scholarly journals The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248722
Author(s):  
Vicka Oktaria ◽  
Margaret Danchin ◽  
Rina Triasih ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Julie E. Bines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency. Methods From 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence. Results At study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70–4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04–19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants. Conclusion ARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhava Vijayakumar ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia ◽  
Biju George
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.

scholarly journals Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Hribar ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Matej Gregorič ◽  
Urška Blaznik ◽  
Katja Zaletel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Several studies conducted around the world showed substantial vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among different population groups. Sources of vitamin D in the human body include ultraviolet B (UVB)-light-induced biosynthesis and dietary intake, but people’s diets are often poor in vitamin D. Furthermore, in many regions, sun exposure and the intensity of UVB irradiation during wintertime are not sufficient for vitamin D biosynthesis. In Slovenia, epidemiological data about vitamin D status in the population were investigated through a national Nutrihealth study—an extension to the national dietary survey SI.Menu (2017/18). The study was conducted on a representative sample of 125 adult (18–64 years) and 155 elderly (65–74 years old) subjects, enrolled in the study in different seasons. Their vitamin D status was determined by measuring the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 25(OH)D levels below 30 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Altogether, 24.9% of the adults and 23.5% of the elderly were found to be vitamin D deficient, while an insufficient status was found in 58.2% and 62.9%, respectively. A particularly concerning situation was observed during extended wintertime (November–April); vitamin D deficiency was found in 40.8% and 34.6%, and insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 81.6% and 78.8%, respectively. The results of the study showed high seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D levels in both the adult and elderly population, with deficiency being especially pronounced during wintertime. The prevalence of this deficiency in Slovenia is among the highest in Europe and poses a possible public health risk that needs to be addressed with appropriate recommendations and/or policy interventions.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D with adiposity measures and other determinants in a cross-sectional study of Cypriot adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ourania Kolokotroni ◽  
Anna Papadopoulou ◽  
Panayiotis K Yiallouros ◽  
Vasilios Raftopoulos ◽  
Christiana Kouta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo assess vitamin D status among Cypriot adolescents and investigate potential determinants including BMI and body fat percentage (BF%).DesignParticipants had cross-sectional assessments of serum vitamin D, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure. Linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of vitamin D with potential predictors.SettingHospitals, Cyprus, November 2007–May 2008.SubjectsAdolescents (n 671) aged 16–18 years.ResultsMean serum vitamin D was 22·90 (sd 6·41) ng/ml. Only one in ten children had sufficient levels of vitamin D (≥30 ng/ml), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (12–20 ng/ml) and severe deficiency (<12 ng/ml) was 31·7 % and 4·0 %, respectively. Lower vitamin D was associated with winter and spring season, female gender, reduced sun exposure in winter and darker skin. Participants with highest BMI and BF% when compared with a middle reference group had increased adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 3·00; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·45 and OR = 5·02; 95 % CI 1·80, 13·97, respectively). A similar pattern, although not as strong, was shown for vitamin D deficiency with BF% (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI 1·04, 3·16) and BMI (OR = 1·51; 95 % CI 0·85, 2·67). Participants in the lowest BMI and BF% groups also displayed compromised vitamin D status, suggesting a U-shaped association.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency in adolescence is very prevalent in sunny Cyprus, particularly among females, those with darker skin and those with reduced sun exposure in winter. Furthermore, vitamin D status appears to have a U-shaped association with adiposity measures.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes about vitamin D and sunlight exposure in premenopausal women living in Jeddah, and their relationship with serum vitamin D levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani A. Zareef ◽  
Robert T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Abstract Background Saudi women are at risk of vitamin D deficiency because they are fully covered by traditional clothing and because of their indoor lifestyle. The latest national study reported that vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) affects 72% of young Saudi women. Because little information is available regarding knowledge on vitamin D, attitudes toward sun exposure, and the vitamin D status of premenopausal women in Jeddah, more research is necessary in order to develop effective intervention programs. The purpose of this study is to explore how the relationship between knowledge of vitamin D and attitudes about sun exposure affect the serum 25(OH)D levels in premenopausal Saudi women. Methods This cross-sectional study included 257 women aged 20–50 years attending the primary care clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires about socio-demographics, dietary vitamin D intake, attitudes toward sun exposure, and were tested on their knowledge of vitamin D. Serum 25(OH)D was evaluated using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Results Although 99% of participants had heard of vitamin D and 91% knew that sunlight exposure is a primary source of vitamin D, they also expressed the feeling of having insufficient knowledge regarding vitamin D sources. Furthermore, the majority of participants had negative attitudes toward sun exposure. High fish consumption was associated with a higher level of knowledge regarding vitamin D. The binary logistic regression indicated that low levels of knowledge about vitamin D were associated with low education levels (odds ratio = 0.397, 95% CI = [0.206, 0.765], p = 0.019) and with being married (odds ratio = 0.522, 95% CI = [0.281, 0.971], p = 0.04). In addition, spending time outside in the sun was significantly associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.006), and the wearing of colored abaya was significantly associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.008). Conclusion Suboptimal vitamin D status and insufficient knowledge of vitamin D intake sources are common in premenopausal women in Jeddah. Based on this data, health professionals could provide medical intervention to the most vulnerable female patients, as well as offer clear guidelines and information to the general public.

Study of Vitamin D Status among Postmenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Nithya P Jayakumar ◽  
Bharathi Rao ◽  
Nikil Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

ABSTRACT Aims To evaluate vitamin D, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus levels in postmenopausal women attending gynecology outpatient department in Lady Goschen and Kasturba Medical College Attavar hospitals. Objective To study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the studied group. To correlate vitamin D levels with diet and environmental factors. Materials and methods The study was conducted in 100 postmenopausal women attending Lady Goschen hospital and Kasturba Medical College Attavar hospital, Mangaluru. It was a hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study conducted over the period between August 2014 and June 2016. Levels of vitamin D and serum calcium and phosphorus were assessed in them. Results A total of 11% were found to have vitamin D deficiency, 38 and 48% had insufficient levels and sufficient levels of vitamin D respectively, 53% had normal levels of serum calcium, and 47% had inadequate levels. About 70% were found to have normal levels of serum phosphorus and 24% had inadequate levels. Dietary intake was found to be inadequate in 61% of the studied population. Serum calcium and phosphorus deficiency had significant corelation with vitamin D deficiency. Also significant corelation was noted with sun exposure and dietary intake in relation to vitamin D. No corelation was established between hypertension, diabetes and vitamin D. Conclusion This study helped us to assess basal levels of vitamin D, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus among postmenopausal women, giving us an idea regarding prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among South Indian postmenopausal women. We should consider counseling all postmenopausal patients regarding the benefit of vitamin D supplementation, adequate dietary intake, and sun exposure. How to cite this article Jayakumar NP, Rao B, Shetty N. Study of Vitamin D Status among Postmenopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2017;5(1):28-34.

scholarly journals Sun exposure, dressing habits, and vitamin D status in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01097
Author(s):  
Sakhr Dadda ◽  
Karima Azekour ◽  
Fouzia Sebbari ◽  
Brahim El Houate ◽  
Bachir El Bouhali
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Daily Sunshine ◽  
Local Healthcare

Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D. Almost 80% of vitamin D3 is produced in the skin. The region of Draa Tafilalet benefits from long daily sunshine time. As such, vitamin D deficiency should be low in this region. However, dressing habits can highly influence vitamin D status. This study aimed to evaluate sun exposure and its relation to vitamin D status among the general population in the region of Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco. Clinical, biological, and sociodemographic data were obtained from 331 adults visiting local healthcare units during the summers of 2019 and 2020. Plasma 25(OH)D2/D3 was measured by immunofluorescence. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 37.5%, while Vitamin D insufficiency represented 56.5%. Most of the studied population (76.4%) had restricting dressing habits and exposed only their faces. statistic tests showed a correlation of vitamin D levels with daily sun exposure (r= 0.308, p<0.001), dressing habits (p<0.001), age (r= -0.141, p=0.01), sex (p<0.001), physical activity level (p=0.003), and BMI (r= -0.298, p<0.001). The study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this region. Similarly, it exposed the effects of restricting clothes and low daily sun exposure on vitamin D status.

scholarly journals Predictors and correlates of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young women: results from the Safe-D study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T. Callegari ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
Alexandra Gorelik ◽  
Nicola J. Reavley ◽  
John D. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern. Studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) determinants in young women are limited and few include objective covariates. Our aims were to define the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and examine serum 25(OH)D correlates in an exploratory study of women aged 16–25 years. We studied 348 healthy females living in Victoria, Australia, recruited through Facebook. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem MS, relevant serum biochemistry, soft tissue composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skin melanin density, Fitzpatrick skin type, sun exposure using UV dosimeters and lifestyle factors. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 68 (sd27) nmol/l and 26 % were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). The final model explained 56 % of 25(OH)D variance. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, creatinine levels, sun exposure measured by UV dosimeters, a positive attitude towards sun tanning, typically spending >2 h in the sun in summer daily, holidaying in the most recent summer period, serum Fe levels, height and multivitamin use were positively associated with 25(OH)D. Fat mass and a blood draw in any season except summer was inversely associated with 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in young women. Factors such as hormonal contraception, sun exposure and sun-related attitudes, as well as dietary supplement use are essential to consider when assessing vitamin D status. Further investigation into methods to safely optimise vitamin D status and to improve understanding of the impact of vitamin D status on long-term health outcomes is required.

Association of vitamin D and multiple sclerosis in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekha Pandit ◽  
Sreeram V Ramagopalan ◽  
Chaithra Malli ◽  
Anitha D’Cunha ◽  
Ramya Kunder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in India. The association between vitamin D status and multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been previously studied in Indians. Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with MS in India. Methods: In this study 110 MS patients and 108 matched controls were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 63 patients in relapse, 77 patients in remission and all controls. Quantity of sun exposure in childhood and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Patients and controls were genotyped for HLA-DRB1*1501. Results: Patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than matched controls ( p = 0.003), and patients in relapse had a significantly lower vitamin D level as compared to those in remission ( p = 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/l) was seen in a higher proportion of cases (71.8%) than controls (53.7%) ( p = 0.01). Higher quartiles of vitamin D (> 58 nmol/l) showed an inverse relationship with MS (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.11–0.68, p= 0.005). This effect persisted after adjusting for sun exposure. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that serum 25(OH)D shows an inverse relationship with MS in the Indian population. Reverse causality cannot be excluded.

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