scholarly journals Highways to happiness for autistic adults? Perceived causal relations among clinicians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243298
Author(s):  
Marie K. Deserno ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
Sander Begeer ◽  
Riet van Bork ◽  
Max Hinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Client Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The network approach to psychological phenomena advances our understanding of the interrelations between autism and well-being. We use the Perceived Causal Relations methodology in order to (i) identify perceived causal pathways in the well-being system, (ii) validate networks based on self-report data, and (iii) quantify and integrate clinical expertise in autism research. Trained clinicians served as raters (N = 29) completing 374 cause-effects ratings of 34 variables on well-being and symptomatology. A subgroup (N = 16) of raters chose intervention targets in the resulting network which we found to match the respective centrality of nodes. Clinicians’ perception of causal relations was similar to the interrelatedness found in self-reported client data (N = 323). We present a useful tool for translating clinical expertise into quantitative information enabling future research to integrate this in scientific studies.

scholarly journals Highways to happiness for autistic adults? Perceived causal relations among clinicians

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Katharina Deserno ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
Sander Begeer ◽  
Riet van Bork ◽  
Max Hinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Client Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The network approach to psychological phenomena advances our understanding of the interrelations between autism and well-being. We use the Perceived Causal Relations methodology in order to (i) identify perceived causal pathways in the well-being system, (ii) validate networks based on self-report data, and (iii) quantify and integrate clinical expertise in autism research. Trained clinicians served as raters (N=29) completing 374 cause-effects ratings of 34 variables on well-being and symptomatology. A subgroup (N=16) of raters chose intervention targets in the resulting network which we found to match the respective centrality of nodes. Clinicians’ perception of causal relations was similar to the interrelatedness found in self-reported client data (N=323). We present a useful tool for translating clinical expertise into quantitative information enabling future research to integrate this in scientific studies.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Class and Generalized Trust: The Mediating Role of Sense of Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruichao Qiang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Qin Han
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Relationship

The success and well-being theory of trust holds that higher social class is associated with higher generalized trust, and this association has been well documented in empirical research. However, few studies have examined the processes that might explain this link. This study extends this assumption to explore the mediating mechanism in the association. We hypothesized that social class would positively predict generalized trust, and the relationship would be mediated by people’s sense of control. Self-report data were collected from 480 adults (160 males, 320 females; ages 18–61) who participated through an online crowdsourcing platform in China. The results of multiple regression and mediation analyses supported the hypothesized model. This research provides further support for the success and well-being theory of trust, and builds on it by identifying greater sense of control as a possible explanation for the link between high social class and generalized trust. Limitations and possible future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Screening Using the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale: An Analog Test of Three Cutoff Values

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Analog Test ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

This brief report presents an analog test of the relative classification validity of three cutoff values (CVs; 16, 18, and 20) derived from responses to the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Total Difficulties Scale. Results from Bayesian t-tests, using several school-specific subjective well-being indicators as dependent variables, yielded evidence suggesting all CV models effectively differentiated between students with lower and higher levels of risk. Evidence also indicated that the lowest CV (16) was more effective than the higher CVs (18, 20) at identifying students with greater levels of risk, and that the higher CVs functioned comparably well. Implications for future research and practice are noted.

Geographical Psychology

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rentfrow ◽  
Markus Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Multilevel Studies

There is geographical variation in the ways in which people think, feel, and behave. How are we to understand the causes and consequences of such variation? Geographical psychology is an emerging subarea of research concerned with the spatial organization of psychological phenomena and how individual characteristics, social entities, and physical features of the environment contribute to their organization. Studies at multiple levels of analysis have indicated that social influence, ecological influence, and selective migration are key mechanisms that contribute to the spatial clustering of psychological characteristics. Investigations in multiple countries have shown that the psychological characteristics common in particular regions are respectively linked to important political, economic, and health indicators. Furthermore, results from large multilevel studies have shown that the psychological characteristics of individuals interact with features of the local environment to impact psychological development and well-being. Future research is needed to better understand the scale and impact of person-environment associations over time.

Perfectionism and well-being among student athletes: The mediating role of athletic coping

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Volkan Ozcan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Mental Well Being

This study aims at investigating the mediating effect of coping between perfectionism and well-being. In other words, it has been assumed that with the increase in the level of perfectionism, the increase will make it difficult to cope and consequently decrease the mental well-being of individuals, the study examined athletic coping mediated the perfectionism–wellbeing relationship among student athletes. According to recent research that athletic coping may mediate the relationship between perfectionism and well-being. Participants were 292 sports students obtained with the convenient sampling method comprising 119 females and 173 males. Ages ranged from 18-35 years (M = 21.71, SD = 2.15). Self-report data were collected including psychometric measures assessing multidimensional perfectionism, mental wellbeing and athletic coping skills. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between mental well-being and coping skills of sportspeople. There were negative significant correlations observed between mental well-being with other-oriented, socially-prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism. The results of this study suggest that athletic coping skills had a partial mediating role between other-oriented perfectionism and the mental well-being of sportspeople.

Young person’s well-being: Exploring material, subjective and relational factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Rawsthorne ◽  
Grace Kinsela ◽  
Karen Paxton ◽  
Georgina Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Relational Factors ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractYoung people’s well-being has attracted significant policy and research attention in Australia and internationally for at least three decades. Despite this, there is no consensus about what it means, how it can be measured or, most importantly, what supports young people’s well-being. This paper adopts a definition of well-being as a multidimensional process, comprising subjective, material and relational factors. Drawing on self-report data collected at two time points from young people (aged 9–14 years) living in rural and regional New South Wales (N= 342 at baseline andN= 217 Wave 2), this paper seeks to identify the salience of these factors to well-being, measured through Perceived Self-Efficacy. Our analysis suggests that a sense of belonging, safety and the presence of supportive adults all appear to support enhanced well-being. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers and communities wishing to better support the development of young people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Determining at What Age Children Provide Sound Self-Reports: An Illustration of the Validity-Index Approach

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1604-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Conijn ◽  
Niels Smits ◽  
Esther E. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

In psychological assessment of children, it is pivotal to establish from what age on self-reports can complement or replace informant reports. We introduce a psychometric approach to estimate the minimum age for a child to produce self-report data that is of similar quality as informant data. The approach makes use of statistical validity indicators such as person-fit and long-string indices, and can be readily applied to data commonly collected in psychometric studies of child measures. We evaluate and illustrate the approach, using self-report and informant-report data of the PedsQL, a pediatric health-related quality of life measure, from 651 child–mother pairs. To evaluate the approach, we tested various hypotheses about the validity of the self-report data, using the [Formula: see text] person-fit index as the validity indicator and the mother informant-data as a benchmark for validity. Results showed that [Formula: see text] discriminated between self-reports of younger and older children, between self-reports of children that completed the PedsQL alone or with a parent, and between self-reports and informant reports. We conclude that the validity-index approach has good potential for future applications. Future research should further evaluate the approach for different types of questionnaires (e.g., personality inventories) and using different validity indices (e.g., response-bias indices).

In Search of Hopeful Glimpses: A Critique of Research Strategies in Current Boot Camp Evaluations

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Boot Camp ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Staff Commitment ◽  
Matching Techniques

This article presents a comprehensive review of research strategies in recently published boot camp evaluations, points out areas where changes are needed, and suggests alternatives for future research efforts. In particular, it calls for wider use of self-report data and sample matching techniques to augment current measures of program effectiveness. It also emphasizes the inclusion of measures on offenders' community reintegration and the involvement of their social networks during and after treatment. More important, future studies should also examine how nonprogrammatic factors (i.e., staff commitment, staff/client interactions, and community setting) may affect the outcomes. An integrated evaluation paradigm in suggested.

Effect of the Bullying: The Power to Cope Program on Children's Response to Bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Markopoulos ◽  
Michael E. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Experimental Group

This study evaluated the Bullying: The Power to Cope program (Bernard, 2012), which is designed to teach children the ideas espoused in the practice of rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) to employ in response to bullying. Self-report data were collected at pre- and post-test of children's cognitive, behavioural, and emotional coping responses to four written bullying vignettes. At pre-test, children's personal qualities of intrinsic resiliency were also measured. The sample consisted of 139 participants in Melbourne, Australia (n = 80 in the experimental group and n = 59 in the control group), aged from 10 to 14 years. Results indicated children in the experimental group improved in cognitive and emotional coping responses relative to children in the control group. Females showed greater improvement than males in coping responses to bullying as a consequence of the intervention. Entering levels of intrinsic resiliency did not moderate the effects of the intervention program on children's coping responses. The cognitive and emotional coping responses of females to bullying vignettes (pre-test) were significantly more negative and emotionally intense than males. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as limitations and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Is the Relationship Between Marital Adjustment and Parenting Stress Mediated or Moderated by Parenting Alliance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Camisasca ◽  
Sarah Miragoli ◽  
Paola Di Blasio
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Parenting Alliance ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Dyadic Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating and moderating effects of parenting alliance on the relationship between marital adjustment, as represented by the dimensions dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, and affectional expression, and maternal and paternal stress. Self-report data were gathered from 236 Italian families (236 mothers:M= 40.9;SD= 4.4 and 236 fathers:M= 42.9;SD= 4.8) of children aged 6–11 years (M= 8.6;SD= 1.7). A set of regression analyses were conducted to examine whether parenting alliance mediates or moderates the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. Regression analyses were consistent with a model of coparenting as a mediator but not as a moderator of the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. In the case of mothers, parenting alliance mediates the relationships between two dimensions of marital adjustment (dyadic consensus and dyadic cohesion) on parenting stress; in the case of fathers, parenting alliance serves as a mediator of the relationship between the marital adjustment (in terms of dyadic satisfaction) and parenting stress. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.

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