scholarly journals Genetic divergence for adaptability and stability in sugarcane: Proposal for a more accurate evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254413
Author(s):  
João de Andrade Dutra Filho ◽  
Tercilio Calsa Júnior ◽  
Djalma Euzébio Simões Neto ◽  
Lauter Silva Souto ◽  
Anielson dos Santos Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Mixed Model Methodology

The best agro-industrial performance presented by a crop genotype in one environment may not be reproduced in another owing to complex edaphoclimatic variations. Therefore, breeding programs are constantly attempting to obtain, through artificial hybridization, novel genotypes with high adaptability and stability potential. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic divergence in sugarcane based on the genotypic values of adaptability and stability. A total of 11 sugarcane genotypes were analyzed for eight agro-industrial traits. The genotypic values of the traits were determined using mixed model methodology, and the genetic divergence based on phenotypic and genotypic values was measured using the Mahalanobis distance. The distance matrices were correlated using the Mantel test, and the genotypes were grouped using the Tocher method. Genetic divergence is more accurate when based on genotypic values free of genotype–environment interactions and will differ from genetic divergence based on phenotypic data, changing the genotype allocations in the groups. The above methodology can be applied to assess genetic divergence to obtain novel sugarcane genotypes with higher productivity that are adapted to intensive agricultural systems using diverse technologies. This methodology can also be tested in other crops to increase accuracy in selecting the parents to be crossed.

scholarly journals Divergência genética entre progênies de polinização aberta de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis a partir de caracteres quantitativos

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (86) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Wanderley Dos Santos ◽  
Elton Gean Araújo ◽  
Danilla Cristina Lemos Souza ◽  
Janaína Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Camila Regina Silva Baleroni Recco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Cylindrical Volume

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a divergência genética entre progênies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, por meio de caracteres quantitativos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento látice 10 x 10, triplo, com 100 tratamentos (96 progênies oriundas de polinização aberta de um pomar clonal da espécie e quatro testemunhas). Foram avaliados os caracteres: diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo, altura total de planta, volume cilíndrico, produção de resina total e resina por área de painel. Utilizou-se a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2) e o método de otimização de Tocher. A maior distância genética observada entre as progênies foi de 100% (D2 = 65,51) e a menor foi de 0,09% (D2 = 0,15). O caractere volume foi o que mais contribuiu para a divergência genética entre os grupos avaliados. O agrupamento a partir do método de otimização de Tocher possibilitou a separação das progênies em quatro grupos, com concentração de 96,9% das progênies em um único grupo. Para que estas progênies possam ser incluídas em programas de melhoramento genético para produção de resina e madeira, cruzamentos controlados deverão ser priorizados entre indivíduos mais produtivos, que apresentaram maior divergência genética.Genetic divergence genetic between Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis progenies based on quantitative traitsThe proposal of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence among Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis progenies through quantitative traits. Trail was established in lattice design 10 x 10, triple, with 100 treatments (96 progenies from clonal seed orchard of P. caribaea var. hondurensis and four controls). The genetic divergence was estimated using the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2) and Torcher’s optimization method. Diameter at 1.30 above the ground, total plant height, cylindrical volume, total resin production and resin per panel area were evaluated. The largest genetic distance observed between the progenies was 100% (D2 = 65.51) and the lowest was 0,09% (D2 = 0.15). Clustering by Torcher’s optimization method separated the progeny in four groups, with a concentration of 96.9% of the progenies in a single group. Volume was the largest contributor to the genetic divergence among groups. To include these progeny in breeding programs for resin and wood production controlled crossings should be prioritized among the most productive individuals that presented greater genetic divergence.Index terms: Genetic breeding; Generalized Mahalanobis distance; Tocher optimization

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Correlation among Agronomic Traits, and Genetic Progress in a Sugarcane Diversity Panel

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
Roberto Giacomini Chapola ◽  
Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽  
Anete Pereira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Historical Series

Sugarcane breeding programs require 15 years of experimentation to create more productive cultivars, and estimates of genetic progress can indicate the efficiency of breeding programs. In this study, we used a diversity panel, the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) to estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of ten traits evaluated over three harvest years; (ii) to estimate genotypic correlation among those traits; and (iii) to estimate genetic progress over six decades of breeding. The heritabilities ranged from 0.43 to 0.88, and we detected 42 significant correlations, 9 negative and 33 positive. Over six decades, the sucrose-related traits BRIX, POL%C, and POL%J showed an average increase per decade of 0.27 °Brix (0.26% and 0.31%, respectively). Stalk number, height, and weight of the plot, and cane and sucrose yields revealed average increases per decade of 3.27 stalks, 0.06 m, 9.42 kg, 11.22 t/ha, and 2.08 t/ha, respectively. The genetic progress of the main agronomic traits is discussed through a historical series of sugarcane genotypes present in the BPSG. The findings of this study could contribute to the management of new breeding strategies and allow for future studies of associative mapping.

scholarly journals Selection of coffee progenies for resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in infested area

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Lima Salgado ◽  
Juliana Costa de Rezende ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Genotypic Association ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Mixed Model Methodology ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to select Coffea arabica progenies for resistance to M. paranaensis in an infested coffee growing area using Henderson's mixed model methodology. Forty-one genotypes were selected at the Coffee Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, and evaluated in regard to stem diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, reaction to the nematode, and yield per plant. There was genetic variability among the genotypes studied for all the traits evaluated, and among the populations studied for yield and reaction to the nematode, indicating possibilities for obtaining genetic gains through selection in this population. There was high rate of genotypic association between all the traits studied. Coffee plants of Timor Hybrid UFV408-01 population, and F3 progenies derived from crossing Catuaí Vermelho and Amphillo MR 2161 were the most promising in the area infested by M. paranaensis.

scholarly journals Plant selection in F2 segregating populations of papaya from commercial hybrids

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto de Andrade Fraife Filho ◽  
Juan Paulo Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Jorge Luiz Loyola Dantas ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mixed Model Methodology ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic parameters and additive genetic values in segregating populations of papaya using the mixed model methodology. Two F2 populations from Tainung and Calimosa hybrids were evaluated. The experimental design was an augmented block with four replicates, and Golden and Calimosa cultivars were the common treatment. Estimates of individual heritability were high for fruit length (FL) and weight (FW), moderate for fruit diameter (FD), and low for total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness (FF). Considering FF and TSS as main traits for selection, genotypes of Calimosa-F2 population showed better performance to FF, but worse concerning TSS. It was selected 18.3% and 24.6% of plants from Tainung-F2 and Calimosa-F2 populations, respectively. Negative correlation between TSS and FF was not able to reduce the genetic gains. The segregating populations from Calimosa hybrid are more promising for the selection of papaya lines.

scholarly journals Short communication: QTL mapping for ear tip-barrenness in maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e07SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Ding ◽  
Jinliang Ma ◽  
Jiafa Chen ◽  
Tangshun Ai ◽  
Zhimin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Model Composite

Barren tip on corn ear is an important agronomic trait in maize, which is highly associated with grain yield. Understanding the genetic basis of tip-barrenness may help to reduce the ear tip-barrenness in breeding programs. In this study, ear tip-barrenness was evaluated in two environments in a F2:3 population, and it showed significant genotypic variation for ear tip-barrenness in both environments. Using mixed-model composite interval mapping method, three additive effects quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear tip-barrenness were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6, respectively. They explained 16.6% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant QTL × Environment interactions and digenic interactions were detected. The results indicated that additive effect was the main genetic basis for ear tip-barrenness in maize. This is the first report of QTL mapped for ear tip-barrenness in maize.

scholarly journals Agronomic potential and selection of okra hybrids to obtain potential genitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Rafael R Finzi ◽  
Alexandre William C Marra ◽  
Fábio J Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula O Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination.

scholarly journals Maximizing efficiency of genomic selection in CIMMYT’s tropical maize breeding program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikiru Adeniyi Atanda ◽  
Michael Olsen ◽  
Juan Burgueño ◽  
Jose Crossa ◽  
Daniel Dzidzienyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Programs

Abstract Key message Historical data from breeding programs can be efficiently used to improve genomic selection accuracy, especially when the training set is optimized to subset individuals most informative of the target testing set. Abstract The current strategy for large-scale implementation of genomic selection (GS) at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) global maize breeding program has been to train models using information from full-sibs in a “test-half-predict-half approach.” Although effective, this approach has limitations, as it requires large full-sib populations and limits the ability to shorten variety testing and breeding cycle times. The primary objective of this study was to identify optimal experimental and training set designs to maximize prediction accuracy of GS in CIMMYT’s maize breeding programs. Training set (TS) design strategies were evaluated to determine the most efficient use of phenotypic data collected on relatives for genomic prediction (GP) using datasets containing 849 (DS1) and 1389 (DS2) DH-lines evaluated as testcrosses in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Our results show there is merit in the use of multiple bi-parental populations as TS when selected using algorithms to maximize relatedness between the training and prediction sets. In a breeding program where relevant past breeding information is not readily available, the phenotyping expenditure can be spread across connected bi-parental populations by phenotyping only a small number of lines from each population. This significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to within-population prediction, especially when the TS for within full-sib prediction is small. Finally, we demonstrate that prediction accuracy in either sparse testing or “test-half-predict-half” can further be improved by optimizing which lines are planted for phenotyping and which lines are to be only genotyped for advancement based on GP.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
MA Syed ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
MN Amin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Genetic diversity of 27 chickpea genotypes was studied through Mahalanobis D2 and Principal Component analysis. The genotypes under study fall into five clusters. The cluster II contained the highest number of genotypes (11) and Cluster I contained the lowest. Cluster I produced the highest mean value for number of pods per plant. The inter cluster distances were much higher than the intra cluster distances. Cluster V exhibited the highest intra cluster distance while the lowest distance was observed in cluster I. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and II while the lowest was between cluster III and V. Considering all the characters, it was suggested that the genotypes BD6549, BD6603, and BD6548 could used as parents for future breeding programs to develop high yielding varieties of chickpea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11184 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 129-136, March 2012  

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