scholarly journals The sexual behaviours of adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years involved with the juvenile justice system in Australia: A community-based survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243633
Author(s):  
Lorraine Yap ◽  
Jocelyn Jones ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Sally Nathan ◽  
Elizabeth Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Objectives To overcome key knowledge gaps in relation to justice involved and vulnerable young people and their sexual health and to compare this group with their peers from other youth health surveys in Australia to determine the extent of the issues. Methods Young people, aged between 14 and 17 years, who had ever been or were currently involved with the criminal justice system were purposively sampled. The survey was anonymous and delivered using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI). Results A total of 465 justice involved MeH-JOSH young people, aged between 14 and 17 years, participated in the study: 44% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) and 37% not attending school. Of the total valid responses, 76% (n = 348) reported having ever had sex, with sexual initiation at a median age of 14 years. We compared these data with their peers in other Australian surveys and found that young people in our study had a higher engagement in sex and start having sex at a younger age, reporting more sexual partners at all ages. Conclusions The sexual behaviours of young people involved in the justice system in this study suggest they may be at a greater risk for sexually transmissible infections than their age-matched peers in the general population. Policymakers should elevate them to a priority population for targeting sexual health services and health promotion.

Aboriginal Youth, Police and the Juvenile Justice System in Western Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Lynn Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Juvenile Offending ◽  
Aboriginal Youth ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Children’S Court

The first section of the paper makes some observations about young people, crime and the police, and the particular vulnerability of Aboriginal youth coming to the attention of the police. Two issues, the maintenance of public order and juvenile offending, provide the framework for the discussion here. The second section looks at the nexus between the pre-trial conference - a recent innovation in the Children's Court in Perth - police prosecutors, and Aboriginal youth.

Associations between economic dependence, sexual behaviours, and sexually transmitted infections among young, Black, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with and without HIV in Jackson, Mississippi, USA

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalysha Closson ◽  
Rachel Vickers Smith ◽  
Gbolahan Olarewaju ◽  
Richard Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Relationship Power ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

Background In the USA, young Black gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men (YBMSM) bear the largest burden of HIV incidence. The aim of this study is to examine the independent associations between economic dependency on a sexual partner and several HIV risk behaviours and sexual health outcomes among YBMSM living in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Methods: Baseline data from 589 YBMSM, with a median age of 22.0 years (IQR = 15–25) participating in a brief sex-positive HIV and STI prevention intervention, were used to measure the association between six sexual behaviours, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) status at baseline and economic dependence. Bivariate χ2 associations were tested and regression models adjusted for education level (≤ high school), employment and HIV-status. Results: In regressions, of the six sexual behaviours reported in the last 90 days and six STIs tested at baseline, economically dependent YBMSM were more likely to report condomless anal receptive sex (aOR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.25–3.83), ≥3 partners as a top (aOR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.17–340), ≥3 sex partners as a bottom (aOR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.24–3.45), ≥3 sex acts as a bottom (aOR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.16–3.82) and testing positive for oral gonorrhoea (aOR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.18–4.83) after controlling for HIV status, employment and education. Conclusions: Interventions should consider how poverty, unemployment and economic dependence interact to influence relationship power imbalances, condom use and sexual positioning agency, and sexual health for key populations of MSM.

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-697
Author(s):  
L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
The State ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
Parens Patriae

Today, when some critics of our juvenile-justice system are complaining that the system is incompetent in dealing with violent young criminals, other critics are complaining that it is showing amazing efficiency in locking up—often for long periods—troubled young people who have not been charged with committing any crime, violent or otherwise. Such young people, they point out, represent approximately forty per cent of the hundred thousand-odd children who will be sent to jail this year for at least twenty-four hours and of the twelve thousand who will be placed in juvenile-detention centers every day. These children, who are variously labelled Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS), Children in Need of Supervision (CINS), Juveniles in Need of Supervision (JINS), or Wayward Minors, depending on the state they live in, will be guilty of nothing more serious than being a burden or a nuisance. They are not juvenile criminals—they have committed no act for which an adult could be prosecuted. Mainly, they are children who are truant from school, who have run away from home, or whose parents (the majority of them poor) find them too difficult to manage. Under one name or another, the PINS judicial category is written into the laws of forty-one states, and children who are assigned to it occupy, according to one estimate, as much as forty-one per cent of the case load of juvenile courts.... Underlying all the state statutes [is] the doctrine of parens patriae drawn from English chancery law—that the court could act to resolve the problems of troubled children as if it were a parent.

scholarly journals Devenir adulte sous contrainte

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Marie Dumollard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
And Control

This article examines the support provided by Quebec’s juvenile justice system for young people classified as offenders who transition to adulthood and who are in open custody. Analyzing life-course narratives of these young people, it highlights the paradoxical nature of penal interventions that, vacillating between support and control, simultaneously enable and constrain the development of autonomy. Faced with restrictive and contradictory institutional regulations, young people adapt their relationship to socio-judicial services by adopting three types of attitude.

Legal Socialization in the Juvenile Justice System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Tyler ◽  
Rick Trinkner
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Socialization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
System P

Chapter 9 discusses legal socialization within the juvenile justice system. Adolescence is a developmental period during which many young people have contact with legal authorities, primarily the police. These contacts involve high levels of discretion for law enforcement, and studies show the manner in which that discretion is exercised has strong consequences for the subsequent orientations that adolescents have toward the law as well as their later law-related behavior. In particular, adolescents react to how fairly the authorities treat them. Juvenile justice is a particularly contentious area of policy with many punitive practices advocated in spite of evidence that they do not build legitimacy or reduce crime. On the other hand, experiencing justice is shown to promote legitimacy and lower offending.

Community-Based Justice Systems

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Kras
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Justice Systems

Community-based justice systems reflect the inherent importance of communities as a part of justice system processes as opposed to simply being subjected to it. Much of what we know and understand about community involvement in the justice system consists of community-based corrections both in adult and juvenile systems. Extensive bibliographies have been completed on adult community corrections (see the Oxford Bibliographies article in Criminology “Community Corrections” by Beth M. Heubner) and juvenile community corrections (see the Oxford Bibliographies article in Criminology the “Juvenile Justice System” by Terrance J. Taylor), yet developments in these areas warrant additional citation. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports at the end of 2014, approximately 4.7 million adults were under community corrections supervision, with an additional 1.5 million adults incarcerated in prisons and jails, and, as such, community-based justice alternatives to incarceration are an important feature in the justice system as a way to divert individuals convicted of certain types of crime from detention, jail, or prison, and to attempt to deliver punishment and seek rehabilitation and reintegration in the community. Further, community justice aims to restore victims and repair communities affected by crime. A broad literature exists surrounding the practices and policies in this area to be evidence based, with special attention to those alternatives that achieve the best outcomes, such as reductions in recidivism or substance use. In addition to these important justice-related outcomes, the cost-savings ratio of supervising convicted persons in the community rather than in prisons is significant, according to the Washington State Institute for Public Policy. In the early 21st century, these efforts toward evidence-based practices and cost beneficence are discussed nationally and internationally via legislation on justice reinvestment. The following article presents the most-important works spanning community-based justice efforts across the field.

Gender, Justice, and Youth Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 802-830
Author(s):  
Francine T. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Lgbtq Youth ◽  
Community Based

From the time the first US training school for girls was opened in 1856 to today, girls have been over-represented in the juvenile justice system for behaviors that stem from trauma, and the justice system has been used to promote a narrow and typical view of female gender-conforming behavior. This chapter examines the pathways girls and LGBTQ youth take into and through the juvenile justice system to show disparate impact on black girls, girls with child-welfare histories, girls who experience violence in their homes, girls with mental and behavioral health issues, and girls and LGBTQ youth who are victims of sex trafficking. In all these categories, best practices would reduce juvenile and criminal justice system involvement in favor of community-based, positive developmental solutions. Some of those more promising and evidence-based solutions are provided at the conclusion of the chapter.

Should We Give Up Reform?

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley M. Hufstedler
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
National Council ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Crime And Delinquency

This article is an expanded version of an address given before the 1984 Conference: “Rethinking Juvenile Justice,” sponsored by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. The article traces the evolution of the Juvenile Court and discusses the pressures placed upon the juvenile justice system at the same time it punishes, incapacitates and reforms youthful offenders. The author challenges juvenile justice planners to develop humane, cost-effective, and community-based alternatives as a means of reducing the current confusion over the proper role of the juvenile court.

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