Esophageal cancer gender disparity.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 47-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luckson Noe Mathieu ◽  
Norma Kanarek ◽  
Craig Hooker ◽  
Charles M. Rudin ◽  
Malcolm Brock
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Post Menopausal

47 Background: Over the past thirty years, esophageal cancer (EC) incidence has been increasing more rapidly than any other solid neoplasm in the Western world. Globally, there is a large male predominance in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The reasons for this gender difference and the possible role of estrogen are unclear. We conducted an analytical epidemiological study to determine if estrogen exposure explains the male predominance in observed esophageal cancer incidence. Methods: We evaluated the SEER cancer incidence and trends from 1975 to 2008 using SEER Stat to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in each ten-year age group and in EAC and ESCC by gender. Results: Male predominance in incidence rates of EC was most evident in the younger group and those with EAC histology. The rate of increase for EAC incidence in post menopausal females is greater than in any other demographic category. This increasing incidence rate in the post menopausal female was also observed in the ESCC, but to a lesser extent. The APC was negative (-1.5) between 1975-2008 only in the 50-64 age female group. The negative APC in the female 50-64 years age group may be due to the increased use of exogenous hormonal therapy since 1975 for this age group. Interestingly, the APC was positive (increasing) in the 65+ age females. Conclusions: Using age as a proxy for estrogen exposure, our findings suggest a hormonal reason for the observed age-related, declining male to female EC incidence rate ratios. It also confirms gender differences in incidence long observed in EC and suggests that estrogen may serve as a preventative agent against EC. Moreover, this protective role of estrogen may dissipate with time if post menopausal estrogen use is discontinued. We have initiated a subset analysis of the nine individual SEER sites’ database to confirm the above findings by location and plan to further assess the relationship of both endogenous and exogenous estrogen via hormonal therapy use in EC incidence in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort. Our epidemiological observation of gender-age differences warrants translation into a molecular study with the use of sophisticated biomarkers to establish the seemingly protective role of estrogen in esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer incidence gender disparity.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1573-1573
Author(s):  
Luckson Noe Mathieu ◽  
Craig Hooker ◽  
Norma Kanarek ◽  
Charles M. Rudin ◽  
Malcolm Brock
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Western World ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Rate Ratios

1573 Background: Over the past 30 years, esophageal cancer incidence has been increasing more rapidly than any other solid neoplasm in the Western world. Globally, there is a large male predominance in both esophageal squamous and adenocarcinoma. The reasons for this gender difference and the possible role of estrogen are unclear. The objective of this study is to determine if estrogen exposure is consistent with the male predominance observed in esophageal cancer incidence. Methods: A database assessment of esophageal cancer incidence rates (age-adjusted) from 1975 to 2008 was conducted in the National SEER 9 Database and the Maryland Cancer Registry. Rates by gender and age were calculated. Gender-specific incidence rate ratios were compared across age groups. Annual percentage change (APC) was compared for each gender-age group. Results: In both national and state, male and female, adeno and squamous cell histologies, incidence rates increase with patient age. SEER data trends revealed the 50-64 aged female cohort as the only gender-age cohort APC decreasing between 1975-2008. Furthermore, a significant increase in incidence for females is observed in the 65+ age groups; whereas among males, the rates are rising in all age groups. Conclusions: Using age as a proxy for estrogen exposure, our findings suggest a hormonal component in the declining male: female esophageal cancer incidence rate ratios with increasing age and confirm gender differences in incidence long observed in esophageal cancer. Histological features may be predictive of a lower rate ratio. (Bodelon et al. 2011) Estrogen exposure may play a protective role in esophageal cancer which dissipates with time after age 60-69. Our data suggest possible future roles of estrogen as a chemopreventive agent in esophageal cancer (Barone et al. 2011). [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The influence of sex on the olfactory function in healthy subjects

2002 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Slobodan Savovic ◽  
Vladimir Pilija ◽  
Slobodanka Lemajic ◽  
Maja Buljcik ◽  
Dejan Nincic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol

The sense of smell is the least examined of all senses. The significance of the organs of smell is in their influence on the mental state as well as on the vegetative, visceral and sexual functions. The objective of this experiment was to define the influence of sex on the olfactory function. It was performed on 120 subjects (60 females and 60 males) divided into three age groups (20 - 30; 31 - 40; 41 - 50 years of age). The experiment was carried out by the Fortunato-Niccolini olfactometric method using six odorous experimental substances: A - anethol, PH - phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, C citral, M - menthol, V- vanillin and P - pyridine, the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) being defined for each odorous substance. The examined females had slightly lower thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) in relation to the males of the same age group. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the group of subjects between 41 and 50 years of age where the females, being in the pre-menopause, had significantly better olfactory functions. The results can be explained by the weakening of the olfactory power as a result of ageing in both sexes, however, the females still experienced the protective role of sex hormones.

An epidemiological study of hysteria

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
K. C. Dube ◽  
Narender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Study Population

SummaryIn a comprehensive epidemiological study conducted by a census survey in a population of 29,468 individuals in the Agra region of Uttar Pradesh, northern India, 261 cases of conversion symptoms in the form of hysterical fits were detected constituting a prevalence rate of 8.9 per thousand (Dube, 1970). The study population consisted of residents in urban, semi-rural and rural areas. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. Females constituted 96.1% of all cases of hysteria. The highest incidence rate was in the age group 15–24 years. The role of caste, marital status and educational level, found to be associated with the occurrence of symptoms, has been discussed.

scholarly journals Microcytosis as a risk marker of cancer in primary care: a cohort study using electronic patient records

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (696) ◽  
pp. e457-e462
Author(s):  
Rhian Hopkins ◽  
Sarah ER Bailey ◽  
William T Hamilton ◽  
Elizabeth A Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Electronic Patient Records

BackgroundMicrocytosis (smaller than normal red blood cells) has previously been identified as a possible early risk marker for some cancers. However, the role of microcytosis across all cancers has not been fully investigated.AimTo examine cancer incidence in a cohort of patients with microcytosis, with and without accompanying anaemia.Design and settingCohort study of patients aged ≥40 years using UK primary care electronic patient records.MethodThe 1-year cancer incidence was compared between cohorts of patients with a mean red cell volume of <85 femtolitres (fL) (low) or 85–101 fL (normal). Further analyses examined sex, age group, cancer site, and haemoglobin values.ResultsOf 12 289 patients with microcytosis, 497 had a new cancer diagnosis within 1 year (4.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7 to 4.4), compared with 1465 of 73 150 without microcytosis (2.0%, CI = 1.9 to 2.1). In males, 298 out of 4800 with microcytosis were diagnosed with cancer (6.2%, CI = 5.5 to 6.9), compared with 940 out of 34 653 without (2.7%, CI = 2.5 to 2.9). In females with microcytosis, 199 out of 7489 were diagnosed with cancer (2.7%, CI = 2.3 to 3.1), compared with 525 out of 38 497 without (1.4%, CI = 1.3 to 1.5). In patients with microcytosis but normal haemoglobin, 86 out of 2637 males (3.3%, CI = 2.6 to 4.0) and 101 out of 5055 females (2.0%, CI = 1.6 to 2.4) were diagnosed with cancer.ConclusionMicrocytosis is a predictor of underlying cancer even if haemoglobin is normal. Although a benign explanation is more likely, clinicians in primary care should consider simple testing for cancer on encountering unexplained microcytosis, particularly in males.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence at national and provincial levels in Iran from 2000 to 2016: A meta-regression analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245468
Author(s):  
Nima Fattahi ◽  
Negar Rezaei ◽  
Mohsen Asadi-Lari ◽  
Moein Yousefi ◽  
Zahra Madadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Incidence Data

Background The incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer with high mortality, is undergoing global change due to evolving risk factor profiles. We aimed to describe the epidemiologic incidence of HCC in Iran by sex, age, and geographical distribution from 2000 to 2016. Methods We used the Iran Cancer Registry to extract cancer incidence data and applied several statistical procedures to overcome the dataset’s incompleteness and misclassifications. Using Spatio-temporal and random intercept mixed effect models, we imputed missing values for cancer incidence by sex, age, province, and year. Besides, we addressed case duplicates and geographical misalignments in the data. Results Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased 1.17 times from 0.57 (95% UI: 0.37–0.78) per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.67 (0.50–0.85) in 2016. It had a 21.8% total percentage change increase during this time, with a 1.28 annual percentage change in both sexes. Male to female ASIR ratio was 1.51 in 2000 and 1.57 in 2016. Overall, after the age of 50 years, HCC incidence increased dramatically with age and increased from 1.19 (0.98–1.40) in the 50–55 age group to 6.65 (5.45–7.78) in the >85 age group. The geographical distribution of this cancer was higher in the central, southern, and southwestern regions of Iran. Conclusion The HCC incidence rate increased from 2000 to 2016, with a more significant increase in subgroups such as men, individuals over 50 years of age, and the central, southern, and southwestern regions of the country. We recommend health planners and policymakers to adopt more preventive and screening strategies for high-risk populations and provinces in Iran.

scholarly journals Serum Uric Acid Increases Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushan Yan ◽  
Pengjun Zhang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

SUA is a potent antioxidant and thus may play a protective role against cancer. Many epidemiological studies have investigated this hypothesis but provided inconsistent and inconclusive findings. We aimed to precisely elucidate the association between SUA levels and cancer by pooling all available publications. Totally, 5 independent studies with 456,053 subjects and 12 with 632,472 subjects were identified after a comprehensive literature screening from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The pooled RRs showed that individuals with high SUA levels were at an increased risk of total cancer incidence (RR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05,P=0.007). Positive association between high SUA levels and total cancer incidence was observed in males but not females (for men:RR=1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08,P=0.002; for women,RR=1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04,P=0.512). Besides, high SUA levels were associated with an elevated risk of total cancer mortality (RR=1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32,P=0.010), particularly in females (RR=1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.45,P=0.004). The study suggests that high SUA levels increase the risk of total cancer incidence and mortality. The data do not support the hypothesis of a protective role of SUA in cancer.

Response to SSRIs and role of the hormonal therapy in post-menopausal depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zanardi ◽  
D. Rossini ◽  
L. Magri ◽  
A. Malaguti ◽  
C. Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Menopausal Depression

scholarly journals A clinico pathological study of acute appendicitis with special reference to ultrasonography

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Mohammed Faheem Inamdar ◽  
Sali Manjappa ◽  
N. M. Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Alvarado Score ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest conditions treated at emergency, despite of advances in diagnostic medicine and therapeutics, the diagnosis of appendicitis remains essentially clinical, requiring clinical acumen and surgical knowledge. Maximum incidence noted in second and third decade of life with male predominance. Ultrasonograpy is shown to be effective in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis with a sensitivity of 84 to 89% and specificity of 92 to 98%. Objectives of the study was to study the clinical features of acute appendicitis regarding Alvarado score. Role of USG and HPE Examination in supporting the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and the morbidity, mortality of emergency appendicectomy.Methods: 100 patients who were admitted to VIMS hospital, Bellary, from November 2004 to April 2006 with a clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis were included in the present study. Ultrasonography and Histopathological Examination was done in all cases and results were correlated with final analysis. Results were analyzed using 'Z’ test, Chi-squire test, sensitivity and specificity.Results: In present study of 100 cases 77 were males and 23 Females patient. Out of which 60 are in 15 to 30 years, 21 patients are 10 to 15 years followed by 13 in the age group of 30-40 years. All are undergone appendicectomy. 11 patents undergone Elective, and 89 emergency appendicectomy. Ultrasound was coming positive in 92 cases and negative in 8 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 80% Respectively. HPE was done in all 100 cases 95 were positive 5 were negative with sensitivity of 96.8% and specificity of 80%.Conclusions: Appendicitis is commonest in 2nd and 3rd decade followed by 4th decade with a male preponderance, Ultrasonography is useful in females to rule out any gynecological pathology. Patients who come early within 2 to 3 days of symptoms of acute appendicitis, emergency appendicectomy is the treatment of the choice and were will be less morbidity and mortality, post operatively.

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