scholarly journals Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242718
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Gardiner ◽  
Daniel Lee ◽  
Erica Baranski ◽  
David Funder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpersonal Aspect ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Interdependent Happiness

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

scholarly journals Mushrooms and Truffles: Historical Biofactories for Complementary Medicine in Africa and in the Middle East

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham El Enshasy ◽  
Elsayed A. Elsayed ◽  
Ramlan Aziz ◽  
Mohamad A. Wadaan
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Available Information

The ethnopharmaceutical approach is important for the discovery and development of natural product research and requires a deep understanding not only of biometabolites discovery and profiling but also of cultural and social science. For millennia, epigeous macrofungi (mushrooms) and hypogeous macrofungi (truffles) were considered as precious food in many cultures based on their high nutritional value and characterized pleasant aroma. In African and Middle Eastern cultures, macrofungi have long history as high nutritional food and were widely applied in folk medicine. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available information related to the nutritional and medicinal value of African and Middle Eastern macrofungi and to highlight their application in complementary folk medicine in this part of the world.

scholarly journals Happiness and Wellbeing Co-existence in Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Atika Salman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Organizational Productivity ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
Unit Increase

<p>Wellbeing and happiness relationship was studied in the present work to establish that hedonic and eudaimonic domains co-exist among the workers, those were working in two factories of an aeronautical complex. This was conducted to check established propositions related with cross cultural populations. Two almost identical groups of participants consisting of 61 subjects including 50 males and 11 females were tested. These participants were working in two separate factories in an aeronautical complex. Randomized group design was implied. Subjective well-being (SWB) by (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) and Subjective Happiness Scale by (Lyubornisky, Dickerhoof, Boehm and Sheldon, 2011) was administered to test the propositions. SPSS regression model was implied, happiness found to be explainable by wellbeing F(1,59) = 7.86, p < .005, R2 = 0.118 moreover, wellbeing significantly predicted happiness, B = -0.333, t(59) = -2.804, p = .007., based on the sample, a one-unit increase in wellbeing found leading to a 0.333 unit decrease in happiness. The study provided useful information about the co-existence of wellbeing and happiness providing useful information about human factor and organizational productivity.</p>

scholarly journals Happiness and Wellbeing Co-existence in Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Atika Salman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Organizational Productivity ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
Unit Increase

<p>Wellbeing and happiness relationship was studied in the present work to establish that hedonic and eudaimonic domains co-exist among the workers, those were working in two factories of an aeronautical complex. This was conducted to check established propositions related with cross cultural populations. Two almost identical groups of participants consisting of 61 subjects including 50 males and 11 females were tested. These participants were working in two separate factories in an aeronautical complex. Randomized group design was implied. Subjective well-being (SWB) by (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) and Subjective Happiness Scale by (Lyubornisky, Dickerhoof, Boehm and Sheldon, 2011) was administered to test the propositions. SPSS regression model was implied, happiness found to be explainable by wellbeing F(1,59) = 7.86, p < .005, R2 = 0.118 moreover, wellbeing significantly predicted happiness, B = -0.333, t(59) = -2.804, p = .007., based on the sample, a one-unit increase in wellbeing found leading to a 0.333 unit decrease in happiness. The study provided useful information about the co-existence of wellbeing and happiness providing useful information about human factor and organizational productivity.</p>

Measurement Invariance of a Universal Behavioral Screener Across Samples From the USA and Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Casale ◽  
Robert J. Volpe ◽  
Brian Daniels ◽  
Thomas Hennemann ◽  
Amy M. Briesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Universal Screener ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. The current study examines the item and scalar equivalence of an abbreviated school-based universal screener that was cross-culturally translated and adapted from English into German. The instrument was designed to assess student behavior problems that impact classroom learning. Participants were 1,346 K-6 grade students from the US (n = 390, Mage = 9.23, 38.5% female) and Germany (n = 956, Mage = 8.04, 40.1% female). Measurement invariance was tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) across students from the US and Germany. Results support full scalar invariance between students from the US and Germany (df = 266, χ2 = 790.141, Δχ2 = 6.9, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, ΔCFI = 0.000, RMSEA = 0.052, ΔRMSEA = −0.003) indicating that the factor structure, the factor loadings, and the item thresholds are comparable across samples. This finding implies that a full cross-cultural comparison including latent factor means and structural coefficients between the US and the German version of the abbreviated screener is possible. Therefore, the tool can be used in German schools as well as for cross-cultural research purposes between the US and Germany.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

Book Reviews

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Janet Klein ◽  
David Romano ◽  
Michael M. Gunter ◽  
Joost Jongerden ◽  
Atakan İnce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Oxford University Press

Uğur Ümit Üngör, The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, 352 pp. (ISBN: 9780199603602).Mohammed M. A. Ahmed, Iraqi Kurds and Nation-Building. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 294 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-137-03407-6), (paper). Ofra Bengio, The Kurds of Iraq: Building a State within a State. Boulder, CO and London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2012, xiv + 346 pp., (ISBN 978-1-58826-836-5), (hardcover). Cengiz Gunes, The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey, from Protest to Resistance, London: Routledge, 2012, 256 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415—68047-9). Aygen, Gülşat, Kurmanjî Kurdish. Languages of the World/Materials 468, München: Lincom Europa, 2007, 92 pp., (ISBN: 9783895860706), (paper).Barzoo Eliassi, Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden: Quest for Belonging among Middle Eastern Youth, Oxford: New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 234 pp. (ISBN: 9781137282071).

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