scholarly journals Mental disorders following electrical injuries—A register-based, matched cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247317
Author(s):  
Karin Biering ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
Anette Kærgaard ◽  
Ole Carstensen ◽  
Kent J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Introduction Electrical injuries happen every day in homes and workplaces. Not only may these injuries cause physical damage and disability, they may also cause mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate if persons with an electrical injury suffer from mental disorders in the following years. Material and methods In a prospective matched cohort design, we identified 14.112 electrical injuries in two Danish registries and matched these with persons with dislocation/sprain injuries or eye injuries, respectively, as well as with persons from the workforce from the same occupation, using year of injury, sex and age as matching variables. We identified possible outcomes in terms of mental diagnoses in the Danish National Patient registry, based on literature, including reviews, original studies and case-reports as well as experiences from clinical praxis. The associations were analyzed using conditional cox- and logistic regression. Results We found that the following of the examined outcomes were associated with exposure to an electrical injury compared to the matched controls. Some of the outcomes showed the strongest associations shortly after the injury, namely ‘mental disorders due to known physiological condition’, ‘anxiety and adjustment disorders’, and especially the ‘Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)’ subgroup. The same pattern was seen for ‘Depression’ although the associations were weaker. Other conditions took time to develop (‘Somatoform disorders’), or were only present in the time to event analysis (‘other non-psychotic mental disorders’ and ‘sleep disorders’). The findings were consistent in all three matches, with the highest risk estimates in the occupation match. Conclusion Electrical injuries may result in mental disorders, both acute and several years after. However, the absolute risk is limited as most of the outcomes are rare.

scholarly journals Unspecified pain and other soft tissue disorders following electrical injuries: a register-based matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Hoegh Poulsen ◽  
Ole Carstensen ◽  
Anette Kærgaard ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
Kent J. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Abstract Objective This study investigates whether individuals who have sustained an electrical injury (EI) are diagnosed with unspecified pain or pain related to the musculoskeletal system in the years following the injury. Methods Individuals listed in Danish registers as having sustained EIs were matched for sex, age, and year of injury in a cohort study with individuals having experienced dislocations/sprains (match 1), eye injuries (match 2), and a sample of individuals with the same occupation without a history of electrical injuries (match 3). Outcomes were unspecified pain and unspecified soft tissue disorders. Conditional logistic regression and conditional Cox regression were applied. Results We identified 14,112 individuals who sustained EIs. A higher risk of both outcomes was observed for all three matches, and was highest at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The risk of both outcomes was considerably higher for match 3. Conclusions This study confirms that exposure to EIs increases the risk of being diagnosed with unspecified pain or unspecified soft tissue disorders both at short and long terms. Our results also showed that the risk of unspecified pain as sequelae is related to the severity of the injury.

scholarly journals Schizoaffective Disorder That Is Induced By Electrical Voltage That Is Treated with Risperidone

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2667-2670
Author(s):  
Ihsan Fadhilah ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrical Injuries

BACKGROUND: Electricity is a necessity for humans to carry out their daily activities, wherein modern times there are many human life support devices require electricity that makes humans depend on their existence, it cannot be denied that electricity is the energy needed by humans in everything that supports human activities, that increased injury due to electric shocks such as the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, cutaneous injuries, burns, neurotransmitter system and death. Psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, mania, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, conversion disorder, adjustment disorders and schizophrenia have been reported as diseases triggered by electrical injuries. CASE REPORT: This study reports cases of electrical injuries that cause psychotic symptoms such as schizophrenia. After low voltage electrical injury. A 20 years old male, Malay, Indonesian, graduated from high school, worked, unmarried, a history of psychiatric disorders was not found, family history of experiencing the same disease was not found. Reported to have suffered an injury due to electricity twice the first injury occurred, and caused a change in behaviour and emotions, and the second injury caused obvious psychotic symptoms, aggressive behaviour and mood enhancement. A brief review of the literature on the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in these injuries is also presented. CONCLUSION: Electrical injuries can cause sequelae such as psychotic disorders, the increased mood has occurred after an electrical injury in someone without prior mood disorders and personality. This is associated with circulatory hormone changes that occur in the hippocampus.

Shame, dissociative seizures and their correlation among traumatised female Yazidi with experience of sexual violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ilhan Kizilhan ◽  
Florian Steger ◽  
Michael Noll-Hussong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Somatisation Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Seizures

BackgroundSurvivors of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) captivity are at high risk of developing mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsThis study looks at the correlation between sexual abuse, shame, somatoform or bodily distress disorders, and dissociative seizures (psychogenic non-epileptic seizures).MethodThe psychological effects of traumatic events and dissociative seizure were assessed in Yazidi women who were held captive by ISIS in Northern Iraq between 2014 and 2018. These effects were examined comparing 64 women who were held captive and sexually abused by ISIS with 60 women suffering from PTSD who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Structured clinical-psychological interviews and established psychometric questionnaires were used to assess mental disorders especially dissociative seizures and somatoform disorders, and shame related to trauma.ResultsWomen who were held captive by ISIS showed a significantly higher prevalence of dissociative seizures (43.7%; P = 0.02) and somatisation disorder (38.7%; P = 0.02), as well as depressive (75.0%; P = 0.42) and anxiety disorders (62.5%; P = 0.44), than women who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Dissociative disorders were identified in 40.6% (P = 0.36) of those female Yazidi who experienced sexual violence while being held captive.ConclusionsShame in connection with sexual violence seems to play an important role in negative self-perception after rape. Dissociation not only plays an important role in unprocessed childhood trauma with feelings of shame, but also in more recent trauma experiences with shame.

scholarly journals Bilateral upper limb amputations in victims of high tension electrical injuries: Three case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajetan Nwadinigwe ◽  
Obidiche S. Olewe
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Bilateral upper limb amputations result in severe disability. High voltage electrical injury is a rare cause of such an outcome and injuries often occur as occupational hazards. We present three case reports of accidental high voltage injuries that occurred in a non-occupational setting. Victims were all initially managed at other centres before referral to our hospital and all subsequently had bilateral upper limb amputations. The high cost of treatment, importance of prevention, and need for rehabilitation are highlighted.

Contacts with general practitioner, sick leave and work participation after electrical injuries: a register-based, matched cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Karin Biering ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
Kent Jacob Nielsen ◽  
Ole Carstensen ◽  
Anette Kærgaard
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Electrical Injuries

ObjectiveExposure to electrical current may cause injury with both mental and physiological consequences. This may lead to increased contacts with general practitioners (GP) and the injured person may develop reduced ability to work. We aimed to examine these outcomes in terms of work-participation, long-term sick leave and contacts with GPs.MethodsIn a matched cohort design, we identified 14 112 electrical injuries in two registries and matched these with both patients with distorsion injuries or eye injuries, and with persons from the same occupation, using year of injury, sex and age for matching. We defined the outcomes based on register information regarding contacts with GPs and public transfer income. After the injury, we determined if the person had a long-term sick leave episode during the first 6, 12 months and 5 years. We calculated work participation during the year and 5 years and the number of GP contacts in the year of the injury, the year after and 5 years after the injury and dichotomised this at twice the mean number of contacts in the study population. The associations were analysed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe found increased risk for all defined outcomes, with the highest estimates in the occupation match. The risk estimates were similar over time. Adjusting for previous work participation increased the estimates slightly, whereas adjusting for previous contacts with GPs reduced the estimates. Restricting to those with at longer hospitalisation increased the estimates.ConclusionElectrical injuries increase risk of long-term sick leave, low work participation and increased contacts with GPs.

scholarly journals TERT rs2736100 and TERC rs16847897 genotypes moderate the association between internalizing mental disorders and accelerated telomere length attrition among HIV+ children and adolescents in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Kalungi ◽  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Jacqueline S. Womersley ◽  
Moses L. Joloba ◽  
Wilber Ssembajjwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Component Gene

Abstract Background Internalizing mental disorders (IMDs) (depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder) have been associated with accelerated telomere length (TL) attrition; however, this association has not been investigated in the context of genetic variation that has been found to influence TL. We have previously reported an association between IMDs and accelerated TL attrition among Ugandan HIV+ children and adolescents. This study investigated the moderating effects of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) (rs2736100, rs7726159, rs10069690 and rs2853669) and the telomerase RNA component gene (TERC) (rs12696304, rs16847897 and rs10936599) on the association between IMDs and TL, among Ugandan HIV+ children (aged 5–11 years) and adolescents (aged 12–17 years). Results We found no significant interaction between IMDs as a group and any of the selected SNPs on TL at baseline. We observed significant interactions of IMDs with TERT rs2736100 (p = 0.007) and TERC rs16847897 (p = 0.012), respectively, on TL at 12 months. Conclusions TERT rs2736100 and TERC rs16847897 moderate the association between IMDs and TL among Ugandan HIV+ children and adolescents at 12 months. Understanding the nature of this association may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying advanced cellular aging in IMDs.

Severe Injury and Death Associated With Home Infant Cardiorespiratory Monitors

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-779
Author(s):  
Murray L. Katcher ◽  
Mary Melvin Shapiro ◽  
Connie Guist
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Home Monitor ◽  
Injury Control ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Five cases of electrical injury to young children caused by misuse of components of home cardiorespiratory monitors are reported. The injuries, which included one electrocution, occurred when partially or completely disconnected electrode wires were inserted, by an older monitored child or preschool-aged sibling, into a live power cord or an uncovered wall outlet. Anticipatory guidance of home monitor users should emphasize potential electrical injuries and appropriate injury-control behaviors.

Neurological associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaan Javed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Reported Data

Background: The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled us to scrutinize major outbreaks in the past two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), in 2012. We aimed to assess the associated neurological manifestations with SARS CoV-2 infection. Methods: In this systematic review, a search was carried out by key-electronic databases, controlled vocabulary, and indexing of trials to evaluate the available pertinent studies which included both medical subject headings (MeSH) and advance electronic databases comprising of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Peer-reviewed studies published in English and Spanish were considered which reported data on the neurological associations of individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes were nervous signs or symptoms; symptom severity; and diagnoses. Findings: Our search identified 45 relevant studies, with 21 case reports, 3 case series, 9 observational studies, 1 retrospective study, 9 retrospective reviews, and 2 prospective reviews. This systematic review revealed that most commonly reported neuronal presentations involved headache, nausea, vomiting and muscular symptoms like fibromyalgia. Anosmia and ageusia, defects in clarity or sharpness of vision (error in visual acuity), and pain may occur in parallel. Notable afflictions in the form of anxiety, anger, confusion, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and post-intensive care syndrome were observed in individuals who were kept in quarantine and those with long-stay admissions in healthcare settings. SARS CoV-2 infection may result in cognitive impairment. Patients with more severe infection exhibited uncommon manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (intracerebral haemorrhage, stroke), rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome. Interpretation: SARS-CoV-2 patients experience neuronal presentations varying with the progression of the infection. Healthcare professionals should be acquainted with the divergent neurological symptoms and to curb misdiagnosis and limit long term sequelae. Health-care planners and policymakers must prepare for this eventuality, while the ongoing studies increase our knowledge base on acute and chronic neurological associations of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Caesar in Vietnam: Did Roman Soldiers Suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISLINN MELCHIOR
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) made its first appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980, partly as a result of the ongoing treatment of veterans from the Vietnam War. Although PTSD is not only or even primarily a disorder caused by combat, combat is a regular trigger and my chief concern in what follows. Therefore I will not be examining such evidence as exists for the psychological traumas of civilians in the ancient world who were exposed to violence, rape, enslavement, or the execution of family members in the context of conquest. My focus is on the soldier.

A Pilot Study of Phenelzine in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davidson ◽  
J. Ingram Walker ◽  
Clinton Kilts
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Traumatic Disorder

In recent years, there has been renewed appreciation of the morbidity which can result from unusual or overwhelming stress and while many situations can give rise to post-traumatic disorder, the most frequently studied of these is probably military combat. Psychiatric disorder pursuant to combat experience can not only become chronic, but may intensify with advancing age, decades after the original trauma (Archibald & Tuddenbaum, 1965; Wilmer, 1982). Moreover, a high percentage of combat veterans are believed ultimately to develop chronic psychiatric morbidity (Walker & Cavenar, 1982). The drug treatment of such post-traumatic states remains an important question, largely over looked until the last 2 years but recent case reports suggest that doxepin and imipramine (White, 1983; Burstein, 1984) are beneficial in treating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may be either combat or non-combat related. Hogben & Cornfield (1981) described five veterans whose PTSD improved when treated with phenelzine, while Van der Kolk (1983) has described beneficial results with antidepressants, lithium, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and neuroleptics in uncontrolled studies of PTSD.

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