scholarly journals Assessing attitudes to ED-based HIV testing: Development of a short-structured survey instrument

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252372
Author(s):  
Aditi Rao ◽  
Emily M. Nagourney ◽  
Victoria H. Chen ◽  
Sarah Hill ◽  
Eili Y. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Survey Instruments

Introduction Emergency Department (ED)-based HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has had a significant impact on improving rates of HIV diagnosis and linkage to care. Unfortunately, expansion of this strategy to low- and middle-income countries has been limited. Successful implementation of ED-based HCT is dependent on patient and provider acceptance of the intervention, and their attitudes and pre-existing biases towards the disease. This study sought to develop validated survey instruments to assess attitudes towards ED-based HCT. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed patients and providers in three EDs in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. A convenience sample of patients and providers in the ED were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using questions on attitudes to HIV testing to develop validated survey instruments. An ANOVA test assessed variance in attitudes towards HCT based on demographic variables collected. Results A total of 104 patient and 132 provider surveys were completed. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 17- and 7-question attitudes survey for patients and providers, respectively. Overall, 92.3% of patients and 70.7% of providers supported ED-based HCT, however, both groups displayed only mildly positive attitudes. Questions representing ‘confidentiality’ and ‘stigma around HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on patients’ overall attitudes. Questions representing ‘comfort with HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on providers’ overall attitudes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated ED patients and providers are generally supportive of ED-based HCT. A validated survey instrument was able to provide a standardized approach to identify barriers to HCT implementation in an ED setting, across contexts. For successful implementation, behavioral interventions must focus on strengthening patient beliefs around confidentiality and the consent process, and providers’ comfort levels with providing HIV testing services in the ED.

scholarly journals Neurology Health Advocacy Curriculum: Needs Assessment, Curricular Content and Underlying Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rida Abuzinadah ◽  
Lara Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Advocacy ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
University Of Calgary ◽  
Instrument Reliability

AbstractBackground: Lack of a health advocacy curriculum and clarity are obstacles for effectively teaching neurology health advocacy (NHA) to neurology residents. Our purpose is to assess the need and develop content for a NHA curriculum and to describe its underlying components. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with two steps. In step one, neurologists and neurology residents at University of Calgary were surveyed about their perception of teaching NHA and asked to rank 56 neurological diseases on a Likert scale based on how well they lend themselves to teaching health advocacy. In step two, curricular items were developed for the top five neurological diseases, using a modified Delphi procedure. The reliability of the survey instrument was determined by Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying components of NHA. Results: Forty-six neurologists and 14 neurology residents were surveyed, with a response rate of 88.33%. Fifty-six percent of neurologists and 85% of residents believe that NHA curriculum is needed. The top five neurological presentations, that lend themselves easily to teaching NHA were: stroke/transient ischemic attacks, alcoholism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The survey instrument reliability was 0.97. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors that can explain the variability in the survey instrument: multidisciplinary approach to neurological disorders, prevention of recurrence of neurological disease, collaboration with other medical subspecialties, and communication with professions outside the medical field. Conclusion: Neurologists’ and residents’ responses support that NHA curriculum is needed. Four components of NHA were identified that can be used for teaching NHA as well as health advocacy in general practice.

Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction in the Digital Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Hamed Taherdoost
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Online Business

Internet has become an important tool to deliver products, information, and services. Thus, customer satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a significant aspect of online business activities and is considered as a key determinant for successful digital services. Furthermore, since keeping current customers is more profitable than acquiring new clients, it is vital to gain customer satisfaction to achieve organizational goals. This introduces a new requirement to measure customer satisfaction as a factor for continuous business improvement. Therefore, there is a clear need for a theoretical survey instrument that integrates all aspects of customer satisfaction in the digital environment. The chapter responds to this need by its exploratory nature. In the first step, exploratory analysis is used to extract all customer satisfaction dimensions. Then, the exploratory factor analysis is used to cluster the factors effectively; thereby, further analysis including content validity, discriminate, and constructive testing is used to test the proposed survey instrument.

scholarly journals Patients’ views on the implementation of artificial intelligence in radiology: development and validation of a standardized questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yfke P. Ongena ◽  
Marieke Haan ◽  
Derya Yakar ◽  
Thomas C. Kwee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Five Factors

Abstract Objectives The patients’ view on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology is still mainly unexplored territory. The aim of this article is to develop and validate a standardized patient questionnaire on the implementation of AI in radiology. Methods Six domains derived from a previous qualitative study were used to develop a questionnaire, and cognitive interviews were used as pretest method. One hundred fifty-five patients scheduled for CT, MRI, and/or conventional radiography filled out the questionnaire. To find underlying latent variables, we used exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and oblique promax rotation. Internal consistency of the factors was measured with Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors on AI in radiology: (1) distrust and accountability (overall, patients were moderately negative on this subject), (2) procedural knowledge (patients generally indicated the need for their active engagement), (3) personal interaction (overall, patients preferred personal interaction), (4) efficiency (overall, patients were ambiguous on this subject), and (5) being informed (overall, scores on these items were not outspoken within this factor). Internal consistency was good for three factors (1, 2, and 3), and acceptable for two (4 and 5). Conclusions This study yielded a viable questionnaire to measure acceptance among patients of the implementation of AI in radiology. Additional data collection with confirmatory factor analysis may provide further refinement of the scale. Key Points • Although AI systems are increasingly developed, not much is known about patients’ views on AI in radiology. • Since it is important that newly developed questionnaires are adequately tested and validated, we did so for a questionnaire measuring patients’ views on AI in radiology, revealing five factors. • Successful implementation of AI in radiology requires assessment of social factors such as subjective norms towards the technology.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Gender Invariance of the Revised IRMA Scale in Nigeria

Affilia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday B. Fakunmoju ◽  
Tina Abrefa-Gyan ◽  
Ntandoyenkosi Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Research scales developed in one society are often validated in another society to determine the factor structure and measurement equivalence of the scales. Using a convenience sample of 378 respondents from two cross-sectional studies, the present analyses examined confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and gender invariance in the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) Scale in Nigeria. Specifically, the analyses examined whether the scale holds similar factor structure, whether the latent means can be compared, and whether respondents interpreted items similarly or ascribed the same meaning to them across gender. Based on the analyses, CFA results validated the hypothesized multidimensional four-factor structure of IRMA, namely, “she asked for it,” “he didn’t mean to,” “it wasn’t really rape,” and “she lied.” Similarly, the IRMA measurement was invariant (partial scalar invariance) across gender, suggesting that men and women interpreted IRMA’s items and constructs similarly. Results of an independent-samples t test suggested that women were more likely than men to reject the myth that female victim of rape “lied.” In general, preliminary findings indicated that IRMA is suitable for research on rape myths in Nigeria. Knowledge generated from its use may enhance understanding of rape myths, rape-supportive behaviors, and rape prevention and victim intervention programs.

scholarly journals A Model Of The Underlying Philosophy And Criteria For Effective Implementation Of Performance Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Whitford ◽  
W. J. Coetsee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Effective Implementation

The objective of this study was to develop a model that assists organisations in implementing performance management effectively. A model describing the philosophical paradigm underpinning best practice in performance management and the criteria for effective implementation of performance management was developed. The sample used in this study was a convenience sample of 615 employees. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three reliable philosophical dimensions. Moderate correlations were found between the three dimensions and some of the implementation criteria.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy scale for the establishment of good relationships with families in neonatal and pediatric hospital settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Cascaes Cruz ◽  
Margareth Angelo ◽  
Bernardo Pereira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy Scale for the Establishment of Good Relationships with Families in Neonatal and Pediatric Hospital Settings. METHOD Methodological study grounded on self-efficacy theory was conducted in three phases: conceptual and operational definition (review of the literature and interviews with the target population), content validity (opinion of five experts e three clinical nurses), and exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability (cross-sectional survey with a valid sample of 194 nurses). RESULTS A ten-point Likert scale with 40-item was designed and one item was excluded after review by experts. Three factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha for all items was 0.983 with item-total correlations in the range 0.657 to 0.847. Cronbach's alpha value if item deleted were less than or equal to 0.983. CONCLUSION The final version of the scale demonstrated psychometric adequacy. It is a useful tool to be administered in the clinical, educational and research nursing fields to measure nurses’ self-efficacy beliefs concerning the establishment of good relationships with families.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Occupational Back Pain Prevention Behaviors Questionnaire in nursing personnel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Somayeh Kazemi ◽  
Sedigheh-Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Alireza Hidarnia ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background: Occupational back pain is the most prevalent health problem among nurses and needs to be assessed by a valid and multi-factorial questionnaire. The purpose of the present study was to design and develop an instrument based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for assessing job-related behaviors that cause low back pain. Methods: First an item pool of 49 items was generated. Then, content and face validity was carried out. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Mazandaran, Iran. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure of the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha was estimated to assess the reliability and the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine stability. Results: In all 155 nurses participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 34.1 (SD = 7.66) years, and 83.2% were female. Six factors with 30 items emerged from the exploratory factor analysis: knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, reinforcing factors, enabling factors and behavior that jointly accounted for %66.5 of behavior change variance observed. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (alpha=0.92). The intraclass correlation coefficient with 2-weeks interval also indicated that the questionnaire has satisfactory stability (ICC = 0.97). Conclusions: The findings showed that the Occupational Back Pain Prevention Behavior Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring occupational back pain and prevention behaviors among nurses. Keywords: Occupational Back Pain, Prevention behaviors, Psychometric evaluation, PRECEDE-PROCEED model, Nurse

scholarly journals Validación de un instrumento para evaluar el componente comunitario de la estrategia de atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia (AIEPI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-192
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hernández-Escolar ◽  
Cristina Bohórquez Moreno ◽  
Sandra Mondragón- Bohórquez
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factorization Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sphericity Test ◽  
Basic Sanitation

Objetivo: Validar un instrumento para evaluar el componente comunitario, de la estrategia de atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia (AIEPI). Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo, el cual buscó hallar la validez de constructo de la encuesta SIAC utilizada para medir AIEPI comunitario, mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio, el cual redujo el número de ítems que explicaban los constructos; participaron 120 madres adolescentes de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. La validación de constructo se realizó a través del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, con el método de Factores Principales, se utilizó la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett y la medida de la adecuación muestral de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (Coeficiente KMO) mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22.0. Resultados. De acuerdo a los valores obtenidos en los dominios 1 (saneamiento básico), 3 (lactancia materna y alimentación complementaria), 4 (inmunizaciones), 5 (signos de alarma), 11 (cuidado de la mujer gestante) y 13 (SIDA), se procedió a aplicar el método de factorización por ejes principales. En el dominio 7 (prevención de accidentes) se realizó el método de factorización por componentes principales. Conclusiones: La encuesta SIAC mantuvo en los 7 dominios buenos niveles de validez después del cambio, se hace necesario evaluar los puntos de corte que permitan un diagnóstico más sensible y específico del grado de apropiación y aplicación de las practicas clave de la estrategia AIEPI, por parte de los cuidadores de los niños y niñas menores de 5 años. Objective: Validate an instrument to evaluate the community component of the integrated care strategy for prevalent childhood diseases (IMCI).Method: descriptive cross-sectional study, which sought to find the construct validity of the SIAC survey specified to measure community IMCI, through an exploratory factor analysis, which reduces the number of items that explained the constructs; 120 teenage mothers from the city of Cartagena, Colombia participated. The construction validation was carried out through the Exploratory Factor Analysis, with the Main Factors method, the Bartlett sphericity test and the measurement of the sampling adequacy of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO coefficient) were performed using the SPSS statistical package. version 22.0.Results: According to the values obtained in domains 1 (basic sanitation), 3 (breastfeeding and complementary feeding), 4 (immunizations), 5 (warning signs), 11 (care of pregnant women) and 13 (AIDS), the main axis factorization method was applied. In domain 7 (accident prevention) the principal component factorization method was performed.Conclusions: the SIAC survey maintained good levels of validity after the change in the 7 domains, it is necessary to evaluate the cut-off points that allow a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of the degree of appropriation and application of the key practices of the IMCI strategy, for part of the caregivers of children under 5 years Objetivo: validar um instrumento para avaliar o componente comunitário da estratégia de atendimento integrado para doenças prevalentes na infância (AIDPI). Método: estudo descritivo transversal, que buscou encontrar a validade de construto da pesquisa SIAC especificada para mensurar o IMCI da comunidade, por meio de uma análise fatorial exploratória, que reduz o número de itens que explicam os construtos; Participaram 120 mães adolescentes da cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia. A validação da construção foi realizada através da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com o método dos Principais Fatores, o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett e a medição da adequação da amostra de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (coeficiente KMO), utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS. versão 22.0. Resultados: De acordo com os valores obtidos nos domínios 1 (saneamento básico), 3 (aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar), 4 (imunizações), 5 (sinais de alerta), 11 (assistência a gestantes) e 13 (AIDS), o principal eixo método de fatoração foi aplicado. No domínio 7 (prevenção de acidentes), foi realizado o método de fatoração do componente principal. Conclusões: a pesquisa do SIAC manteve bons níveis de validade após a mudança nos 7 domínios, é necessário avaliar os pontos de corte que permitem um diagnóstico mais sensível e específico do grau de apropriação e aplicação das principais práticas da AIDPI. estratégia, para parte dos cuidadores de crianças menores de 5 anos

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Cancer attitude inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Alireza Shoghli ◽  
Tahereh Pashaei ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Attitude Inventory

Abstract Background The Cancer Attitude inventory (CAI) was developed to measure attitudes toward cancer. The aim of the present study was to describe the development of the Persian version of the CAI and to evaluate its psychometric properties in an Iranian sample. Methods The forward–backward method was used to translate the CAI scale from English into Persian. After linguistic validation and a pilot check, a cross-sectional study was performed and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the questionnaire were assessed. The scale validation was conducted with a convenience sample of 820 laypeople. Construct validity was assessed through both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha analysis and test-retest analysis. Results Five factors were identified in CAI: isolation, helplessness, fear of consequence, belief of control and independence, and fear of death. The results achieved from the CFA displayed that the data fit the model: the relative chi-square (× 2/df) = 2.98 (p < .001), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .07 (90% CI = .06—.07). All comparative indices of the model had scores greater than .80, demonstrating a good fit to the data. Cronbach’s Alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were .97, which is well above the acceptable threshold. Conclusions The results indicate that the Persian version of the CAI is practical, reliable and valid. Consequently, the instrument could be used in plans to create positive attitudes about cancer control and treatment among Persian people.

scholarly journals Testing Two Student Nurse Stress Instruments in Chinese Nursing Students: A Comparative Study Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yiru Zhu ◽  
Yanjin Liu ◽  
Lina Guo ◽  
Martyn C. Jones ◽  
Yuanli Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Student Nurse ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. The development and transformation of nursing within professional tertiary education have exerted a great pressure and challenge upon nursing students. Stress experienced by nursing students is a common precursor of psychological distress and attrition. However, no scale is specifically used to evaluate the sources of stress experienced by nursing students in Mainland China. Aims and Objective. This study is aimed at testing and comparing the reliability and validity including sensitivity and specificity of two nursing students’ stress instruments, the Chinese version of Student Nurse Stress Index Scale (SNSI-CHI), and the Stressors in Student Nursing Scale (SINS-CN) in Chinese nursing students, and describing the stress status of nursing students in China. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two nursing schools in Henan Province from August 2017 to January 2018. Data were collected by using a questionnaire comprising the Chinese version of SNSI (SNSI-CHI), the Chinese version of SINS (SINS-CN), and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Homogeneity and stability, content, construct and concurrent validity, and sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Results. The Cronbach’s alpha (α) of SNSI-CHI was 0.90, and the item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.35 to 0.66. The Cronbach’s α of SINS-CN was 0.93, and the item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.19 to 0.61. The findings of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) confirmed a good construct validity of SNSI-CHI and SINS-CN. The Pearson’s rank correlation coefficients, between total scores of SNSI-CHI and CPSS and SINS-CN and CPSS, were assessed to 0.38 ( P < 0.01 ) and 0.39 ( P < 0.01 ), respectively. Regarding the CPSS, as the criterion, the cut-points of SNSI-CHI and SINS-CN for the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.77and 0.66, respectively. Conclusion. Both scales are valid and reliable for evaluating the source of stress of student nurses in China. Each has its own characteristics, but the SNSI-CHI demonstrated marginal advantage over the SINS-CN. The SNSI-CHI is short, is easily understood, and with clear dimension for the nursing students, and the SNSI-CHI is more acceptable for the users in China.

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