scholarly journals Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0252929
Author(s):  
Liza Dadone ◽  
Steve Foxworth ◽  
Robert Aruho ◽  
Amy Schilz ◽  
Andrea Joyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Cysts ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Sesamoid Bone ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Angle Measuring ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Free Ranging

Foot health in zoo giraffe has been a topic of recent research, although little is known about the foot health of free-ranging giraffe. This study describes the foot shape and radiographic pathological changes in 27 young adult Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) from a translocation in Uganda (August 2017). Giraffe feet were observed to have a concave sole, the hoof wall was longest by the toe tip, and the weight-bearing surface of the foot was primarily along the periphery of the foot including hoof wall, parts of the heel, and the edge of the sole. Radiographs showed that pedal osteitis and sesamoid bone cysts were relatively uncommon (3/24 giraffe with osteitis, 1/24 giraffe with sesamoid cysts), and that no giraffe in the study had P3 joint osteoarthritis, P3 rotation, or P3 fractures. Radiographs consistently demonstrated a positive palmar/plantar angle with the sole of the hoof thicker at the heel than by the toe tip, with the non weight-bearing palmar/plantar angle measuring 1.6°- 4.3°. This is the first systematic review of foot shape and radiographs in free-ranging giraffe and demonstrates a low prevalence of foot pathologies. This study suggests qualitative differences in foot shape, foot health, radiographic anatomy, and foot pathologies when comparing free-ranging and zoo giraffe. Further research is needed to identify why these differences occur and whether husbandry modifications could help improve zoo giraffe foot health and prevent associated lameness.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

Department of Clarification

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Separate Category

Dr Allen L. Hoekman of Harrison, SD, has written as follows: I would appreciate clarification on an inconsistency I've noticed in William Weston's article, "Dermatoses of the Foot" (PIR 1985;7:45). On page 45 and in Table 2, it says that scabies does not involve the plantar surface of the foot. On page 49, it says that scabies can involve the plantar surface (weight-bearing surface). Please clarify. William L. Weston has replied: I agree with Dr Hoekman that it is confusing in the article as to whether or not the weight-bearing surface of the foot is involved in scabies. Clearly, involvement of the weight-bearing surface of the foot in scabies may occur, although the lesions occur predominantly over the dorsum of the foot and extend onto the ankle. For the purposes of making the algorithm in the article work in a simple manner, scabies was placed in this category to help with rapid diagnosis. However, it is clear that scabies can involve the weight-bearing surface of the foot; involvement of this area does not exclude the diagnosis. The algorithm would have perhaps been better if I had included a separate category for involvement of both the sole and the dorsum of the foot, but I believed this would have made the algorithm too complex.

scholarly journals Evidence for current recommendations concerning the management of foot health for people with chronic long-term conditions: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Edwards ◽  
Alan Borthwick ◽  
Louise McCulloch ◽  
Anthony Redmond ◽  
Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Foot Health

scholarly journals Do weight bearing radiographs estimate the stability of an isolated distal fibula fracture?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0052
Author(s):  
Sohail Yousaf ◽  
Daniel Hay
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
Fibula Fracture ◽  
Stress Radiographs ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Supination External Rotation

Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Differentiating stable isolated fibula fractures consistent with supination external rotation (SER) II ankle fractures from unstable SER IV fractures is essential in determining the need for surgical stabilisation. Stress radiographs are usually required to assess stability including gravity stress views (GSV) and external rotation views (ER). There is no clear consensus as to which modality is most useful to determine stability in a fracture clinic or emergency setting. In last, few years clinical uncertainty about the reliability has led researcher to focus on weight bearing radiographs (WB) .We aim to review recent literature regarding reliability of WB radiographs to estimate the stability of supination external rotation ankle fractures. Methods: A systematic review of the literature relating to radiological assessment of stability of supination external rotation ankle fractures was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. It involved the following steps: Researching the question-Do weight bearing radiographs estimate the stability of an isolated distal fibula fracture? Setting inclusion and exclusion criteria-All English language articles published in the including any Randomised controlled trials (RCT’s) and cohort studies. Data collection)– A literature search of Medline (PubMed), the Cochrane Bone, Joint, and Muscle Trauma Group trial register, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Embase and CINAHL was undertaken. The grey literature was searched. Key terms ‘supination external rotation fracture’, ‘stability’. Other variations to the key words were ‘weight bearing’, “axial load”, ‘stress x-rays’, ‘systematic reviews’ and ‘meta-analysis’. Results: A total of six studies met the inclusion criteria including 601 patients. No previous systematic review on stress radiographs including weight bearing was published. All studies concluded weight bearing radiographs is an easy, pain-free, safe and reliable method to estimate stability of isolated distal fibula fractures. No serious concerns or complications were reported. Conclusion: The evidence base contained many methodological limitations and most of the evidence was either level III or IV, and so any conclusion drawn from the research must be done so with caution. The studies suggest that GSV overestimates the instability which should be assessed with studies should focus on randomized controlled trials with narrow range of clinically useful outcome measures.

scholarly journals Gluteus medius muscle function in people with and without low back pain: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Sadler ◽  
Samuel Cassidy ◽  
Benjamin Peterson ◽  
Martin Spink ◽  
Vivienne Chuter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle

Abstract Introduction Globally, low back pain (LBP) is one of the greatest causes of disability. In people with LBP, dysfunction of muscles such as the gluteus medius have been demonstrated to increase spinal loading and reduce spinal stability. Differences in gluteus medius function have been reported in those with LBP compared to those without, although this has only been reported in individual studies. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if adults with a history, or current LBP, demonstrate differences in measures of gluteus medius function when compared to adults without LBP. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, PubMED, Pro Quest Database, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until December 2018 for published journal articles and conference abstracts. No language restrictions were applied. Only case-control studies with participants 18 years and over were included. Participants could have had any type and duration of LBP. Studies could have assessed gluteus medius function with any quantifiable clinical assessment or measurement tool, with the participant non-weight bearing or weight bearing, and during static or dynamic activity. Quality appraisal and data extraction were independently performed by two authors. Results The 24 included articles involved 1088 participants with LBP and 998 without LBP. The gluteus medius muscle in participants with LBP tended to demonstrate reduced strength and more trigger points compared to the gluteus medius muscle of those without LBP. The level of activity, fatigability, time to activate, time to peak activation, cross sectional area, and muscle thickness showed unclear results. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. Conclusion Clinically, the findings from this systematic review should be considered when assessing and managing patients with LBP. Future studies that clearly define the type and duration of LBP, and prospectively assess gluteus medius muscle function in those with and without LBP are needed. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42017076773).

scholarly journals Long-Term Complications of Appendectomy: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rasmussen ◽  
S. Fonnes ◽  
J. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Incisional Hernia ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background and Aims: Appendectomy is a common surgical procedure, but no overview of the long-term consequences exists. Our aim was to systematically review the long-term complications of appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017064662). The databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched for original reports on appendectomy with n ≥ 500 and follow-up >30 days. The surgical outcomes were ileus and incisional hernia; other outcomes were inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, fertility, and mortality. Results: We included 37 studies. The pooled estimate of the ileus prevalence was 1.0% over a follow-up period of 4.6 (range, 0.5–15) years. Regarding incisional hernia, we found a pooled estimate of 0.7% prevalence within a follow-up period of 6.5 (range, 1.9–10) years. Ulcerative colitis had a pooled estimate of 0.15% prevalence in the appendectomy group and 0.19% in controls. The opposite pattern was found regarding Crohn’s disease with a pooled estimate of 0.20% prevalence in the appendectomy group and 0.12% in controls. No clear pattern was found regarding most of the examined cancers in appendectomy groups compared with background populations. Pregnancy rates increased after appendicitis compared with controls in most studies. Mortality was low after appendectomy. Conclusion: Appendectomy had a low prevalence of long-term surgical complications. We did not find any significant other long-term complications, though the prevalence of Crohn’s disease was higher and the prevalence of ulcerative colitis was lower after appendectomy than in controls. Appendectomy did not impair fertility.

scholarly journals Inadequate thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants : clinical review

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Shakespeare
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
White Line ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Lactation Cycle

The term 'thin soles' refers to the suboptimal thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants. These palmar / plantar surfaces of the claws support the weight of the animal and consist of the distal wall horn, the sole proper, the heel and the minute white line area. The sole should normally only bear weight on uneven or undulating surfaces. A decrease in the thickness of the weight-bearing claw surface will decrease the protective function of this structure and may alter the proportion of weight-bearing by each section with possible detrimental effects on hoof function. Horn tissue readily absorbs water and becomes softer which can lead to increased wear rates. Growth rates normally match wear rates but, unlike the latter, time is needed for the growth rate response to adapt to changes in wear rate. Concrete surfaces can be abrasive and dairy cows that spend their lactation cycle on these floors should be let out to pasture in the dry period so that their claws can recoup lost horn. Frictional coefficient is a measure of the 'slipperiness' of hooves on various surfaces. Newly laid or fresh concrete is not only abrasive but the thin surface suspension of calcium hydroxide that forms has a very alkaline pH which causes keratin degradation and is mostly responsible for the excessive claw wear that occurs. Four case studies are used to illustrate the importance of the distal wall horn, the dangers of over-trimming and the effects of disease and concrete on horn growth and wear rates.

scholarly journals Treatment of Blount’s Disease by Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis Using Eight Plate (A Systematic Review)

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Yousry ◽  
S S Elbeshry ◽  
M H A Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tibia Vara ◽  
Blount’S Disease ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Blount Disease

Abstract Background Tibia vara (Blount’s disease) is an orthopedic condition that affects young children causing varus deformity of the knee. Blount described tibia vara as “an osteochondrosis located at the medial side of the proximal tibial epiphysis.” Currently, tibia vara is considered an acquired disease of the proximal tibial metaphysis, However, rather than an epiphyseal dysplasia or osteochondrosis. The exact cause is unknown, but enchondral ossification seems to be altered. Suggested causative factors include infection, trauma, osteonecrosis and a latent form of rickets, although none of these has been proved. Combination of hereditary and developmental factors is the most likely cause. Weight bearing must be necessary for its development because it does not occur in non-ambulatory patients and the relationship of early walking and obesity to Blount disease has been clearly documented. Purpose to establish, through the literatures, what is the effectiveness of temporary hemiepiphysiodesis by eight plate in treating Blount’s disease. Methodology A systematic review was carried out on several studies which met the inclusion criteria. In this Study we conducted an up-to-date review of the studies discussing results of use of eight plates in temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in Blount disease and published between June 2008 and June 2018. Results in our study, success rate is 67.1% with a considerable rate of correction of mechanical axis deviation ranging between 0.58 mm\month to 1.5mm\month. Success rate in infantile age group was 95%, while in adolescent age group was 48%. Conclusion it is evident that results of 8-plate in Blount disease is much better in infantile group of age than adolescent group. So, 8-plate can be used in treatment of Blount’s disease up to stage IV. The results are better in low BMI and younger age group .

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