Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence at national and provincial levels in Iran from 2000 to 2016: A meta-regression analysis

Background The incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer with high mortality, is undergoing global change due to evolving risk factor profiles. We aimed to describe the epidemiologic incidence of HCC in Iran by sex, age, and geographical distribution from 2000 to 2016. Methods We used the Iran Cancer Registry to extract cancer incidence data and applied several statistical procedures to overcome the dataset’s incompleteness and misclassifications. Using Spatio-temporal and random intercept mixed effect models, we imputed missing values for cancer incidence by sex, age, province, and year. Besides, we addressed case duplicates and geographical misalignments in the data. Results Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased 1.17 times from 0.57 (95% UI: 0.37–0.78) per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.67 (0.50–0.85) in 2016. It had a 21.8% total percentage change increase during this time, with a 1.28 annual percentage change in both sexes. Male to female ASIR ratio was 1.51 in 2000 and 1.57 in 2016. Overall, after the age of 50 years, HCC incidence increased dramatically with age and increased from 1.19 (0.98–1.40) in the 50–55 age group to 6.65 (5.45–7.78) in the >85 age group. The geographical distribution of this cancer was higher in the central, southern, and southwestern regions of Iran. Conclusion The HCC incidence rate increased from 2000 to 2016, with a more significant increase in subgroups such as men, individuals over 50 years of age, and the central, southern, and southwestern regions of the country. We recommend health planners and policymakers to adopt more preventive and screening strategies for high-risk populations and provinces in Iran.

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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Lung Cancer in Shenzhen, 2008–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Lin Lei ◽

Anyan Huang ◽

Weicong Cai ◽

Ling Liang ◽

Yirong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Spatial Autocorrelation ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Southern China ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Annual Percentage Change ◽

Autocorrelation Analysis

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in China. The incidence trend and geographical distribution of lung cancer in southern China have not been reported. The present study explored the temporal trend and spatial distribution of lung cancer incidence in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2018. The lung cancer incidence data were obtained from the registered population in the Shenzhen Cancer Registry System between 2008 and 2018. The standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were analyzed by using the joinpoint regression model. The Moran’s I method was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and to further draw a spatial cluster map in Shenzhen. From 2008 to 2018, the average crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 27.1 (1/100,000), with an annual percentage change of 2.7% (p < 0.05). The largest average proportion of histological type of lung cancer was determined as adenocarcinoma (69.1%), and an increasing trend was observed in females, with an average annual percentage change of 14.7%. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated some sites in Shenzhen as a high incidence rate spatial clustering area. Understanding the incidence patterns of lung cancer is useful for monitoring and prevention.

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Esophageal cancer gender disparity.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.47 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (30_suppl) ◽

pp. 47-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luckson Noe Mathieu ◽

Norma Kanarek ◽

Craig Hooker ◽

Charles M. Rudin ◽

Malcolm Brock

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Hormonal Therapy ◽

Protective Role ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Estrogen Exposure ◽

Post Menopausal

47 Background: Over the past thirty years, esophageal cancer (EC) incidence has been increasing more rapidly than any other solid neoplasm in the Western world. Globally, there is a large male predominance in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The reasons for this gender difference and the possible role of estrogen are unclear. We conducted an analytical epidemiological study to determine if estrogen exposure explains the male predominance in observed esophageal cancer incidence. Methods: We evaluated the SEER cancer incidence and trends from 1975 to 2008 using SEER Stat to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in each ten-year age group and in EAC and ESCC by gender. Results: Male predominance in incidence rates of EC was most evident in the younger group and those with EAC histology. The rate of increase for EAC incidence in post menopausal females is greater than in any other demographic category. This increasing incidence rate in the post menopausal female was also observed in the ESCC, but to a lesser extent. The APC was negative (-1.5) between 1975-2008 only in the 50-64 age female group. The negative APC in the female 50-64 years age group may be due to the increased use of exogenous hormonal therapy since 1975 for this age group. Interestingly, the APC was positive (increasing) in the 65+ age females. Conclusions: Using age as a proxy for estrogen exposure, our findings suggest a hormonal reason for the observed age-related, declining male to female EC incidence rate ratios. It also confirms gender differences in incidence long observed in EC and suggests that estrogen may serve as a preventative agent against EC. Moreover, this protective role of estrogen may dissipate with time if post menopausal estrogen use is discontinued. We have initiated a subset analysis of the nine individual SEER sites’ database to confirm the above findings by location and plan to further assess the relationship of both endogenous and exogenous estrogen via hormonal therapy use in EC incidence in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort. Our epidemiological observation of gender-age differences warrants translation into a molecular study with the use of sophisticated biomarkers to establish the seemingly protective role of estrogen in esophageal cancer.

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Effect of Population-Wide Hepatitis B Vaccination in Preventing Liver Cancer Among Children and Young Adults in the United States

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.73700 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 11s-11s

Author(s):

A.Z. Shams ◽

V. Winkler ◽

H. Pohlabeln ◽

V. Arndt ◽

U. Haug

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

The Us ◽

Incident Cases

Background: Liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide1. In 2013, 79,2000 new cases of liver cancer and 818,000 deaths occurred globally2,3. Chronic infection with HBV accounts for at least 50% of liver cancer globally4. In the United States (US), liver cancer constitute the ninth leading cause of cancer death. The incidence of the cancer has persistently increased in the recent decades. Universal HBV vaccination was introduced in 1992 in the US. However, incidence trends of liver cancer among US children is poorly researched or relevant studies are not up-to-date5. Aim: This study aims to explore the effect of HBV population-wide vaccination program in reducing liver cancer incidence in the vaccinated children and adolescents in the US. Methods: Liver cancer incidence data were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) databases (volumes I to X) from International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC). Data acquisition and analysis covered available incidence data between 1978-2007 from 9 cancer registries from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) from the US presented in the CI5 databases. Age-specific incidence rates of liver cancer (based on 5 year age groups ie 5-9 year, 10-14 year and 15-19 years) were calculated using age and sex-disaggregated incidence and population data from the SEER cancer registries. Stata software version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) was used to calculate age-specific incidence rates, using number of liver cancer incident cases in each age group by the number of population in the respective age group. Age-specific rates were analyzed by period of diagnosis and by birth year. Rate ratios were estimated from age-group-specific Poisson regressions. Results: A total of 140 liver cancer incident cases were registered in the 9 SEER registries between 1978 to 2007 in the US. The incidence rate of liver cancer in children 5 to 9 years of age from 1978-1982 was 0.10 per 100,000 children. The incidence increased to 0.16 for the period from 2003-2007. The same trend is seen for the age group 10-14 and 15-19 years of age. Overall, age-specific incidence rates for liver cancer increased across age groups of 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 year in the population covered by the 9 SEER registries in the US. However, risk estimates (incidence rate ratios, resulted from age-group-specific Poisson regressions did not show statistical significant effects. Conclusion: While the global response to implement population-wide HBV vaccination program is out of question, efforts to establish processes to evaluate the effect of such programs seems to be incomparably limited. Estimating the effect of HBV vaccination will relatively improve with time as further incidence data become available eg upon publication of data from new volume of CI5 databases.

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Are temporal trends in colonoscopy among young adults concordant with colorectal cancer incidence?

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141319859608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stacey A Fedewa ◽

Rebecca L Siegel ◽

Ahmedin Jemal

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Incidence Rate Ratio ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Colorectal Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Objective In the United States, colorectal cancer incidence has increased in adults under age 55. Although debate remains about whether this rise is a result of increased detection because of more colonoscopy utilization, population-based trends in colonoscopy among this age group are unknown. We examined changes in colonoscopy rates, as well as colorectal cancer incidence, among adults aged 40–54, using nationally representative data. Methods Recent (past year) colonoscopy rates were computed among 53,175 respondents aged 40–54 in National Health Interview Survey data from 2000 through 2015 by five-year age group. Colorectal cancer incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated from 18 population-based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result registries during the same period. Results Among respondents aged 40–44, past-year colonoscopy rates were stable during 2000–2015, and ranged from 2.3% to 3.5% ( p-value for trend = 0.771). In contrast, colonoscopy rates increased from 2.5% in 2000 to 5.2% in 2015 among ages 45–49, and from 5.0% to 14.1% in ages 50–54 (test for trend p-values < 0.001). During 2000–2015, colorectal cancer incidence rates increased by 28% in people aged 40–44 (incidence rate ratio = 1.28, 95% CI 1.20, 2.37), 15% in those aged 45–49 (incidence rate ratio = 1.15, 95%CI 1.10, 1.21), and 17% in those aged 50–54 (incidence rate ratio = 1.17, 95%CI 1.13, 1.21), respectively. Conclusion Increases in colonoscopy rates were confined to ages 45–54, whereas colorectal cancer incidence rates rose in those aged 40–44, 45–49, and 50–54. Colonoscopy trends do not fully align with colorectal cancer incidence patterns.

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Racial and Geographical Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Mississippi, 2003-2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1054671/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sasha McKay ◽

Jaymie Meliker

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

The State ◽

Cold Spot ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate racial and geographical disparities of colorectal cancer incidence in Mississippi. Methods: Incidence data from 2003-2018 were obtained at the county-level from the Mississippi Cancer Registry. Incidence rate difference and 95% confidence intervals between age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence for whites and blacks were calculated and mapped using ArcGIS. Results: The black incidence rate for colorectal cancer was 59.8 per 100,000 while the white incidence rate was 48.9 per 100,000. Blacks experienced significantly higher incidence rates than whites in 39 counties throughout much of Mississippi. These areas of higher racial disparities did not cluster in a specific region of the state. In the southern part of the state an 8-county cold-spot region was detected without racial disparities; incidence rate for blacks was 41.3 per 100,000 in this region. Conclusions: There are racial disparities throughout Mississippi except for an 8-county region towards the southern part of the state. Additional research should be conducted to identify what factors are responsible for the lower incidence rates among blacks in this region, and to implement effective interventions statewide to reduce racial disparities in colorectal cancer incidence.

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Breast cancer risk based on adapted IBIS prediction model in Slovenian women aged 40–49 years - could it be better?

Radiology and Oncology ◽

10.2478/raon-2020-0040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 335-340

Author(s):

Tjasa Oblak ◽

Vesna Zadnik ◽

Mateja Krajc ◽

Katarina Lokar ◽

Janez Zgajnar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Average Risk ◽

Age Group ◽

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the proportion of women that would be classified as at above-average risk of breast cancer based on the 10 year-risk prediction of the Slovenian breast cancer incidence rate (S-IBIS) program in two presumably above-average breast cancer risk populations in age group 40-49 years: (i) women referred for any reason to diagnostic breast centres and (ii) women who were diagnosed with breast cancer aged 40–49 years. Breast cancer is the commonest female cancer in Slovenia, with an incidence rate below European average. The Tyrer-Cuzick breast cancer risk assessment algorithm was recently adapted to S-IBIS. In Slovenia a tailored mammographic screening for women at above average risk in age group 40–49 years is considered in the future. S-IBIS is a possible tool to select population at above-average risk of breast cancer for tailored screening.Patients and methodsIn 357 healthy women aged 40–49 years referred for any reason to diagnostic breast centres and in 367 female breast cancer patients aged 40–49 years at time of diagnosis 10-years breast cancer risk was calculated using the S-IBIS software. The proportion of women classified as above-average risk of breast cancer was calculated for each subgroup of the study population.Results48.7% of women in the Breast centre group and 39.2% of patients in the breast cancer group had above-average 10-year breast cancer risk. Positive family history of breast cancer was more prevalent in the Breast centre group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsInclusion of additional risk factors into the S-IBIS is warranted in the populations with breast cancer incidence below European average to reliably stratify women into breast cancer risk groups.

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Biomarker Identification for Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Gene Regulatory Network Analysis

Current Bioinformatics ◽

10.2174/1574893615666200317115609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Qiuyan Huo ◽

Yuying Ma ◽

Yu Yin ◽

Guimin Qin

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Primary Liver Cancer ◽

Endocrine Resistance ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Network Clustering ◽

Resistance Pathway ◽

Gene Regulatory ◽

Tf Gene ◽

Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Aims: We aimed to find common and distinct molecular characteristics between LIHC and CHOL based on miRNA-TF-gene FFL. Background: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) are two main histological subtypes of primary liver cancer with a unified molecular landscape, and feed-forward loops (FFLs) have been shown to be relevant in these complex diseases. Objective: To date, there has been no comparative analysis of the pathogenesis of LIHC and CHOL based on regulatory relationships. Therefore, we investigated the common and distinct regulatory properties of LIHC and CHOL in terms of gene regulatory networks. Method: Based on identified FFLs and an analysis of pathway enrichment, we constructed pathway-specific co-expression networks and further predicted biomarkers for these cancers by network clustering. Resul: We identified 20 and 36 candidate genes for LIHC and CHOL, respectively. The literature from PubMed supports the reliability of our results. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the hsa01522-Endocrine resistance pathway was associated with both LIHC and CHOL. Additionally, six genes (SPARC, CTHRC1, COL4A1, EDIL3, LAMA4 and OLFML2B) were predicted to be highly associated with both cancers, of which SPARC was significantly highly ranked. Other: In addition, we inferred that the Collagen gene family, which appeared more frequently in our overall prediction results, might be closely related to cancer development.

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FRI0412 DOES SEVERE ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN RESULT IN MORE LONG-TERM PAIN AFTER TOTAL HIP OR KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (THA OR TKA) FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS?

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 805.2-805

Author(s):

D. A. J. M. Latijnhouwers ◽

C. H. Martini ◽

R. G. H. H. Nelissen ◽

H. M. J. Van der Linden ◽

T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Missing Values ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Acute Postoperative Pain ◽

Preoperative Pain ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Total Hip ◽

Chronic Postsurgical Pain

Background:Chronic pain is a frequently reported unfavourable outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA/TKA) (7-23% and 10-34%, respectively) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients (1), which is difficult to treat as underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Acute postoperative pain has been identified as risk factor for development of long-term pain in other surgical procedures, such as mastectomy and thoracotomy (2). However, the effect of acute postoperative pain on development of long-term pain in THA and TKA patients is unknown.Objectives:To investigate if acute pain following THA/TKA in OA patients is associated with long-term pain and if acute pain affects the course of pain up to 1-year postoperatively.Methods:From a longitudinal multicenter study, OA patients scheduled for primary THA or TKA were included. Acute pain scores, using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), were routinely collected as part of standard care (≤72 hours after surgery). In case of ≥2 NRS scores the two highest scores were averaged (n=160), else the single score was taken. Pain was dichotomized into severe (NRS≥5) and mild (NRS<5). Pain was assessed preoperatively, at 3 (only THA), 6 and 12 months postoperatively using HOOS/KOOS subscale pain. Separate mixed-effect models for THA and TKA patients were used, with dichotomized acute pain as fixed-effect and long-term pain as outcome, while adjusting for confounders (age, sex, BMI, preoperative pain, mental component scale of the SF12 (MCS-12), and duration of the surgery and hospitalization). We included an interaction between time of measurement and acute postoperative pain to analyse whether effect modification was present. Missing values in preoperative pain and MCS-12 were imputed using multiple imputation methods.Results:81 THA and 87 TKA patients were included, of whom 32.1% and 56.3% reported severe acute pain. The results did not show an associated between severe acute pain and long term pain (THA: β=2.0, 95%-CI:-10.9-7.0; TKA: β=3.8, 95%-CI:-10.6-2.9). Furthermore, It seems that there is no effect present of difference in severity of acute pain and the course of pain over time (THA 6-months: β=6.4, 95%-CI:1.9-10.9 and 12-months: β=0.2, 95%-CI:-4.4-4.8; TKA 12-months: β=3.2, 95%-CI:-0.5-6.8).Conclusion:We did not find an association between acute pain and the development of long-term pain nor that severity of acute pain affects the course of postoperative pain in THA and TKA patients. The fact that THA and TKA patients often experience chronic preoperative pain might be a possible explanation for this finding. Nonetheless, future studies including additional measures of acute pain and pain sensitization in patients with chronic preoperative pain are necessary to draw stronger conclusions.References:[1]Beswick AD, Wylde V, Gooberman-Hill R, Blom A, Dieppe P. What proportion of patients report long-term pain after total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis? A systematic review of prospective studies in unselected patients. BMJ open. 2012;2(1):e000435.[2]Katz J, Seltzer Ze. Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors. Expert review of neurotherapeutics. 2009;9(5):723-44.Acknowledgments:We would like to thank the study group that consists of: B.L. Kaptein, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; S.B.W Vehmeijer, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft; R. Onstenk, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; S.H.M. Verdegaal, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp; H.H. Kaptijn, LangeLand Hospital, Zoetermeer; W.C.M. Marijnissen, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht; P.J. Damen, Waterland Hospital, Hoorn; the NetherlandsDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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Profiling of tumour-associated microbiota in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89963-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seiga Komiyama ◽

Takahiro Yamada ◽

Nobuyuki Takemura ◽

Norihiro Kokudo ◽

Koji Hase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Primary Liver Cancer ◽

Epithelial Barrier ◽

Sequence Variants ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Uncultured Bacterium ◽

Hepatitis C Viruses ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractLiver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that results from chronic hepatitis caused by multiple predisposing factors such as viral infection, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Accumulating studies have indicated that dysfunction of the gut epithelial barrier and hepatic translocation of gut microbes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, the translocated bacteria in HCC patients remains unclear. Here, we characterised tumour-associated microbiota in patients with liver cancer and focused on HCC. We observed that the number of amplicon sequence variants in tumour-associated microbiota was significantly higher compared with that in non-tumour regions of the liver. The tumour-associated microbiota consisted of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as the dominant phyla. We identified an unclassified genus that belonged to the Bacteroides, Romboutsia, uncultured bacterium of Lachnospiraceae as a signature taxon for primary liver cancer. Additionally, we identified Ruminococcus gnavus as a signature taxon for HCC patients infected with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C viruses. This study suggests that tumour microbiota may contribute to the pathology of HCC.

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