizi anak usia 2-5 tahun

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.19281 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Ni Luh Agustini Purnama ◽

Lely Lusmilasari ◽

Madarina Julia

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Z Score ◽

Double Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Data ◽

Control Body ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Catholic Hospital

Background: The issue of child nutrition is still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Nowadays, there is double burden related to child nutrition, due to lack of nutrition that has not been resolved and at the same time, there is an increasing problem of excess nutrients. Parents are responsible for the care of children, including fulfilling a balanced nutritional intake.Objective: To identify the relationship between parent’s behavior in feeding and nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years.Method: Design used in this study was observational with the cross-sectional study was conducted 153 parents with children aged 2-5 years who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the region of Integrated Health Center Catholic Hospital St. Vincentius a Paulo Surabaya. Parent’s behavior in feeding was assessed using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) which consists of 49 questions and 12 behavioral aspects. The nutritional status of children assessed by weight indicator according to height (weight/height) were compared with z-score WHO 2006 standard. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation.Results: The average nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years based on the weight/height z-score indicator was 0.17 indicating that is in normal condition. Parent’s behavior that involves children in the planning and preparation of meals, positively associated with nutritional status of children in all conditions of nutritional status of children who are very thin to obese (ρ=0.43; p=0.001). Pressure, when children eat, was negatively associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years in normal nutritional status to obese (ρ=-0.34; p=0.001). Restriction of food intake to control body weight was positively associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years in all conditions of nutritional status of children who are very thin to obese (ρ=0.29; p=0.001).Conclusion: Parent’s behavior in feeding the children associated with nutritional status of children aged 2-5 years.

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Assessment of nutritional status of adolescent school going boys of Himachal Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 4960

Author(s):

Neetu S. Pathania ◽

Rajib Biswas

Keyword(s):

Indian Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Himachal Pradesh ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Age Group ◽

Z Score ◽

Double Burden ◽

Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽

Height For Age

Background: Given the paucity of data on the nutritional standard of the Himachali children, the present study was conducted to assess the physical growth and malnutrition of adolescent school-going boys of Himachal Pradesh within the age group of 15-17 years.Methods: Boys were selected from both government and private schools of the non- hilly regions of Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. Height, weight, and BMI were determined. Stunting was evaluated from height-for-age Z-score, and thinness, overweight, and obesity were estimated from BMI-for-age Z-score using the WHO recommended cut-off values.Results: Mean height varied between 167.2 to 168.7 cm. Weight varied between 52.4 to 56.1 kg with a corresponding BMI between 18.7 to 19.7 kg/m2.The overall prevalence of stunting and wasting were 5.7% and 15.8% respectively. The coexistence of stunting and wasting was not found in any of the age groups. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 5.4% and 1.7% respectively.Conclusions: Himachali boys appeared to be taller than most of the Indian population of boys of similar age groups. Prevalence of the different categories of over nutrition and undernutrition were also lower as compared to that obtained for other Indian studies on adolescent boys. The existence of overweight and obese individuals points towards the double burden of malnutrition.

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Child-Sensitive WASH Composite Score and the Nutritional Status in Cambodian Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giulia Manzoni ◽

Arnaud Laillou ◽

Chea Samnang ◽

Rathmony Hong ◽

Frank T. Wieringa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Composite Score ◽

Z Score ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Direct Association ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽

Height For Age

Progress in health has occurred in the past decades in Cambodia, in terms of health service access and interventions, but several indicators, including the prevalence of malnourished children, remain alarming. The causes of undernutrition are often linked to inadequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene services but limited evidence exists on the direct association between poor WASH practices and children’s’ nutritional statuses. This study investigates the relationship between water, sanitation and hygiene practices, defined as the child-sensitive composite score, and the nutritional status of children under five years old, measured as the weight-for-height z-score, mid-upper arm circumference or height-for-age z-score in six districts of Cambodia. The analysis used data from a longitudinal study, comprising extensive data collection on anthropometry, health, nutrition, WASH, and cognitive development. Chronological trends in wasting and stunting were described cross-sectionally, whereas the effect of WASH practices on the nutritional status of children over up to three consecutive study visits was examined with a linear mixed-effects model. The prevalence of wasting decreased during the study while stunting prevalence increased. A small, but significant, association was found between the WASH child-sensitive composite scores and the wasting child anthropometry indicators: weight-for-height z-score or mid-upper arm circumference. Evidence for an association with height-for-age z-score, detecting stunted children, was found when the independent variable was quantified according to global, but not national, guidelines. This study reinforces discordant existing evidence towards a direct association between WASH practices and children’s nutritional status, suggesting the need to align nutrition and WASH programmes.

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Impact of Bolsa Família Program on the nutritional status of children and adolescents from two Brazilian regions

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000400007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 477-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naiara SPERANDIO ◽

Cristiana Tristão RODRIGUES ◽

Sylvia do Carmo Castro FRANCESCHINI ◽

Silvia Eloiza PRIORE

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Impact Measurement ◽

Measurement Analysis ◽

Bolsa Familia ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess and compare the impact of the Bolsa Família Program (Family Allowance) on the nutritional status of children and adolescents from the Brazilian Northeastern and Southeastern regions. Methods: The study used data from a database derived from a subsample of the Family Budget Survey conducted from 2008 to 2009. The ratios of underweight, stunted, and overweight children were calculated. Impact measurement analysis was preceded by propensity score matching, which matches beneficiary and non-beneficiary families in relation to a set of socioeconomic features. The nearest-neighbor matching algorithm estimated the program impact. Results: The ratio of underweight children and adolescents was, on average, 1.1% smaller in the beneficiary families than in the non-beneficiary families in the Northeastern region. As for the Southeastern region, the ratio of overweight children and adolescents was, on average, 4.2% smaller in the beneficiary families. The program did not affect stunting in either region. Conclusion: The results showed the positive impact and good focus of the program. Thus, once linked to structural actions, the program may help to improve the nutritional status and quality of life of its beneficiaries.

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Growth and nutritional status of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia

The Egyptian Journal of Haematology ◽

10.4103/ejh.ejh_15_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

MeaadK Hassan ◽

RaadS Fadhil ◽

LamiaM Al-Naama

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anemia ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

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Nutritional status of children and adolescents with cancer in Scotland: A prospective cohort study

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 96-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raquel Revuelta Iniesta ◽

Ilenia Paciarotti ◽

Isobel Davidson ◽

Jane M. McKenzie ◽

Mark F.H. Brougham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

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FOOD INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 352-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deise Cristina Oliva CARAMICO-FAVERO ◽

Zelita Caldeira Ferreira GUEDES ◽

Mauro Batista de MORAIS

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Food Intake ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Z Score ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Height For Age ◽

Weight For Age

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy may be associated with comorbidities such as undernutrition, impaired growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children with cerebral palsy exhibit eating problems due to the effect on the anatomical and functional structures involved in the eating function resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food intake, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 40 children with cerebral palsy (35 with spastic tetraparetic form and 5 with non-spastic choreoathetoid form of cerebral palsy, all requiring wheelchairs or bedridden) aged from 4 to 10 years. The dietary assessment with the parents was performed using the usual household food intake inquiry. Anthropometric data were collected. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with deglutition disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation were also recorded. RESULTS: The median of height-for-age Z-score (-4.05) was lower (P<0.05) than the median of weight-for-age (-3.29) and weight-for-height (-0.94). There was no statistical difference between weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Three patients with cerebral palsy (7.5%) exhibited mild anemia, with normal ferritin levels in two. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation were found in 82.5% (n=33), 40.0% (n=16), and 60.0% (n=24) of the sample, respectively. The patients with symptoms of dysphagia exhibited lower daily energy (1280.2±454.8 Kcal vs 1890.3±847.1 Kcal, P=0.009), carbohydrate (median: 170.9 g vs 234.5 g, P=0.023) and fluid intake (483.1±294.9 mL vs 992.9±292.2 mL, P=0.001). The patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux exhibited greater daily fluid intake (720.0±362.9 mL) than the patients without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (483.7±320.0 mL, P=0.042) and a greater height-for-age deficit (Z-score: -4.9±1.7 vs 3.7±1.5, P=0.033). The patients with symptoms of constipation exhibited lower daily dietary fiber (9.2±4.3 g vs 12.3±4.3 g, P=0.031) and fluid (456.5±283.1 mL vs 741.1±379.2 mL, P=0.013) intake. CONCLUSION: Children with cerebral palsy exhibited wide variability in food intake which may partially account for their severe impaired growth and malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation are associated with different food intake patterns. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be tailored considering the gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status.

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