Coexistence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among Brazilian adolescents: Individual characteristics and school environment

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share common and modifiable risk factors; among them, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, alcohol intake and smoking habit. However, these factors are not observed in separate and, most often, they influence each other. Risk factors established during adolescence are highly likely to remain in adult life. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the prevalence and coexistence of risk factors for CVD, as well as to investigate individual characteristic of the adolescent and environmental factors associated with risk factors’ coexistence profiles. This was a cross-sectional, national, school-based epidemiological study that estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who attended public and private schools located in Brazilian counties with a population of more than 100 thousand. For this study, thematic blocks referring to alcohol consumption, eating habits, smoking, and physical activity were used. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk and protective factors for CVD among adolescents. The study analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association between factors influencing the coexistence profile of risk factors for CVD. Based on adolescent-level variables, has shown that meeting positive criterion for Common Mental Disorders and not consuming the meals provided by the school have significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. On the other hand, school-level variables, show that studying in private schools and living in economically favored Brazilian regions have increased adolescents’ likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. These results can be used to substantiate the inclusion of food environment variables in public policies focused on preventing CVD development among Brazilian adolescents.

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Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180903121957 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 2876-2882 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kailash Prasad

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Half Life ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.

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Comparative risk assessment for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the Hungarian general and Roma population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82689-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter Piko ◽

Zsigmond Kosa ◽

Janos Sandor ◽

Roza Adany

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Average Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Roma Population

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and the early identification of high risk is crucial to prevent the disease and to reduce healthcare costs. Short life expectancy and increased mortality among the Roma are generally accepted (although not indeed proven by mortality analyses) which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among them. This study aims to elaborate on the prevalence of the most important CVD risk factors, assess the estimation of a 10-year risk of development of fatal and nonfatal CVDs based on the most used risk assessment scoring models, and to compare the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations. In 2018 a complex health survey was accomplished on the HG (n = 380) and HR (n = 347) populations. The prevalence of CVRS was defined and 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated for both study populations using the following systems: Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (FRSCHD) and for cardiovascular disease (FRSCVD), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE). After the risk scores had been calculated, the populations were divided into risk categories and all subjects were classified. For all CVD risk estimation scores, the average of the estimated risk was higher among Roma compared to the HG independently of the gender. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma males population was on average 1.5–3 times higher than in the general one. Among Roma females, the average risk value was higher than in the HG one. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma females population was on average 2–3 times higher compared to the distribution of females in the general population. Our results show that both genders in the Hungarian Roma population have a significantly higher risk for a 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and dying from them compared to the HG one. Therefore, cardiovascular interventions should be focusing not only on reducing smoking among Roma but on improving health literacy and service provision regarding prevention, early recognition, and treatment of lipid disorders and diabetes among them.

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Cross-talk between renal lithogenesis and atherosclerosis: an unveiled link between kidney stone formation and cardiovascular diseases

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20171574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 615-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Asokan Devarajan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Crystal Nucleation ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Kidney Stone Formation

The prevalence of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasing throughout the world. Both diseases are chronic and characterized by accumulation of oxidized proteins and lipids in the renal tissue and arterial wall, respectively. Emerging studies have revealed a positive association between nephrolithiasis and CVDs. Based on preclinical and clinical evidences, this review discusses: (i) stone forming risk factors, crystal nucleation, aggregation, injury-induced crystal retention, and stone formation, (ii) CVD risk factors such as dyslipidemia, perturbation of gut microbiome, obesity, free radical-induced lipoprotein oxidation, and retention in the arterial wall, subsequent foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis, (iii) mechanism by which stone forming risk factors such as oxalate, calcium, uric acid, and infection contribute toward CVDs, and (iv) how CVD risk factors, such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and uric acid, contribute to kidney stone formation are described.

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4265 Effect of individual characteristics, healthcare access, and built environment on care coordination outcomes related to cardiovascular disease risk factors

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

pp. 117-118

Author(s):

Sonal J. Patil ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Angela Johnson ◽

David Mehr ◽

Randi Foraker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Social Capital ◽

Built Environment ◽

Care Management ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Care Manager ◽

Nurse Care ◽

Comorbidity Index

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We examined how individual characteristics and characteristics of the socioeconomic and built environment were associated with care coordination’s effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks to identify geographic areas that may benefit from supplementary clinic-community linkages. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data with geocoded residential addresses and data from electronic health records for 9946 adults from a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services funded innovation project from 7/1/2013 to 3/30/2015. Variables included patient-level demographics, Elixhauser comorbidity index, total time with a nurse care manager, and neighborhood factors such as poverty indicators, walkability, and social capital index. Outcomes were change in CVD risk factors, hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of nurse care management program on outcomes after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We report preliminary models that include patient demographics (age, sex, race), health care utilization, nurse care manager contact time, Elixhauser comorbidity index, neighborhood education status, percent of population below 200% federal poverty level, median home value, walkability score of the residential address, and social capital index. After adjusting for all mentioned variables, in adults with HbA1C more than 7.5% at baseline, females had worsening HbA1C by 0.53% over the study period. Additionally, LDL values in females worsened over the study period by 4.8 mg/dL after adjusting for all variables. No clinically significant changes were noted for BP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Women’s HbA1C and LDL worsened despite nurse care management and may benefit from additional community-based interventions or interventionists. In future analyses, we anticipate that CVD risk will worsen for patients with higher fast food proximity and with greater geographic distance from their PCP.

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Cardiovascular system status of long-livers in Moscow: the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 4028

Author(s):

K. A. Eruslanova ◽

A. V. Luzina ◽

Yu. S. Onuchina ◽

V. S. Ostapenko ◽

N. V. Sharashkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Interventricular Septum ◽

Systolic Heart Failure ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Past Century ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk

Over the past century, an increase in life expectancy has been observed in Russia and in the world. According to the United Nations, by 2100, the number of centenarians worldwide will reach 25 million. Despite the annual increase in the number of super-centenarians, this age group remains poorly understood.Aim. To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the main risk factors among super-centenarians in Moscow.Material and methods. According to the register of long-livers in Moscow, 82 people aged 95 to 105 were included. Participants were examined at home.The history of life and the presence of chronic diseases was collected by participant words. To assess the state of cardiovascular system, an ultrasound of the heart and main arteries was performed.Results. Conventional CVD risk factors were the exception rather than the rule among study participants (smoking — 8 patients (9,8%), alcohol abuse — 4 (4,9%), obesity — 6 (7,3%)). Dyslipidemia was relatively widespread (n=37; 45,1%), however, there were no pronounced abnormalities in the lipid profile: the maximum increase in low-density lipoproteins was 5,6 mmol/L. The most common CVDs among the participants were hypertension (n=64; 78%), coronary artery disease (n=42; 51,2%), and heart failure (n=26; 31,7%); other diseases were much less common. The most common echocardiographic changes were left atrial dilatation (n=38; 74,5%), increased left ventricular mass, thickening of left ventricular posterior wall (n=24; 48%) and interventricular septum (n=51; 100%). Diastolic and systolic heart failure were not widespread among long-livers: 16 (32%) and 2 (3,9%), respectively. Despite a rather large number of atherosclerotic plaques in the common carotid and femoral arteries, the number of hemodynamically significant plaques was low (n=3; 4,6%). An intima-media thickening up to 1,0-1,1 mm was found.Conclusion. Long-livers in Moscow are characterized by a low prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors (with the exception of hypertension) and a fairly high prevalence of atherosclerotic CVDs, which are characterized by a subclinical course.

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Association of potato and other starchy vegetable consumption with cardiovascular diseases risk factors in Iranian elderly men

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22740/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mursal Basiry ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Hadis Mozaffari ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Serum Level ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Lower Serum Level ◽

Potato Consumption

Abstract Objectives. Given the limited research on potato and other starchy vegetable consumption with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), we examined the association of potato and other starchy vegetable intakes in association with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers among elderly men. Study Design. A cross-sectional study. Methods. In this study, 357 elderly men were participated. Dietary intake was assessed using food a valid and reliable frequency questionnaires. Two separated groups were considered. 1. Potato, 2. Other Starchy vegetables including corn, squash, green pea, and green lima beans. CVD risk factors including HDL, LDL, FBS, TG, TC, Alkaline phosphatase, Fibrinogen, Insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, SGOT and SGPT were measured. Results. Participants in the highest tertile of potato consumption had a 45% lower serum level of fasting blood sugar (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.31, 1.97; P trend: 0.041). However, this significant association disappeared after controlling for confounders. The participants in the highest tertile of potato consumption had higher serum level of triglyceride (OR: 4.52 95%CI: 1.10, 18.56; P trend: 0.030). Moreover, participants in the highest tertiles of other starchy vegetable consumption had an 84% lower serum level of alanine aminotransferase (OR: 0.16 95%CI: 0.03, 0.90; P trend: 0.040). Conclusion. Overall, more consumption of potato may be related to developing CVD risk factors. Future research is needed to elucidate the association between potato and other starchy vegetable consumption with cardiovascular diseases risk factors in both genders.

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Drug adjustment of modified risk factors as one of the leading strategies for managing patients with cardiovascular diseases

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-21-22-38 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-38

Author(s):

S. K. Zyryanov ◽

E. A. Baybulatova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Combination Drug ◽

Chronic Heart Disease ◽

Continuous Chain ◽

Cardiovascular Continuum

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number 1 cause of death globally. Risk factors for CVDs may trigger the development of pathological conditions to a certain degree. The cardiovascular continuum is a continuous chain of interconnected changes in the cardiovascular system from exposure to risk factors via the gradual onset and progression of CVD to the development of terminal heart damage and death. The continuous chain of interconnected changes in the structure and function of several body organs and systems at once within the continuum suggests the presence of common pathophysiological processes, mechanisms of development and progression of organ damages. The drug’s ability to affect all stages of the cardiovascular continuum defines the choice of modern pharmacotherapy for cardiological patients. Using drugs with multi-target (multi-purpose) action is one of the possibilities for optimizing pharmacotherapy. The provided results of clinical studies show that drugs meeting this requirement include ACE inhibitors (ramipril), beta-blockers (metoprolol), lipid-lowering drugs (combination drug rosuvastatin/ezetimib), allopurinol. The choice of drugs for pharmacotherapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases should be based on the presence and severity of all risk factors and associated conditions and taking into account the individual characteristics of the drugs. Patients with chronic heart disease usually need lifelong therapy, and search for the best individual treatment for each patient is crucial. Using drugs with multi-target (multi-purpose) action is one of the possibilities for optimizing treatment.

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Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly in Guguak Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Human Care Journal ◽

10.32883/hcj.v5i1.650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Debie Anggraini ◽

Prima Adelin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

The Elderly ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Related Risk ◽

Low Hdl

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The most stringent primary CVD screening guidelines in developed countries use absolute CVD risk scores or coronary heart disease, such as Framingham or SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) there are two types of CVD risk factors namely modifiable risk factors and unmodified risk factors. The aim of the current study is to determine the profil of potentially modifiable and unmodified cardiovascular risk factors. Method: This research consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data taken is modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index and lifestyle related risk factors such as smoking habit. We also take data of unmodified risk factors such as age and gender. The result: this study consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The mean age of elderly were 68±7.64861 years old that consisting of 29.3% men and 70.7% women, 34% of elderly with hypertension, the elderly with hypercholesterolemia 71%, hypertriglyceridemia 41%, and the elderly women with low HDL-C levels were 53%, the elderly men with low HDL-C levels were 92%. Conclusion: There are two types of risk factors CVD, modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk factors. The modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index and lifestyle related risk factors such as smoking habit.

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Sex-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10192

Author(s):

Darja Smigoc Schweiger ◽

Tadej Battelino ◽

Urh Groselj

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of higher and earlier morbidity and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to people without diabetes. In addition, women with T1D are at an even higher relative risk for CVD than men. However, the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Atherosclerotic changes are known to progress early in life among people with T1D, yet it is less clear when excess CVD risk begins in females with T1D. This review explores the prevalence of classical CVD risk factors (such as glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, albuminuria, smoking, diet, physical inactivity), as well as of novel biomarkers (such as chronic inflammation), in children and adolescents with T1D with particular regard to sex-related differences in risk profile. We also summarize gaps where further research and clearer clinical guidance are needed to better address this issue. Considering that girls with T1D might have a more adverse CVD risk profile than boys, the early identification of and sex-specific intervention in T1D would have the potential to reduce later CVD morbidity and excess mortality in females with T1D. To conclude, based on an extensive review of the existing literature, we found a clear difference between boys and girls with T1D in the presence of individual CVD risk factors as well as in overall CVD risk profiles; the girls were on the whole more impacted.

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Association between Rosacea and Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7015249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yanmei Li ◽

Linghong Guo ◽

Dan Hao ◽

Xiaoxue Li ◽

Yujia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Related Risk ◽

Mean Differences

Background. Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies, but not all, have suggested a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in rosacea patients. This study is aimed at investigating the association between rosacea and CVDs and related risk factors. Methods. We performed a literature search through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their respective inception to December 21, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and performed analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines. Odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes. The included studies’ quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results. The final meta-analysis included ten studies. The pooled analysis found no association between rosacea prevalence and the incidence of CVDs (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.10). Rosacea was found to be significantly associated with several risk factors for CVDs (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05-1.31), including hypertension (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02-1.35), dyslipidemia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.00-1.79), and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.09-2.72). However, no association was found between rosacea and diabetes mellitus (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82-1.16). Among the biological parameters, a significant association was found between rosacea and total cholesterol (SMD=0.40; 95% CI=−0.00, 0.81; p<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD=0.28; 95% CI=0.01, 0.56; p<0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD=0.25; 95% CI=0.10, 0.41; p<0.05). We found no association between rosacea and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD=0.00; 95% CI=−0.18, 0.18; p=0.968) or triglycerides (SMD=0.10; 95% CI=−0.04, 0.24; p=0.171). Conclusions. Although no significant association was found between rosacea and CVDs, rosacea was found to be associated with several of related risk factors. Patients with rosacea should pay more attention to identifiable CVD risk factors, especially those related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders.

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