scholarly journals Association of recurrent common infections and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Mexican women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246047
Author(s):  
Priscilla Espinosa-Tamez ◽  
Martin Lajous ◽  
Carlos Cantú-Brito ◽  
Ruy Lopez-Ridaura ◽  
Adriana Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease

Background Acute and agent-specific chronic infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however data on the burden of common recurrent infections on cardiovascular disease is limited. We hypothesized women with greater exposure to uncomplicated common infectious events had an increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD). Methods In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the relation of recurrent infections and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1946 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Through 2012–2016, participants answered structured questions on respiratory, urinary and vaginal infections during the previous year and their IMT was measured using ultrasound by standardized neurologists. We defined sCVD as mean right and left IMT ≥0.8 mm or the presence of atheromatous plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of infectious events with IMT and sCVD adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Among participants (50±5 years) 13% reported no infections, 20% one infection and 67% three or more episodes. Overall prevalence of sCVD was 12%(n = 240). Adjusted models for logistic regression showed that women with 2 or more infections had 91% higher odds of sCVD (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.16, 3.13) compared to women without infections (p-trend:0.015). Sub-analyses by type of infection resulted not significant. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant association between mean IMT and recurrent infections. Conclusions Recurrent infectious events in young adult women are associated with greater sCVD, which supports the hypothesis of low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract P382: Association of Recurrent Common Infections and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Women

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Espinosa-Tamez ◽  
Andres Catzin-Kuhlmann ◽  
Adriana Monge ◽  
Elsa Yunes ◽  
Carlos Cantú-Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Introduction: Both acute and agent specific chronic infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however data on the burden of common recurrent infections and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. Hypothesis: Women with greater exposure to uncomplicated common infectious events have an increased risk of subclinical CVD (sCVD) compared to women with no events. Methods: In a cross-sectional study we assessed the relationship of recurrent infections and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1,945 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Through 2012-2016, participants answered questions on respiratory, urinary tract and vaginal infections during the previous year and IMT was measured using ultrasound by standardized neurologists and log-transformed. Total infectious episodes were categorized as “0”, “1 or 2” and “3 or more”. We defined sCVD as mean right and left IMT≥0.8mm or plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of infectious events with IMT and sCVD adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Among participants (50 ±5 years of age) 14% (278 of 1945) reported no infections, 41% (800 of 1945) 1 or 2 infections, and 45% (867 of 1945) 3 or more. Overall prevalence of sCVD was 12% (242 of 1945). Adjusted models for logistic regression showed that women with 3 or more infections had 80% higher odds of subclinical CVD (95% CI 1.1, 2.9) compared to women without infections (p-trend: 0.019). Sub-analyses by type of infection were not significantly associated with sCVD (Image 1). Linear regression analysis did not show a significant association between mean IMT and recurrent infections. Conclusion: Recurrent infectious events in women are associated with greater sCVD, which supports the hypothesis of low grade chronic inflammation in CVD.

Abstract 3648: Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women is Associated With Increased Epicardial, but Not Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Oyama ◽  
Philimon Gona ◽  
Michael L Chuang ◽  
Rahul R Jhaveri ◽  
Carol J Salton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue, such as epicardial fat, is metabolically active, and may portend increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to subcutaneous fat. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately delineate fat, but data are sparse regarding the relationship of epicardial and subcutaneous fat burden to CVD in community-living adult women. METHODS: 957 women (aged 64± 8 years) in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, followed by serial examinations since 1974, underwent CMR on a 1.5-T Philips system using an ECG-gated cine SSFP sequence. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) over the midlevel right ventricle was measured from a 4-chamber view. Suprasternal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was measured at the main pulmonary artery level. We compared EFT and SFT between women with clinical CVD, documented by a physician endpoint committee (+CVD), vs. those without (noCVD) based on Cycle 7 (1998 –2002) clinical data. Differences were assessed by two-sample T-test; ANOVA was used to adjust for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status. RESULTS: The +CVD group comprised 74 (8%) women who were older and more likely to be postmenopausal, diabetic and hypertensive than noCVD women (Table ). EFT was greater in +CVD (10.5 ± 5.1mm) vs. noCVD (8.6 ± 5.2mm) groups, p<0.003. This difference remained significant after adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status (Table ). No difference in SFT or body mass index was observed between groups (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Women with history of clinical CVD have greater EFT than women without CVD, and this difference persists after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. However, subcutaneous fat, as assessed by chest wall adiposity, did not differ between groups. EFT may be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk, and prospective investigation of the relationship between EFT and future risk for CVD is warranted.

Cardiovascular Disease in Spondyloarthritides

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Papagoras ◽  
Paraskevi V. Voulgari ◽  
Alexandros A. Drosos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Diseases ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Patients

The spondyloarthritides are a group of chronic systemic inflammatory joint diseases, the main types being ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Evidence accumulating during the last decades suggests that patients with AS or PsA carry an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular death. This risk appears to be mediated by systemic inflammation over and above classical cardiovascular risk factors. The excess cardiovascular risk in those patients has been formally acknowledged by scientific organizations, which have called physicians’ attention to the matter. The application by Rheumatologists of new effective anti-rheumatic treatments and treat-to-target strategies seems to benefit patients from a cardiovascular point of view, as well. However, more data are needed in order to verify whether anti-rheumatic treatments do have an effect on cardiovascular risk and whether there are differences among them in this regard. Most importantly, a higher level of awareness of the cardiovascular risk is needed among patients and healthcare providers, better tools to recognize at-risk patients and, ultimately, commitment to address in parallel both the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular aspect of the disease.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
David M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Vittoria Cammisotto ◽  
Cristina Nocella ◽  
Simona Bartimoccia ◽  
Valerio Sanguigni ◽  
Davide Francomano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Stress Burden

Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Is congenital bony stenosis of the cervical spine associated with lumbar spine stenosis? An anatomical study of 1072 human cadaveric specimens

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navkirat S. Bajwa ◽  
Jason O. Toy ◽  
Ernest Y. Young ◽  
Nicholas U. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Lumbar Stenosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tandem Stenosis

Object Congenital cervical and lumbar stenosis occurs when the bony anatomy of the spinal canal is smaller than expected, predisposing an individual to symptomatic neural compression. While tandem stenosis is known to occur in 5%–25% of individuals, it is not known whether this relationship is due to an increased risk of degenerative disease in these individuals or whether this finding is due to the tandem presence of a congenitally small cervical and lumbar canal. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the presence of congenital cervical stenosis is associated with congenital lumbar stenosis. Methods One thousand seventy-two adult skeletal specimens from the Hamann-Todd Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were selected. The canal area at each level was calculated using a formula that was verified by computerized measurements. Values that were 2 standard deviations below the mean were considered to represent congenitally stenotic regions. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the sum of canal areas at all levels in the cervical and lumbar spine. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for congenital stenosis in one area if congenital stenosis was present in the other. Results A positive association was found between the additive area of all cervical (that is, the sum of C3–7) and lumbar (that is, the sum of L1–5) levels (p < 0.01). A positive association was also found between the number of cervical and lumbar levels affected by congenital stenosis (p < 0.01). Logistic regression also demonstrated a significant association between congenital stenosis in the cervical and lumbar spine, with an odds ratio of 0.2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Based on the authors' findings in a large population of adult skeletal specimens, it appears that congenital stenosis of the cervical spine is associated with congenital stenosis of the lumbar spine. Thus, the presence of tandem stenosis appears to be, at least in part, related to the tandem presence of a congenitally small cervical and lumbar canal.

Abstract 631: Evaluation of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor M Rocha ◽  
Maria Guadalupe B Pippa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

Backgroung: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, that appear to be responsible for 50% of mortality for thrombotic events such as Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Ischemic Stroke (SI) in RA patients. Occur approximately a decade earlier in these patients compared with the normal population. Objectives: To determine the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis according to the classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Methods: To assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases we studied 78 patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis. For this we used the criteria of the risk score of Acute Coronary Disease in 10 years according to the Framingham Heart Study. A control group consisted of 21 patients with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia was also assessed using the same criteria, where age, sex, systolic blood pressure values, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL, presence of smoking and diagnosis of diabetes, were scored. Results: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a mean disease duration of 12.8 years (SD=7.4), age 58.6 years (SD=10.3) and the control group 59.3 years (SD=10,0). The old values of total cholesterol, HDL, blood pressure and being with Diabetes Mellitus showed positive correlations with the Cardiovascular Risk, and Blood Pressure in the index this correlation was stronger (r=+0.593) in Rheumatoid Arthritis and age (r=+0.702) in the control group. The Global Cardiovascular Risk in each group were considered low (7,8 points to Rematoid Artrhrits and 9,3 points to the control group). Conclusion: The results showed no increased risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to control group. Remember that control group fact be constituted by a larger number of diabetics, which likely impact these results.

scholarly journals 0721 Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden and Composition in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Coronary CT Angiography

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A274-A274
Author(s):  
M Lu ◽  
Y Wei ◽  
Z Wang ◽  
F Fang ◽  
S E John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Calcified Plaque

Abstract Introduction OSA is closely associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Although previous small studies have investigated coronary plaque in OSA patients, limited data are available regarding the association of OSA with plaque morphology and composition. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively characterize and compare coronary plaque burden and composition between patients with no or mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and moderate-severe OSA using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a large-scale study. Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent sleep monitoring and coronary CTA. Metrics reflecting coronary plaque characteristics were compared between patients with no or mild OSA with apnea hypoxic index (AHI) ≤15 and moderate-severe OSA (AHI&gt;15). The associations of OSA with coronary plaque components were determined by logistic and linear regression analysis. Results A total of 854 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 162 did not meet the inclusion criteria and of the remaining 692 patients 400 (57.8%) had moderate-severe OSA and 292 had no or mild OSA. Patients with moderate-severe OSA had a significantly higher total plaque volume, total non-calcified plaque (NCP) volume and total low density non-calcified plaque (LD-NCP) volume, and corresponding burden than those with no or mild OSA (all with p&lt;0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that moderate-severe OSA patients are more likely to have any plaque, NCP and LD-NCP than those without no or mild OSA (p&lt;0.05). In addition, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis further revealed an independent relationship between moderate OSA (15&lt;AHI≤30) and more so between severe OSA (AHI&gt;30) and, NCP volume, LD-NCP volume, NCP composition, and LD-NCP composition, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, compared to no or mild OSA (AHI&lt;15) (all with a p&lt;0.05). Moderate-severe OSA conferred a similar odds ratio for LD-NCPs (a high-risk plaque) as the usual cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, OSA severity was associated with high-risk plaque features independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Support This study was supported by NSFC (Project 81870335), International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No.2015DFA30160), Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. Z141100006014057)

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